Neurobehavioral disorders in children, adolescents, and young adults with Down syndrome

American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics

Volumn 142, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 158-172

  Capone, George ^a   Goyal, Parag ^b   Ares, William ^b   Lannigan, Emily ^b  

^a KENNEDY KRIEGER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b Kennedy Krieger Institute ^*

Author keywords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic spectrum disorder; Disruptive behavior disorder; Down syndrome; Dual diagnosis; Neurobehavioral disorder; Oppositional defiant disorder; Pervasive developmental disorder; Psychiatric disorder

Indexed keywords

ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; ALPRAZOLAM; AMANTADINE; AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ATOMOXETINE; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; BENZATROPINE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BUSPIRONE; CAFFEINE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; CLONIDINE; GUANFACINE; MELATONIN; MODAFINIL; MOOD STABILIZER; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ADULTHOOD; ANXIETY DISORDER; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; AUTISM; CHILD; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR; DOWN SYNDROME; DRUG SAFETY; DUAL DIAGNOSIS; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; EMOTIONAL STABILITY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; MENTAL DISEASE; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER; PREPUBERTY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOSIS; RATING SCALE; REISS SCALE; REVIEW; STEREOTYPY; SYMPTOM;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ADULT; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; AUTISTIC DISORDER; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; DEPRESSION; DOWN SYNDROME; HUMANS; MENTAL RETARDATION; MOOD DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; STEREOTYPIC MOVEMENT DISORDER;

