Viability, infectivity and fatty acid synthetic activity of Perkinsus marinus meront cells incubated in estuarine and artificial seawater

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

Volumn 71, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 131-139

  Chu, Fu Lin E ^a   Lund, Eric D ^a  

^a VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE   (United States)

Author keywords

Fatty acid synthesis; Infectivity; Perkinsus marinus; Viability

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEM; DISEASE PREVALENCE; ESTUARY; FATTY ACID; INFECTIVITY; MOLLUSC; PATHOGEN; SEAWATER; VIABILITY;

CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA; OSTREIDAE; PERKINSUS MARINUS;

EID: 33747840726     PISSN: 01775103     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/dao071131     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Andrew JD, Hewatt WG (1957) Oyster mortality studies in Virginia. II. The fungus disease caused by Dermocystidium martinum in oysters of Chesapeake Bay. Ecol Monogr 27:1-26
2. Andrews JD (1988) Epizootiology of the disease caused by the oyster pathogen Perkinsus marinus and its effects on the oyster industry. Am Fish Soc Spec Publ 18:47-63
3. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911-917
4. Bushek D, Allen SK Jr, Alcox KA, Gustafson R, Ford SE (1994a) Dose response of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to cultured cells of Perkinsus marinus, the agent of dermo disease. J Shellfish Res 13:313
5. Bushek D, Ford SE, Allen SK Jr (1994b) Evaluation of methods using Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium for diagnosis of Perkinsus marinus infection in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Annu Rev Fish Dis 4:201-217
6. Bushek D, Ford SE, Chintala MM (2002) Comparison of in vitro-cultured and wild-type Perkinsus marinus. III. Fecal elimination and its role in transmission. Dis Aquat Org 51:217-225
7. Chintala MM, Bushek D, Ford SE (2002) Comparison of in vitro-cultured and wild-type Perkinsus marinus. II. Dosing methods and host response Dis Aquat Org 51:203-216
8. Choi KS, Wilson EA, Lewis DH, Powell EN, Ray SM (1989) The energetic cost of Perkinsus marinus parasitism in oysters: quantification of the thioglycollate method. J Shellfish Res 8:125-131
9. Chu FLE (1996) Laboratory investigations of susceptibility, infectivity and transmission of Perkinsus marinus in oysters. J Shellfish Res 15:57-66
10. Chu FLE, Greene KH (1989) Effect of temperature and salinity on in vitro culture of the oyster pathogen, Perkinsus marinus (Apicomplexa: Perkinsea). J Invertebr Pathol 53:260-268
11. Chu FLE, Volety A (1997) Disease processes of the parasite Perkinsus marinus in eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica: minimum dose for infection initiation, and interaction of temperature, salinity and infective cell dose. Dis Aquat Org 28:61-68
12. Chu FLE, Lund ED, Soudant P, Harvey E (2002) De novo arachidonic acid synthesis in Perkinsus marinus, a protozoan parasite of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Mol Biochem Parasitol 119:179-90
13. Chu FLE, Lund ED, Harvey E, Adlof R (2004) Arachidonic acid synthetic pathway of the oyster protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus: evidence for usage of a delta-8 pathway. Mol Biochem Parasitol 133:45-51
14. Contreras LM, Vivas J, Urbina JA (1997) Altered lipid composition and enzyme activities of plasma membranes from Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes grown in the presence of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 53:697-704
15. Diaz JP, Mani-Ponset L, Guyot E, Connes R (1994) Assimilation of dissolved glucose from sea water by the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and the sea bream Sparus aurata. Mar Biol 120:181-186
16. Feral JP (1985) Effect of short-term starvation on the biochemical composition of the apodus holothurian Leptosynapta galliennei (Echinodermata): possible role of dissolved organic matter as an energy source. Mar Biol 86:297-306
