Comparison of aerially-applied Gypchek strains against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in the presence of an Entomophaga maimaiga epizootic

Journal of Entomological Science

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 446-460

  Webb, R E ^a   White, G B ^a   Podgwaite, J D ^a,b   D'Amico, V ^a,b,d   Slavicek, J ^b   Swearingen, J ^c   Onken, B ^b   Thorpe, K W ^a  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^b USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

^c NATIONAL PARK SERVICE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

Author keywords

Baculovirus; Biological control; Entomopathogenic fungus; Entomophaga maimaiga; Gypchek strains; Gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar

Indexed keywords

ENTOMOPHAGA MAIMAIGA; LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIA DISPAR; LYMANTRIA DISPAR MNPV; LYMANTRIIDAE; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS;

EID: 33747194069     PISSN: 07498004     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.18474/0749-8004-40.4.446     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Anderson, R. M. and R. M. May. 1981. The population dynamics of microparasites and their invertebrate hosts. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 291: 451-524.
2. Andreadis, T. G. and R. M. Weseloh. 1990. Discovery of Entomophaga maimaiga in North American gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 2461-2465.
3. Bell, R. A., C. D. Owens, M. Shapiro and J. G. R. Tardif. 1981. Development of mass rearing technology, Pp. 599-633. In C. C. Doane and M. L. McManus [eds.], The gypsy moth: research toward integrated pest management. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 1584.
4. Dwyer, G. and J. S. Elkinton. 1993. Using simple models to predict virus epizootics in gypsy moth populations. J. Anim. Ecol. 62: 1-11.
5. Glaser, R. W. 1915. Wilt of gipsy moth caterpillars. J. Agric. Res. 4: 101-128.
6. Hajek, A. E. 1997a. Entomophaga maimaiga reproductive output is determined by the spore type initiating the infection. Mycol. Res. 101: 971-974.
7. 1997b. Fungal and viral epizootics in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations in central New York. Biol. Control 10: 58-68.
8. 1999. Pathology and epizootiology of Entomophaga maimaiga infections in forest Lepidoptera. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 1999: 814-835.
9. Hajek, A. E. and R. A. Humber. 1998. Formation and germination of Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores. Can. J. Bot. 75: 1739-1745.
10. Hajek, A. E., R. A. Humber, J. S. Elkinton, B. May, S. R. A. Walsh and J. C. Silver. 1990. Allozyme and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis confirm Entomophaga maimaiga responsible for 1989 epizootics in North American gypsy moth populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 6979-6982.
11. Hajek, A. E., T. S. Larkin, R. I. Carruthers and R. S. Soper. 1993. Modeling the dynamics of Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) epizootics in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations. Environ. Entomol. 22: 1172-1187.
12. Hajek, A. E. and D. W. Roberts. 1992. Field diagnosis of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larval mortality caused by Entomophaga maimaiga and the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Environ. Entomol. 21: 706-713.
13. Hajek, A. E. and M. Shumazu. 1996. Types of spores produced by Entomophaga maimaiga infecting the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Can. J. Bot. 74: 708-715.
14. Liebhold, A., K. Thorpe, J. Ghent and D. B. Lyons. 1994. Gypsy moth egg mass sampling for decision-making: a users' guide. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Northeastern Area, Southern Region, NA-TP-04-94.
15. Malakar, R., J. S. Elkinton, S. D. Carroll and V. D'Amico. 1999a. Interactions between two gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pathogens: nucleopolyhedrosis virus and Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales): Field studies and a simulation model. Biol. Control 16: 189-198.
16. Malakar, R., J. S. Elkinton, A. E. Hajek and J. P. Burand. 1999b. Within-host interactions of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrosis virus and Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 73: 91-100.