EID: 33748089366     PISSN: 15524868     EISSN: 15524876     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30097     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Althoff RR, Rettew DC, Hudziak JJ. 2003. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Psychiatr Annals 33:245-251.
2. Aman M, Singh N, Stewart A, Field C. 1985. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist: A behavior rating scale for the assessment of treatment effects. Am J Ment Defic 89:485-491.
3. Aman MG, Pejeau C, Osbourne P, Rojahn J. 1996. Four-Year follow-up of children with low intelligence and ADHD. Res Dev Disabil 17:417-432.
4. Aman MG, Crismon ML, Frances A, King BH, Rojahn J. 2004. Treatment of psychiatric and behavioral problems in individuals with mental retardation: An update of the expert concensus guidelines. www.psychguidelines.com. Englewood CO. Postgraduate Institute of Medicine:1-20.
5. Andreou G, Galanopoulou C, Gourgoulianis K. 2002. Cognitive status in Down syndrome individuals with sleep disordered breathing deficits (SDB). Brain Cogn 50:145-149.
6. Antochi R, Stavrakaki C. 2004. Determining pharmacotherapy options for behavioral disturbances in patients with developmental disabilities. Psychiatr Annals 34:205-212.
7. Beebe DW, Gozal D. 2002. Obstructive sleep apnea and the prefrontal cortex: Towards a comprehensive model linking nocturnal upper airway obstruction to daytime cognitive and behavioral deficits. Eur Sleep Res Soc 11:1-16.
8. Biederman J, Newcorn J, Sprich S. 1991. Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. Am J Psychiatry 148:564-577.
9. Birmaher B. 2003. Treatment of psychosis in children and adolescents. Psychiatr Annals 33:257-264.
10. Blunden S, Lushington K, Lorenzen B, Martin J, Kennedy D. 2005. Neuropsychological and psychosocial function in children with a history of snoring or behavioral sleep problems. J Pediatr 146:780-786.
11. Capone G. 2002. Down syndrome and autistic spectrum disorders. In: Cohen W, Madnick M, editors. Down syndrome: Visions of the 21st century. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
12. Capone G, Grados M, Kaufmann W, Bernad-Ripoll S, Jewell A. 2005. Down Syndrome and co-morbid Autism-spectrum disorder: Characterization using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist. Am J Med Genet Part A 134A:373-380.
13. Chariot L. 2002. Obsessional slowness in Down syndrome: Severe variant of OCD or separate disorder? Ment Health Aspects Dev Disabil 5:53-56.
14. Chervin RD. 2003. Conduct problems and symptoms of sleep disorders in children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42:201-208.
15. Cheung AH, Emslie GJ, Mayes TL. 2005. Review of the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in youth depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46:735-754.
16. Clark D, Wilson GN. 2003. Behavioral assessment of children with Down syndrome using the Reiss psychopathology scale. Am J Med Genet Part A 118A:210-216.
17. Coe D, Matson J, Russell D, Slifer K, Capone G, Baglio C, Stallings S. 1999. Behavior problems of children with Down Syndrome and life events. J Autism Dev Disord 29:149-156.
18. Cooper S, Collacott RA. 1994. Clinical features and diagnostic criteria of depression in Down's syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 165:399-403.
19. DeBar L, Lynch F, Powell J, Gale J. 2003. Use of psychotropic agents in preschool children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157:150-157.
20. Dilsaver SC, Henderson-Fuller S, Akiskal HS. 2003. Occult mood disorders in 104 consecutively presenting children referred for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a community mental health clinic. J Clin Psychiatry 64:1170-1176.
21. Dodd P, Dowling S, Hollins S. 2005. A review of the emotional, psychiatric and behavioural responses to bereavement in people with intellectual disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res 49:537-543.
22. Dykens EM. 2000. Annotation: Psychopathology in children with intellectual disability. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 41:407-417.
23. Dykens EM, Shah B, Sagun J, Beck T, King BH. 2002. Maladaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with Down's syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 46:484-492.
24. Eisermann MM, DeLaRaillere A, Dellatolas G, Tozzi E, Nabbout R, Dulac O, Chiron C. 2003. Infantile spasms in Down syndrome - Effects of delayed anticonvulsive treatment. Epilepsy Res 55:21-27.
25. Evans D, Gray F. 2000. Compulsive-like behavior in individuals with Down syndrome: Its relation to mental age level, adaptive and maladaptive behavior. Child Dev 71:288-300.
26. Fallone G, Owens JA, Deane J. 2002. Sleepiness in children and adolescents: Clinical implications. Sleep Med Rev 6:287-306.
27. Findling RL. 2005. Pharmacologic treatment of behavioral symptoms in autism and pervasive developmental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 66(Suppl 10):26-31.
