Anti-inflammatory properties of Type I interferons

Antiviral Research

Volumn 71, Issue 2-3 SPEC. ISS., 2006, Pages 108-116

  Billiau, Alfons ^a  

^a REGA INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Inflammation; Interferon

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; GAMMA INTERFERON; GELATINASE B; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; LAMIVUDINE; REBETRON; RECOMBINANT ALPHA INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT BETA INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; RECOMBINANT INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 4; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1;

ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTHRITIS; DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY; DENDRITIC CELL; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG POTENCY; GRAFT REJECTION; HEMATOPOIESIS; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOREGULATION; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY; T LYMPHOCYTE; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS VIRULENCE;

ANIMALS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INTERFERON TYPE I; MICE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; VIRUS DISEASES;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33747115709     PISSN: 01663542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.03.006     Document Type: Short Survey

References (86)

1. Abreu S.L. Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by interferon. Immunol. Commun. 11 (1982) 1-7
2. Abreu S.L., Tondreau J., Levine S., and Sowinski R. Inhibition of passive localized experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by interferon. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 72 (1983) 30-33
3. Abu-khabar K.S., Armstrong J.A., and Ho M. Type I interferons (IFN-α and -β) suppress cytotoxin (tumor necrosis factor-α and lymphotoxin) production by mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Leukocyte Biol. 52 (1992) 165-172
4. Avolio C., Filippi M., Tortorella C., Rocca M.A., Ruggieri M., Agosta F., Tomassini V., Pozzilli C., Stecchi S., Giaquinto P., Livrea P., and Trojano M. Serum MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios in multiple sclerosis: relationships with different magnetic resonance imaging measures of disease activity during IFN-beta-1a treatment. Mult. Scler. 11 (2005) 441-446
5. Azzaroli F., Accogli E., Nigro G., Trere D., Giovanelli S., Miracolo A., Lodato F., Montagnani M., Tame M., Colecchia A., Mwangemi C., Festi D., Roda E., Derenzini M., and Mazzella G. Interferon plus ribavirin and interferon alone in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study on patients with HCV related cirrhosis. World J. Gastroenterol. 10 (2004) 3099-3102
6. Bartholomé E.J., Van Aelst I., Koyen E., Kiss R., Willems F., Goldman M., and Opdenakker G. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells produce bioactive gelatinase B: Inhibition by IFN-β. J. Interf. Cytok. Res. 21 (2001) 495-501
7. Billiau A., Heremans H., Vandekerckhove F., Dijkmans R., Sobis H., Meulepas E., and Carton H. Enhancement of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice by antibodies against IFN-γ. J. Immunol. 140 (1988) 1506-1510
8. Billiau A., and Vandekerckhove F. Cytokines and their interactions with other inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 21 (1991) 559-573
9. Calabresi P.A., Pelfrey C.M., Tranquill L.R., Maloni H., and McFarland H.F. VLA-4 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes is downregulated after treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon β. Neurology 49 (1997) 1111-1116
10. Calabresi P.A., Prat A., Biernacki K., Rollins J., and Antel J.P. T lymphocytes conditioned with Interferon beta induce membrane and soluble VCAM on human brain endothelial cells. J. Neuroimmunol. 115 (2001) 161-167
11. Calabresi P.A., Tranquill L.R., Dambrosia J.M., Stone L.A., Maloni H., Bash C.N., Frank J.A., and McFarland H.F. Increases in soluble VCAM-1 correlate with a decrease in MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis treated with interferon beta-1b. Ann. Neurol. 41 (1997) 669-674
12. Camma C., Giunta M., Andreone P., and Craxi A. Interferon and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in viral cirrhosis: an evidence-based approach. J. Hepatol. 34 (2001) 593-602
13. Carbonneil C., Aouba A., Burgard M., Cardinaud S., Rouzioux C., Langlade-Demoyen P., and Weiss L. Dendritic cells generated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IFN-alpha are potent inducers of HIV-specific CD8 T cells. AIDS 17 (2003) 1731-1740
