Captive female gorilla agonistic relationships with clumped defendable food resources

Primates

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 199-209

  Scott, Jennifer ^a   Lockard, Joan S ^b  

^a WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Agonistic relationships; Clumped food resources; Competition; Female gorilla

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; GORILLA GORILLA; GORILLA GORILLA BERINGEI; GORILLA GORILLA GORILLA; PRIMATES;

AGGRESSION; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; GORILLA; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL DOMINANCE;

AGGRESSION; ANIMALS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; GORILLA GORILLA; SOCIAL DOMINANCE;

EID: 33747347055     PISSN: 00328332     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10329-005-0167-3     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Altmann J (1974) Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 48:1-41
2. Appleby MC (1983) The probability of linearity in hierarchies. Anim Behav 31:600-608
3. Aspinall J (1980) The husbandry of gorillas in captivity. J Reprod Fertil 28:71-77
4. Bygott D (1979) Agonistic behaviour, dominance, and social structure in wild chimpanzees of the Gombe National Park. In: Hamburg DA, McCown ER (eds) The great apes. BenjaminCummings, Menlo Park, pp 405-427
5. Chapman CA, White FJ, Wrangham RW (1994) Party size in chimpanzees and bonobos. In: Wrangham RW, McGrew WC, de Waal FBM, Heltne PG (eds) Chimpanzee cultures. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 41-58
6. Dietz EJ (1983) Permutation tests for association between two distance matrices. Syst Zool 32:21-26
7. Doran DM, Mcneilage A (1998) Gorilla ecology and behavior. Evol Anthropol 6:120-131
8. Doran DM, Mcneilage A (2001) Subspecific variation in gorilla behavior: the influence of ecological and social factors. In: Robbins MM, Sicotte P, Stewart KJ (eds) Mountain gorillas. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 123-149
9. Fischer RB, Nadler RD (1977) Status interactions of captive female lowland gorillas. Folia Primatol 28:122-133
10. Goldsmith ML (1999) Ecological constraints on the foraging effort of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at Bai Hokou, Central African Republic. Int J Primatol 20:1-23
11. Goodall J (1986) The chimpanzees of Gombe. Patterns of behavior. Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
12. Harcourt AH, Stewart KS (1987) The influence of help in contest on dominance rank in primates: hints from gorillas. Anim Behav 35:182-190
13. Harcourt AH, Stewart KS, Fossey D (1981) Gorilla reproduction in the wild. In: Graham C (ed) Reproductive biology of the great apes. Academic, New York London Toronto Sydney San Francisco, pp 265-279
14. Harcourt AH, Stewart KJ, Hauser M (1993) Functions of wild gorilla "close" calls. I. Repetoire, context, and interspecific comparison. Behaviour 124:89-122
15. Hausfater G (1975) Dominance and reproduction in baboons (Papio cynocephalus): a quantitative analysis. Contributions to primatology. Karger, Basel
16. Hemelrijk CK (1990) Models of, and tests for, reciprocity, unidirectionality and other social interaction patterns at group level. Anim Behav 39:1013-1029
17. Hubert LJ (1978) Generalized proximity function comparisons. Br J Math Stat Psychol 31:179-192
18. Kawai M (1960) A field experiment on the process of group formation in the Japanese monkey. Primates 2:181-253
19. KOENIG A (2002) Competition for resources and its behavioral consequences among female primates. Int J Primatol 23:759783
20. Koenig A, Beise J, Chalise MK, Ganzhorn JU (1998) When females should contest for foodtesting hypotheses about resource density, distribution, size, and quality with Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 42:225-237
21. Kuroda S, Nishihara T, Suzuki S, Oko RA (1996) Sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in the Ndoki Forest, Congo. In: McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Nishida T (eds) Great ape societies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 71-81
22. Lockard JS (1976) Small interval timer for observational studies. Behav Res Methods Intsrum 8:478
23. Lockard JS, Goyal C (2005) A comprehensive ethogram for the longitudinal study of captive gorillas. In: Lockard LS, Kirkevold BC (eds) Western lowland gorillas: a captive study. University of Washington Press, Seattle (in press)