17. Ford SE (1996) Range extension by the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus into the northeastern United States: response to climate change? J Shellfish Res 15:45-56
18. Ford SE, Chintala MM, Bushek D (2002) Comparison of in vitro-cultured and wild-type Perkinsus marinus. I. Pathogen virulence. Dis Aquat Org 51:187-201
19. Hoese HD (1963) Studies on oyster scavengers and their relation to the fungus Dermocystidium marinum. Proc Natl Shellfish Assoc 53:161-174
20. Korsgaard B (1991) Metabolism of larval turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.) and uptake of amino acids from seawater studied by autoradiographic and radiochemical methods. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 148:1-10
21. Kragh T, Sondergaard M (2004) Production and bioavailability of auchthonous dissolved organic carbon: effects of mesozooplankton. Aquat Microb Ecol 36:61-72
22. La Peyre JF, Chu FLE (1994) A simple procedure for the isolation of Perkinsus marinus merozoites, a pathogen of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 14:101-103
23. La Peyre JF, Faisal M, Burreson EM (1993) In vitro propagation of the protozoan Perkinsus marinus, a pathogen of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. J Eukaryot Microbiol 40:304-310
24. Lepesheva GI, Nes WD, Zhou W, Hill GC, Waterman MR (2004) CYP51 from Trypanosoma brucei is obtusifoliol-specific. Biochemistry 43:10789-10799
25. Lund ED, Chu FLE, Harvey E (2004) Effects of temperature and salinity on fatty acid synthesis in the oyster protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 307:111-126
26. Mackin JG (1962) Oyster disease caused by Dermocystidium marinum and other microorganisms in Louisiana. Publ Inst Mar Sci Univ Tex 7:132-229
27. Manahan DT (1983) The uptake and metabolism of dissolved amino acids by bivalve larvae. Biol Bull (Woods Hole) 164:236-250
28. Marty Y, Delaunay F, Moal J, Samain JF (1992) Change in the fatty acid composition of Pecten maximus (L.). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 163:221-234
29. Metcalfe LD, Schmitz AA (1961) The rapid preparation of fatty acid esters for gas chromatography analysis. Anal Chem 33:363-364
30. Otake T, Hirokawa J, Fujimoto H, Imaizumi K (1995) Fine structure and function of the gut epithelium of pike eel larvae. J Fish Biol 47:126-142
31. Perkins FO (1966) Life history studies of Dermocystidium marinum, an oyster pathogen. PhD dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
32. Perkins FO (1988) Structure of protistan parasites found in bivalve molluscs. Am Fish Soc Spec Publ 18:93-111
33. Ragone Calvo LM, Dungan CF, Roberson BS, Burreson EM (2003) Systematic evaluation of factors controlling Perkinsus marinus transmission dynamics in lower Chesapeake Bay. Dis Aquat Org 56:75-86
34. Ray SM (1954) Biological studies of Dermocystidium marinum, a fungus parasite of oysters. Rice Institute Pamphlet Special. The Rice Institute, Houston, TX
35. Soudant P, Chu FLE (2001) Lipid class and fatty acid composition of the protozoan parasite of oysters, Perkinsus marinus, cultivated in two different media. J Eukaryot Microbiol 48:309-319
36. Soudant P, Chu FLE, Lund ED (2005) Assessment of the cell viability of cultured Perkinsus marinus (Perkinsea), a parasitic protozoan of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, using SYBRgreen-propidium iodide double staining and flow cytometry. J Eukaryot Microbiol 52:492-499
37. Volety AK, Chu FLE (1994) Comparison of infectivity and pathogenicity of meront (trophozoite) and prezoosporangia stages of the oyster pathogen Perkinsus marinus in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791). J Shellfish Res 13:521-527
38. White ME, Powell EN, Ray SM, Wilson EA (1987) Host-to-host transmission of Perkinsus marinus in oyster Crassostrea virginica populations by the ectoparasitic snail Boonea impressa (Pyramidellidae). J Shellfish Res 6:1-5