Fern endemism and its correlates: Contribution from an elevational transect in Costa Rica

Diversity and Distributions

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 535-545

  Kluge, Jürgen ^a   Kessler, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Altitude; Costa Rica; Elevational transect; Endemism; Environmental factors; Pteridophytes; Topography

Indexed keywords

ELEVATION; ENDEMISM; FERN; HUMIDITY; MOUNTAIN; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; TRANSECT;

CENTRAL AMERICA; COSTA RICA;

FILICOPHYTA;

EID: 33747379516     PISSN: 13669516     EISSN: 14724642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00231.x     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Balslev, H. (1988) Distribution patterns of Ecuadorean plant species. Taxon, 37, 567-577.
2. Barrington, D.S. (1993) Ecological and historical factors in fern biogeography. Journal of Biogeography, 20, 275-280.
3. Baskin, J.M. & Baskin, G.G. (1988) Endemism in rock outcrop plant communities of unglaciated eastern United States: an evaluation of the roles of the edaphic, genetic and light factors. Journal of Biogeography, 15, 829-840.
4. Berry, P.E., Huber, O. & Holst, B.K. (1995) Floristic analysis and phytogeography. Flora of the Venezuelan guayana, 1 (ed. by P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst and K. Yatskievych), pp. 161-192. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri.
5. Blackburn, T.M. & Gaston, K.J. (1996) Spatial patterns in the geographic range sizes of bird species in the New World. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 351, 897-912.
6. Bock, C.E. & Ricklefs, R.E. (1983) Range size and local abundance of some North American songbirds: a positive correlation. The American Naturalist, 122, 295-299.
7. Borchsenius, F. (1997) Patterns of plant species endemism in Ecuador. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6, 379-399.
8. Brabb, E.E. & Harrod, B.L. (1989) Landslides: extent and economic significance. Balkema, Rotterdam.
9. Brooks, T.M., Mittermeier, T.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Da Fonseca, G.A.B., Rylands, A.B., Konstant, W.R., Flick, P., Pilgrim, J., Oldfield, S., Magin, G. & Hilton-Taylor, C. (2002) Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conservation Biology, 16, 909-923.
10. Brown, J.H. (1984) On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species. The American Naturalist, 124, 255-279.
11. Brown, J.H., Stevens, G.C. & Kaufmann, D.M. (1996) The geographic range: size, shape, boundaries, and internal structure. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 27, 597-623.
12. Colwell, R.K. & Lees, D.C. (2000) The mid-domain effect: geometric constraints on the geography of species richness. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15, 70-76.
13. Crisp, M.D., Laffan, S., Linder, H.P. & Monro, A. (2001) Endemism in the Australian flora. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 183-198.
14. Currie, D.J., Mittelbach, G.G., Cornell, H.V., Field, R., Guégan, J.-F., Hawkins, B.A., Kaufman, D.M., Kerr, J.T., Oberdorff, T., O'Brien, E. & Turner, J.R.G. (2004) Predictions and tests of climate-based hypotheses of broad-scale variation in taxonomic richness. Ecology Letters, 7, 1121-1134.
15. Delaney, M., Brown, S., Lugo, A.E., Torres-Lezama, A. & Bello Quintero, N. (1998) The quantity and turnover of dead wood in permanent forest plots in six life zones of Venezuela. Biotropica, 30, 2-11.
16. Dynesius, M. & Jansson, R. (2000) Evolutionary consequences of changes in species-geographical distributions driven by Milankovitch climate oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 97, 9115-9120.
17. Fjeldsa, J. (1994) Geographical patterns for relict and young species of birds in Africa and South America and implications for conservation priorities. Biodiversity and Conservation, 3, 207-226.
18. Fjeldsa, J. & Lovett, J.C. (1997a) Geographical patterns of old and young species in African forest biota: the significance of specific montane areas as evolutionary centres. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6, 325-346.
19. Fjeldsa, J. & Lovett, J.C. (1997b) Biodiversity and environmental stability. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6, 315-322.
20. Frahm, J.-P. & Gradstein, S.R. (1991) An altitudinal zonation of tropical rain forests using bryophytes. Journal of Biogeography, 18, 669-678.
21. Gaston, K.J. (1994) Rarity. Chapman & Hall, London.
22. Gaston, K.J. (1996) Species-range-size distributions: patterns, mechanisms and implications. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 197-201.
23. Gentry, A.H. (1986) Endemism in tropical versus temperate plant communities. Conservation biology. The science of scarcity and diversity (ed. by M.A. Soulé), pp. 153-118. 1 Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
24. Given, D.R. (1993) Changing aspects of endemism and endargerment in pteridophyta. Journal of Biogeography, 20, 293-302.