24. Mantel N (1967) The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27:209-220
25. Mendl M, Zanella AJ, Broom DM (1992) Physiological and reproductive correlates of behavioral strategies in female domestic pigs. Anim Behav 44:1107-1121
26. Nishida T (1979) The social structure of chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. In: Hamburg DA, McCown ER (eds) The great apes. Benjamin-Cummings, Menlo Park, pp 73-119
27. Nishida T (1989) Social interactions between resident and immigrant female chimpanzees. In: Heltne PG, Marquardt LA (eds) Understanding chimpanzees. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, London, pp 68-69
28. Pusey A (1980) Inbreeding avoidance in chimpanzees. Anim Behav 28:543-552
29. Remis MJ (1995) Effects of body size and social context on the arboreal activities of lowland gorillas in the Central African Republic. Am J Phys Anthropol 97:413-433
30. Remis MJ (1997) Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) as seasonal frugivores: use of variable resources. Am J Primatol 43:87-109
31. van Schaik CP (1983) Why are diurnal primates living in groups? Behaviour 87:120-144
32. van Schaik CP (1989) The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates. In: Standen V, Foley R (eds) Comparative ecology: the behavioural ecology of humans, other mammals. Blackwell, Boston, pp 195-218
33. Schaller GB (1963) The Mountain Gorilla. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, London
34. Scott JA (1997) Female competition and dominance hierarchies among three captive groups of western lowland gorillas. PhD thesis, University of Washington
35. Scott JA, Lockard JS (1999) Female dominance relationships among captive western lowland gorillas: comparisons with the wild. Behaviour 136:1283-1310
36. Sterck EHM, Watts DP, Van Schaik CP (1997) The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 41:291-309
37. Stewart KJ, Harcourt AH (1987) Gorillas: variation in female relationships. In: Smuts B, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT (eds) Primate societies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, London, pp 155-164
38. Stoinski TS, Kuhar CW, Lucas KE, Maple TL (2004) Social dynamics of captive western lowland gorillas living in all-male groups. Behaviour 141:169-195
39. Stokes EJ (2004) Within-group social relationships among females and adult males in wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Am J Primatol 64:233-246
40. Tutin CEG (1996) Ranging and social structure of lowland gorillas in the Lope Reserve, Gabon. In: McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Nishida T (eds) Great ape societies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 58-70
41. de Waal FBM (1977) The organization of agonistic relationships within two captive groups of Java-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Zeit Tierpsychol 44:225-282
42. de Waal FBM (1984) Sex differences in the formations of coalitions in chimpanzees. Ethol Sociobiol 5:239-255
43. de Waal FBM, van Hoof JARAM (1981) Side-directed communication and agonistic interactions in chimpanzees. Behaviour 77:164-198
44. Watts DP (1985) Relations between group size and composition and feeding competition in mountain gorilla groups. Anim Behav 33:72-85
45. Watts DP (1989) Infanticide in mountain gorillas: new cases and a reconsideration of the evidence. Ethology 81:1-18
46. Watts DP (1990) Ecology of gorillas and its relation to female transfer in mountain gorillas. Int J Primatol 11:21-45
47. Watts DP (1991) Harassment of immigrant female mountain gorillas by resident females. Ethology 89:135-153
48. Watts DP (1994a) Agonistic relationships between female mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei). Behav Ecol 34:347-358
49. Watts DP (1994b) Social relationships of immigrant and resident female mountain gorillas, II: relatedness, residence, and relationships between females. Am J Primatol 32:13-30
50. Watts DP (1997) Agonistic interventions in wild mountain gorilla groups. Behaviour 134:23-57
51. Williamson EA, Tutin CEG, Rogers ME, Fernandez M (1990) Composition of the diet of lowland gorillas at Lope in Gabon. Am J Primatol 21:265-277
52. Wrangham RW (1980) An ecological model of female-bonded primate groups. Behaviour 75:262-299
53. Yamagiwa J (1983) Diachronic changes in two eastern lowland gorilla groups (Gorilla gorilla graueri) in the Mt. Kahuzi Region, Zaire. Primates 24:174-183