Powered by the state: The role of public resources in party-building in Slovakia

Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 320-340

  Rybář, Marek ^a  

^a Faculty of Natural Sciences   (Slovakia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE; PARTY POLITICS; POST-COMMUNISM;

CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; SLOVAKIA;

EID: 33747584373     PISSN: 13523279     EISSN: 17439116     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13523270600855704     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. See Richard S. Katz and Peter Mair, 'Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party', Party Politics, Vol.1, No.1 (1995), pp.5-28.
2. See, for example, Richard Gunther and Larry Diamond, 'Types and Functions of Parties', in Larry Diamond and Richard Gunther (eds.), Political Parties and Democracy (Baltimore, MD and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001).
3. The Communist Party of Slovakia was a territorial branch of the Communist Party of Czechhoslovakia (KSČ). The KSC was federalized in 1991, with the Party of Democratic Left as its Slovak component and the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) constituting its Czech equivalent; in 1992 the federation of the two parties was dissolved.
4. The VPN and OF used the communist-era constitutional provisions and, on the basis of an agreement with the communist regime representatives, nominated ('co-opted') their own people into the federal and state parliaments even before the free elections were held. These 'co-optations' were made possible because many members of these legislatures were forced to give up their parliamentary seats.
5. Darina Malova' and Kevin Deegan Krause, 'Parliamentary Party Groups in Slovakia', in Knut Heidar and Ruud Koole (eds.), Parliamentary Party Groups in European Democracies: Political Parties Behind Closed Doors (London: Routledge, 2000).
6. The ZRS was a member of the 1994-98 coalition government.
7. The PSNS was a breakaway faction from the Slovak National Party (a junior coalition member in 1994-98); the SF split from the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union (the senior coalition member since 2002) in 2003.
8. The SOP became a member of the government in 1998; the KSS was elected to the parliament for the first time in 2002.
9. For the argument see Paul G. Lewis, 'Party Funding in Post-Communist East-Central Europe', in Peter Burnell and Allan Ware (eds.), Funding Democratization (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998), p.150.
10. Author's interview with Braňo Ondruš, deputy chairman of the Party of Democratic Left, 2001.
11. Geoffrey Pridham, 'Transnational Party Links and Transition to Democracy: Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective', in Paul G. Lewis (ed.), Party Structure and Organization in East-Central Europe (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1996), p.201.
12. See Erik Láštic, 'Parties and Government in Slovakia: A Fatal Attraction?', in Ol'ga Gyarfášova' and Grigorij Mesezinikov (eds.), Party Government in Slovakia: Experience and Perspectives (Bratislava: Institute for Public Affairs, 2004), pp.101-12.
13. See Shaun Bowler, Elisabeth Carter and David M. Farrell, 'Changing Party Access to Elections', in Bruce E. Cain, Russell J. Dalton and Susan E. Scarrow (eds.), Democracy Transformed? Expanding Political Opportunities in Advanced Industrial Democracies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.81-101.
14. For a detailed discussion of the financial consequences of the change see Láštic, 'Parties and Government in Slovakia'.
15. According to a HZDS deputy the party voted against the proposal primarily because it was proposed by the government: See Zuzana Petková, 'Na stranícke účty dajú l'udia miliardu', Pravda (Bratislava), 5 Feb. 2005.
16. The creation of a new parliamentary party group in the period between elections requires approval by parliament; the new party group must consist of at least eight parliamentarians.
17. KDH was a founding member of the Slovak Democratic Coalition; however, owing to a new electoral law that effectively banned coalition of parties from taking part in the elections, the SDK was transformed into a new party and contested elections on behalf of the founding parties. The KDH parliamentary faction was restored in 2000 after its members left the SDK parliamentary party group.
18. See Petr Kopecký, 'Political Parties and the State in Post-Communist Europe: The Nature of Symbiosis', in this collection.
19. See Milan Cič and others, Komentár k Ú stave Slovenskej Republiky (Martin: Vydavatel'stvo Matice slovenskej, 1997).
20. See Informácia o predložení výročných finančných správ politických strán a politických hnutí za rok 1998: Materiál č. 256 (Bratislava: Národná Rada SR, June 1999).
21. See Zuzana Wienk, 'Financovanie politických stráń, in Emília Sičáková-Beblavá (ed.), Korupcia a protikorupčná politika na Slovensku (Bratislava: Transparency International Slovensko, 2005), pp.173-87.
22. See 'Strany si pridelili opät' viac peňazí', in SME, 5 Feb. 2005.
23. See Jon Pierre, Lars Svasand and Andreas Widfeldt, 'State Subsidies to Political Parties: Confronting Rethoric with Reality', West European Politics, Vol.23, No.3 (2000), pp.1-24.
24. See Wienk, 'Financovanie politických strán', p.184.
25. See Emília Sičáková-Beblavá and Daniela Zemanovičová, Politické strany a financie: tajomstvo alebo dôvera? (Bratislava: Transparency International Slovensko, 2002), esp. pp.23-8.
26. See Wolfgang C. Müller, 'Patronage by National Government', in Jean Blondel and Maurizio Cotta (eds.), The Nature of Party Government: A Comparative European Perspective (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000), pp.141-60.
27. See Connor O'Dwyer, 'Runaway State Building: How Political Parties Shape States in Postcommunist Eastern Europe', World Politics, Vol.56, July 2004, p.521.
28. Láŝtic, 'Parties and Government in Slovakia', p.108.
29. See Anna Grzymala-Busse and Pauline Jones Luong, 'Reconceptualizing the State: Lessons from Post-Communism', Politics and Society, Vol.30, No.4 (2002), pp.529-54.
30. See Anna Grzymala-Busse, Political Competition and the Politicization of the State in East Central Europe, Comparative Political Studies, Vol.36, No.10 (2003), pp.1123-47,
31. and O'Dwyer, 'Runaway State Building'.
32. O'Dwyer, 'Runaway State Building', pp.531-4.
33. See for example SDL0: Slovensko ohrozujú akčné pät'ký, SME, 17 Jan. 1995; Simko preĉítal v NR SR zoznam akĉných pätiek vládnej koalície', SME, 13 May 1995.
34. Viktor Niẑn̂ansky', Verejná správa', in Martin Bútora (ed.), Slovensko 1996: Súhrnná správa o stave spolocinosti a trendoch na rok 1997 (Bratislava: Insititút pre verejné otázky, 1997), pp.59-70.
35. Mária Ondruchová, Organizácia politických strán a hnutí na Slovensku (Bratislava: Inŝtitú t pre verejné otázky, 2000), p.52.
36. See Kn̂aẑko uskutoĉnil personálne zmeny a tvrdí, ẑe budú verejné konkurzy, HZDS hovorí o ĉistkách', SME, 6 Nov. 1998.
37. See 'Okresné úrady sú zruŝené, nahradia ich iné', SME, 15 Dec. 2003.
38. 'Koaliĉné strany si rozdelili úrady práce', Pravda (Bratislava), 30 July 2004.
39. O'Dwyer, 'Runaway State Building'.