25. Gradstein, S.R., Nadkarni, N.M., Krömer, T., Holz, I. & Nöske, N. (2003) A protocol for rapid and representative sampling of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte diversity of tropical rain forests. Selbyana, 24, 105-111.
26. Gradstein, S.R., van Reenen, G.B.A. & Griffin,D. III (1989) Species richness and origin of the bryophyte flora of the Colombian Andes. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 38, 439-448.
27. Graves, G.R. (1985) Elevational correlates of speciation and interspecific variation in plumage in Andean forest birds. The Auk, 102, 556-579.
28. Graves, G.R. (1988) Linearity of geographical range and its possible effect on the population structure of Andean birds. The Auk, 105, 47-52.
29. Green, J.L. & Ostling, A. (2003) Endemics-area relationships: the influence of species and spatial aggregation. Ecology, 84, 3090-3097.
30. Grime, J.P. (1985) Factors limiting the contribution of pteridophytes to a local flora. Proceedings of the Royal Society London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 86, 403-421.
31. Hawkins, B.A., Diniz-Filho, J.A.F. & Soeller, S.A. (2005) Water links the historical and contemporary components of the Australian bird diversity gradient. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 1035-1042.
32. Heaney, A. & Proctor, J. (1990) Preliminary studies on forest structure on Volcan Barva, Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 6, 307-320.
33. Hedberg, O. (1969) Evolution and speciation in a tropical mountain flora. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 1, 135-148.
34. Hedberg, O. (1992) Afroalpine vegetation compared to páramo: Convergent adaptations and divergent differentiation. Páramo: an Andean ecosystem under human influence (ed. by H. Balslev and J.L. Luteyn), pp. 15-29. Academic Press, London.
35. Herrera-McBryde, O. (1997) Braulio Carrillo - La Selva Region, Costa Rica. Centres of plant diversity. A guide and strategy for their conservation. Vol. 3 The Americas (ed. by S.D. Davis, V.H. Heywood, O. Herrera-Mcbryde, J. Villa-Lobos and A.C. Hamilton), pp. 203-208. IUCN-Publishers Unit, Cambridge, UK.
36. Holdridge, L.R. (1967) Life zone ecology. Tropical Science Center San José, Costa Rica.
37. Hooghiemstra, H. & van der Hammen, T. (2004) Quaternary Ice-Age dynamics in the Colombian Andes: developing an understanding of our legacy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London. B: Series B: Biological Sciences, 359, 173-181.
38. Ibisch, P.L., Boegner, A., Nieder, J. & Barthlott, W. (1996) How diverse are neotropical epiphytes? An analysis based on the 'Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru'. Ecotropica, 1, 13-28.
39. Jetz, W., Rahbek, C. & Colwell, R.K. (2004) The coincidence of rarity and richness and the potential signature of history in centres of endemism. Ecology Letters, 7, 1180-1191.
40. Kappelle, M., Cleef, A.M. & Chaverri, A. (1989) Phytosociology of montane Chusquea-Quercus forests, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Brenesia, 32, 73-105.
41. Kessler, M. (1999) Plant species richness and endemism during natural landslide succession in a perhumid montane forest in the Bolivian Andes. Ecotropica, 5, 123-136.
42. Kessler, M. (2000) Elevational gradients in species richness and endemism of selected plant groups in the central Bolivian Andes. Plant Ecology, 149, 181-193.
43. Kessler, M. (2001a) Maximum plant community endemism at intermediate intensities of anthropogenic disturbance in Bolivian montane forests. Conservation Biology, 15, 634-641.
44. Kessler, M. (2001b) Patterns of diversity and range size of selected plant groups along an elevational transect in the Bolivian Andes. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10, 1897-1921.
45. Kessler, M. (2002a) Range size and its ecological correlates among the pteridophytes of Carrasco National Park, Bolivia. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 11, 89-102.
46. Kessler, M. (2002b) The elevational gradient of Andean plant endemism: varying influences of taxon-specific traits and topography at different taxonomic levels. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1159-1166.
47. Kessler, M. & Bach, K. (1999) Using indicator groups for vegetation classification in species-rich Neotropical forests. Phytocoenologia, 29, 485-502.
48. Kessler, M., Herzog, S.K., Fjeldsa, J. & Bach, K. (2001) Species richness and endemism of plant and bird communities along two gradients of elevation, humidity, and land use in the Bolivian Andes. Diversity and Distribution, 7, 61-77.
49. Kluge, J., Kessler, M. & Dunn, R.R. (in press) What drives elevational patterns of diversity? A test of geometric constraints, climate, and species pool effects for pteridophytes on an elevational gradient in Costa Rica. Global Ecology and Biogeography.
50. Körner, C. (2000) Why are there global gradients in species richness? Mountains might hold the answer. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15, 513-514.
51. Kruckeberg, A.R. & Rabinovitz, D. (1985) Biological aspects of endemism in higher plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 16, 447-479.