28. Ganiban J, Wagner S, Cicchetti D. 1990. Temperament and down syndrome. In: Cicchetti D, Beeghly M, editors. Children with Down syndrome: A developmental perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p 63-100.
29. Gardner WI, Griffiths DM. 2004. Distinguishing mental illnesses from behavior disorders. Psychiatr Annals 34:186-192.
30. Gath A, Gumley D. 1986. Behaviour problems in retarded children with special reference to Down's syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 149:156-161.
31. Ghaziuddin M, Tsai L, Ghaziuddin N. 1992. Autism in Down's syndrome: Presentation and diagnosis. J Intellect Disabil Res 36:449-456.
32. Gillberg C, Persson E, Grufman M, Themner U. 1986. Psychiatric disorders in mildly and severely mentally retarded urban children and adolescents: Epidemiological aspects. Br J Psychiatry 149:68-74.
33. Goldberg-Stern H, Strawsburg RH, Patterson B, et al. 2001. Seizure frequency and characteristics in children with Down syndrome. Brain Dev 23:275-278.
34. Goldstein NA, Post C, Rosenfeld RM, Campbell TF. 2000. Impact of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on child behavior. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126:494-498.
35. Grados MA, Riddle MA. 2001. Pharmacological treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: From theory to practice. J Clin Child Psychol 30:67-79.
36. Green JM, Dennis J, Bennets LA. 1989. Attention disorder in a group of young Down's syndrome children. J Ment Defic Res 33:105-122.
37. Gunn P, Berry P. 1985. The temperament of Down's syndrome toddlers and their siblings. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 26:973-979.
38. Haw C, Barnes T, Clark K, Crichton P, Kohen D. 1996. Movement disorder in Down's syndrome: A possible marker of the severity of mental handicap. Movement Disorders 11:395-403.
39. Howlin P, Wing L, Gould J. 1995. The recognition of autism in children with Down syndrome-implications for intervention and some speculations about pathology. Dev Med Child Neurol 37:398-414.
40. Hunt RD, Paguin A, Payton K. 2001. An update on assessment and treatment of complex attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Annals 30:162-172.
41. Hurley A. 1996. The misdiagnosis of hallucinations and delusions in persons with mental retardation: A neurodevelopmental perspective. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1:122-133.
42. Jakab I. 1978. Basal ganglia calification and psychosis in mongolism. Europ J Paediatr Neurol 17:300-314.
43. Jones K, Harrison Y. 2001. Frontal lobe function, sleep loss and fragmented sleep. Sleep Med 5:463-475.
44. Kent L, Evans J, Paul M, Sharp M. 1999. Comorbidity of autistic spectrum disorders in children with Down syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 41:153-158.
45. Khan S, Osinowo T, Pary RJ. 2002. Down syndrome and major depressive disorder: A review. Ment Health Aspects Dev Disabil 5:46-52.
46. King R, Fay G, Prescott H, Turcottr P, Preston M. 2004. Selecting treatments for repetitive behaviors in pervasive developmental disorders. Psychiatr Annals 34:221-228.
47. Levanon A, Tarasiuk A, Tal A. 1999. Sleep characteristics in children with Down syndrome. J Pediatr 134:755-760.
48. Lilienfeld SO. 2005. Scientifically unsupported interventions for childhood psychopathology. Pediatrics 115:761-764.
49. Lovell RW, Reiss AL. 1993. Dual diagnoses: Psychiatric disorders in developmental disabilities. Pediatr Clin North Am 40:579-592.
50. Lowry MA, Sovner R. 1991 . The functional significance of problem behavior: A key to effective treatment. Habilitative Ment Healthc Newslett 10:59-63.
51. Marcus CL, Keens TG, Bautista DB, von Pechmann WS, Ward SLD. 1991. Obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics 88:132-139.
52. McGuire DE, Chicoine BA. 1996. Depressive disorders in adults with Down syndrome. Habilitative Ment Healthc Newslett 15:1-7.
53. Means MK, Lichstein KL, Edinger JD, Taylor DJ. 2003. Changes in depressive symptoms after continuous positive airway pressure treatment for sleep apnea. Sleep and Breathing 7:31-42.
54. Menolascino FJ. 1965. Psychiatric aspects of Mongolism. Am J Ment Defic 69:653-660.
55. Mikkelsen EJ, McKenna L. 1999. Psychopharmacologic algorithms for adults with developmental disabilities and difficult-to-diagnose behavioral disorders. Psychiatr Annals 29:302-314.
56. Myers B, Pueschel SM. 1991. Psychiatric disorders in persons with Down syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis 179:609-613.
57. Myers B, Pueschel SM. 1994. Brief report: A case of schizophrenia in a population with Down syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 24:95-98.
58. Myers BA, Pueschel SM. 1995. Major depression in a small group of adults with Down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 16:285-299.
59. O'Dwyer J. 1992. Two cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Individuals with Down's syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis 180:603-604.