17. Onstad, D. W. 1993. Thresholds and density dependence: the roles of pathogen and insect densities in disease dynamics. Biol. Control 3: 353-356.
18. Podgwaite, J. D., R. C. Reardon, G. S. Walton, L. Venables and D. M. Kolodny Hirsch. 1992a. Effects of aerially applied Gypchek on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations in Maryland woodlots. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 1136-1139.
19. Podgwaite, J. D., R. C. Reardon, G. S. Walton and J. Witcosky. 1992b. Efficacy of aerially applied Gypchek against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in the Appalachian highlands. J. Entomol. Sci. 27: 337-344.
20. Podgwaite, J. D., N. R. Dubois, R. C. Reardon and J. Witcosky. 1993. Retarding outbreak of low-density gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations with aerial applications of Gypchek and Bacillus thuringiensis. J. Econ. Entomol. 86: 730-734.
21. Podgwaite, J., R. Webb, J. Slavicek, K. Thorpe, V. D'Amico, B. Onken, R. Reardon, R. Fuester, J. Swearingen, R. Peiffer and M. Valenti. Improving Gypchek: Field evaluations of LdNPV-203. Proc. 2003 Ann. Gypsy Moth Rev., Grand Rapids, MI, Nov. 3-6, 2003. In Press.
22. SAS Institute. 1989-1996. SAS version 6.12. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
23. Shapiro, M., H. F. Preisler and J. L. Robertson. 1987. Enhancement of baculovirus activity on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) by chitinase. J. Econ. Entomol. 80: 1113-1116.
24. Volkman, L. E. and B. A. Keddie. 1990. Nuclear polyhedrosis pathogenesis. Semin. Virol. 1: 249-256.
25. Webb, R. E., M. W. Bair, G. B. White and K. W. Thorpe. 2004a. Expression of Entomophaga maimaiga at several gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) population densities and the effect of supplemental watering. J. Entomol. Sci. 39: 223-234.
26. Webb, R. E., M. Shapiro, J. D. Podgwaite, R. L. Ridgway, L. Venables, G. B. White, R. J. Argauer, D. L. Cohen, J. Witcosky, K. M. Kester and K. W. Thorpe. 1994. The effect of optical brighteners on the efficacy of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus in forest plots with high or low levels of natural virus. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 134-143.
27. Webb, R. E., K. W. Thorpe, J. D. Podgwaite, R. C. Reardon, G. B. White and S. E. Talley. 1999a. Field evaluation of Gypchek (a nuclear polyhedrosis virus product) against the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 34: 72-83.
28. 1999b. Efficacy of Gypchek against the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), and residual effects in the year following treatment. J. Entomol. Sci. 34: 404-414.
29. Webb, R. E., G. B. White, K. W. Thorpe and S. E. Talley. 1999c. Quantitative analysis of a pathogen-induced premature collapse of a "leading edge" gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) population near Lexington, Virginia. J. Entomol. Sci. 34: 84-100.
30. Webb, R. E., G. B. White, T. Sukontarak, J. D. Podgwaite, D. Schumacher, A. Diss and R. C. Reardon. 2004b. Biological efficacy of Gypchek against a low- density leading-edge gypsy moth population. North. J. Appl. For. 21: 144-149.
31. Whiteman, R.L. and K. Felton. 2003. Gypsy moth suppression project summary at Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Goddard Space flight Center, James J. Rowley Training Center, Baltimore-Washington Parkway, Greenbelt Park, National Plant Germplasm and Biotechnology Lab, National Plant Materials Center, Patuxent Research Refuge, Catoctin Mountain Park, Monocacy National Battlefield. April-May, 2003. Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV.
32. Wieber, A. M., R. E. Webb, R. L. Ridgway, K. W. Thorpe, R. C. Reardon, D. M. Kolodny Hirsch and K. M. Tatman. 1995. Effect of seasonal placement of Cotesia melanoscela (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on its potential for effective augmentative release against Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Entomophaga 40: 281-292.
33. Woods, S. and J. S. Elkinton. 1987. Bimodal patterns of mortality from nuclear polyhedrosis virus in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 50: 151-157.