52. Laffan, S.W. & Crisp, M.D. (2003) Assessing endemism at multiple spatial scales, with an example from the Australian vascular flora. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 511-520.
53. Laurie, H. & Silander, J.A. (2002) Geometric constraints and spatial pattern of species richness: critique of range-based null models. Diversity and Distribution, 8, 351-364.
54. León, B. & Young, K.R. (1996) Distribution of pteridophyte diversity and endemism in Peru. Pteridology in Perspective (ed. by J.M. Camus, M. Gibby and R.J. Johns), pp. 77-91. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, UK.
55. Lomolino, M.V. (2001) Elevation gradients of species-density: historical and prospective views. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 10, 3-13.
56. Long, A. (1994) The importance of tropical montane cloud forests for endemic and threatened birds. Tropical montane cloud forests (ed. by L.S. Hamilton, J.O. Juvik and F.N. Scatena), pp. 79-106. Springer, New York.
57. Major, J. (1988) Endemism: a botanical perspective. Analytical biogeography (ed. by A.A. Myers and P.S. Giller), pp. 117-146. Chapman & Hall, New York.
58. Moran, R.C. (1995) The importance of mountains to pteridophytes, with emphasis on Neotropical montane forest. Biodiversity and conservation of neotropical montane forests (ed. by S.P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero and J.L. Luteyn), pp. 359-363. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
59. Moran, R.C. (1996) The importance of the Andes as a barrier to migration, as illustrated by the pteridophytes of the Chocó phytogeographic region. Pteridology in perspective (ed. by J.M. Camus, M. Gibby and R.J. Johns), p. 75. Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, UK.
60. Moran, R.C. & Riba, R. (1995) Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1. Psilotaceae a Salviniaceae. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
61. Morton, J.K. (1972) Phytogeography of the West African mountains. Taxonomy, phytogeography and evolution (ed. by D.H. Valentine), pp. 221-236. Academic Press, London.
62. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Da Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853-858.
63. Pimm, S.L., Russel, G.J., Gittleman, J.L. & Brooks, T.M. (1995) The future of biodiversity. Science, 269, 347-350.
64. Pringle, C.M. (1988) History of conservation effects and initial exploration of the lower extensions of Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Costa Rica. Tropical rainforests: diversity and conservation (ed. by F. Almenda and C.M. Pringle), pp. 225-241, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas.
65. Pringle, C.M., Chacon, I., Grayum, M.H., Greene, H.W., Hartshorn, G.S., Schatz, G.E., Stiles, F.G., Gòmez, C. & Rodrìguez, M. (1984) Natural history observations and ecological evaluation of the La Selva Protection Zone, Costa Rica. Brenesia, 22, 189-206.
66. Rahbek, C. (1997) The relationship among area, elevation, and regional species richness in Neotropical birds. The American Naturalist, 149, 875-902.
67. Rahbek, C. (2005) The role of spatial scale and the perception of large-scale species-richness patterns. Ecology Letters, 8, 224-239.
68. Rahbek, C. & Graves, G.R. (2001) Multiscale assessment of patterns of avian species richness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98, 4534-4539.
69. Roos, M.C., Kessler, P.J.A., Gradstein, S.R. & Baas, P. (2004) Species diversity and endemism of five major Malesian islands: diversity-area relationships. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 1893-1908.
70. Sklenàr, P. & Jørgensen, P.M. (1999) Distribution patterns of páramo plants in Ecuador. Journal of Biogeography, 26, 681-691.
71. Stevens, G.C. (1989) The latitudinal gradient in geographical range: how so many species coexist in the tropics. The American Naturalist, 133, 240-256.
72. Van der Werff, H. & Consiglio, T. (2004) Distribution and conservation significance of endemic species of flowering plants in Peru. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13, 1699-1713.
73. Williams, P.H. (2000) Some properties of rarity scores for site-quality assessment. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History, 13, 73-86.
74. Williams, P.H., Lees, D., Araújo, M., Humphries, C.J., Vane-Wright, R.I. & Kitching, I.J. (2002) Biodiversity and worldmap. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/science/projects/worldmap/index.html (accessed June 2005).
75. Willig, M.R., Kaufman, D.M. & Stevens, R.D. (2003) Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution Systematics, 34, 273-309.
76. Wiser, S.K., Peet, R.K. & White, P.S. (1996) High-elevation rock outcrop vegetation of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Journal of Vegetation Science, 7, 703-722.
77. Wolf, J.H.D. (1993) Diversity patterns and biomass of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens along an altitudinal gradient in the northern Andes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 80, 928-960.