60. Pakyurek M, Gutkovich Z, Weintraub S. 2002. Reduced aggression in two inpatient children with treatment of their sleep apnea. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:1025-1026.
61. Pary RJ, Loschen EL, Tomkowiak SB. 1996. Mood disorders and Down syndrome. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1:148-153.
62. Pary RJ, Friedlander R, Capone G. 1999. Bipolar disorder and Down syndrome: Six cases. Ment Health Aspects Dev Disabil 2:1-5.
63. Prasher V, Day S. 1995. Brief report: Obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults with Down syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 25:453-458.
64. Pueschel SM, Bernier JC, Pezzullo JC. 1991. Behavioural observations in children with Down's syndrome. J Ment Defic Res 35:502-511.
65. Reiss S, Aman M, editors. 1998. Psychotropic medications and developmental disabilities: The international consensus handbook. Nisonger Center: Ohio State University.
66. Reiss S, Valenti-Hein D. 1994. Development of a psychopathology rating scale for children with mental retardation. J Consultation Clin Psychiatr 62:28-33.
67. Resta O, Barbara M, Giliberti T, Caratozzolo G, Cagnazzo M, Scarpelli F, Nocerino M. 2003. Sleep related breathing disorders in adults with Down syndrome. Downs Syndr Res Pract 8:115-119.
68. Robarth M, Derryberry D 1981. The development of individual differences in temperament. In: Lamb M, Brown A, editors. Advances in developmental psychology, Vol 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. p 37-86.
69. Rojahn J, Helsel W. 1991. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist with children and adolescents with dual diagnosis. J Autism Dev Disord 21:17-28.
70. Rosenberg DR, Banerjee SP, Ivey JL, Lorch ER. 2003. Psychopharmacology of child and adolescent anxiety disorders. Psychiatr Annals 33:273-278.
71. Rush KS, Bowman LG, Eidman SL, Toole LM. 2004. Assessing psychopathology in individuals with developmental disabilities. Behav Modif 28:621-637.
72. Ruths S, Steiner H. 2004. Psychopharmacologic treatment of aggression in children and adolescents. Pediatr Annals 33:319-327.
73. Ryan N. 2005. Treatment of depressionin children and adolescents. Lancet 366:933-940.
74. Schwartz SA, Ruedrich S. 1996. On the distinction between mental illness and behavior problems in persons with mental retardation. Habilitative Ment Healthc Newslett 15:60-62.
75. Shoaf TL, Graham JE, Mayes TL. 2001. Childhood depression: Diagnosis and treatment strategies in general pediatrics. Pediatr Annals 30:129-137.
76. Silka VR, Hauser MJ. 1997. Psychiatric assessment of the person with mental retardation. Psychiatr Annals 27:162-174.
77. Snider L, Swedo S. 2004. PANDAS: Current status and research directions. Mol Psychiatry 9:900-907.
78. Sovner R. 1986. Limiting factors in the use of DSM-III criteria with mentally ill/mentally retarded persons. Psychopharmacol Bull 22:1055-1059.
79. Sovner R. 1996. Six models of behavior from a neuropsychiatric perspective. Habilitative Ment Healthc Newslett 15:51-58.
80. Sovner R, Lowry MA. 1990. A behavioral methodology for diagnosing affective disorders in individuals with mental retardation. Habilitative Ment Healthc Newslett 9:55-61.
81. Stavrakaki C. 2004. Developmental disabilities and psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr Annals 34:176-178.
82. Stavrakaki C, Antochi R. 2004. Trauma may spak OCD in patients with Down Syndrome. Psychiatr Annals 34:196-200.
83. Summers J, Boyd K, Morgan J. 2004. Evaluating patients with intellectual disabilities and comorbid mental health problems. Psychiatr Annals 34:215-220.
84. Thase ME. 1984. Basal ganglia calcification and psychosis in Down's syndrome. Postgrad Med J 60:137-139.
85. Thase ME. 2005. Pharmacologic strategies for treatment-resistant depression. Psychiatr Annals 35:970-978.
86. Van Toorn FL, Weyers HH, Schoeman JF. 2004. Distinguishing PANDAS from Sydenham's chorea: Case report and review of the literature. Europ J Paediatr Neurol 8:211-216.
87. Vance A, Sanders M, Arduca Y. 2005. Dysthymic disorder contributes to oppositional defiant behaviour in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT). J Affect Disord 86:329-333.
88. Walker E, Bollini A. 2002. Pubertal neurodevelopment and the emergence of psychotic symptoms. Schizophr Res 54:17-23.
89. Wisniewski K, French J, Rosen J, Kozlowski P, Tenner M, Wisniewski H. 1982. Basal ganglia calcification (BGC) in Down's syndrome - Another manifestation of premature aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 396:179-189.
90. Yaryura-Tobias JA, Rabinowitz DC, Nezirogu F. 2003. Possible basal ganglia pathology in children with complex symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry 64:1495-1501.
91. Zajecka J, Goldstein C. 2005. Combining and augmenting: Choosing the right therapies for treatment-resistant depression. Psychiatr Annals 35:993-1000.
92. Zito J, Safer D, dosreis S, Gardner J, Magder L, Soeken K, Boles M, Lynch F, Riddle MA. 2003. Psychotropic practice patterns for youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157:17-25.