14. Carotenuto P., van Riel D., Artsen A., Bruijns S., Uytdehaag F.G., Laman J.D., van Nunen A.B., Zondervan P.E., De Man R.A., Osterhaus A.D., and Pontesilli O. Antiviral treatment with alpha interferon up-regulates CD14 on liver macrophages and its soluble form in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49 (2005) 590-599
15. Chan A., Seguin R., Magnus T., Papadimitriou C., Toyka K.V., Antel J.P., and Gold R. Phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory cells by microglia and its therapeutic implications: termination of CNS autoimmune inflammation and modulation by interferon-beta. Glia 43 (2003) 231-242
16. Corsini E., Gelati M., Dufour A., Massa G., Nespolo A., Ciusani E., Milanese C., La Mantia L., and Salmaggi A. Effects of beta-IFN-1b treatment in MS patients on adhesion between PBMNCs, HUVECs and MS-HBECs: an in vivo and in vitro study. J. Neuroimmunol. 79 (1997) 76-83
17. Cuzner M.L., and Opdenakker G. Plasminogen activators and matrix metalloproteases, mediators of extracellular proteolysis in inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system. J. Neuroimmunol. 94 (1999) 1-14
18. De Maeyer E. Interferon and delayed-type hypersensitivity to a viral antigen. J. Infect. Dis. 133 (1976) A63-A65
19. De Maeyer E., and De Maeyer-Guignard J. Immuno-modulating properties of interferons. Phil. Trans. R, Soc. Lond. 299 (1982) 70-80
20. De Maeyer E.J., De Maeyer-Guignard J., and Vandeputte M. Inhibition by interferon of delayed-type hypersensitivity in he mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72 (1975) 1753-1757
21. De Somer P., Edy V.G., and Billiau A. Interferon-induced skin reactivity in man. Lancet ii (1977) 47-48
22. Defazio G., Gelati M., Corsini E., Nico B., Dufour A., Massa G., and Salmaggi A. In vitro modulation of adhesion molecules, adhesion phenomena, and fluid phase endocytosis on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and brain-derived microvascular endothelium by IFN-beta 1a. J. Interf. Cytok. Res. 21 (2001) 267-272
23. Defazio G., Livrea P., Giorelli M., Martino D., Roselli F., Ricchiuti F., and Trojano M. Interferon beta-1a downregulates TNFalpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression on brain microvascular endothelial cells through a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway. Brain Res. 881 (2000) 227-230
24. Detournay O., Mazouz N., Goldman M., and Toungouz M. IL-6 produced by Type I IFN DC controls IFN-gamma production by regulating the suppressive effect of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. Hum. Immunol. 66 (2005) 460-468
25. Devajyothi C., Kalvakolanu I., Babcock G.T., Vasavada H.A., Howe P.H., and Ransohoff R.M. Inhibition of interferon-gamma-induced major histocompatibility complex class II gene transcription by interferon-beta and type beta 1 transforming growth factor in human astrocytoma cells. Definition of cis-element. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 18794-18800
26. Dubois B., Leary S.M., Nelissen I., Opdenakker G., Giovannoni G., and Thompson A.J. Serum gelatinase B/MMP-9 in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta-1a. J. Neurol. 250 (2003) 1037-1043
27. Galboiz Y., Shapiro S., Lahat N., Rawashdeh H., and Miller A. Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors as markers of disease subtype and response to interferon-β therapy in relapsing and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Ann. Neurol. 50 (2001) 443-451
28. Giannelli G., De Marzo A., Scagnolari C., Bergamini C., Fransvea E., Bagnato F., Bellomi F., Millefiorini E., Gasperini C., Antonaci S., and Antonelli G. Proteolytic balance in patients with multiple sclerosis during interferon treatment. J. Interf. Cytok. Res. 22 (2002) 689-692
29. Gilli F., Bertolotto A., Sala A., Hoffmann F., Capobianco M., Malucchi S., Glass T., Kappos L., Lindberg R.L., and Leppert D. Neutralizing antibodies against IFN-beta in multiple sclerosis: antagonization of IFN-beta mediated suppression of MMPs. Brain 127 (2004) 259-268
30. Gresser I., De Maeyer-Guignard J., Tovey M.G., and De Maeyer E. Electrophoretically pure mouse interferon exerts multiple biological effects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76 (1979) 5308-5312
31. Gveric D., Hanemaaijer R., Newcombe J., van Lent N.A., Sier C.F., and Cuzner M.L. Plasminogen activators in multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the inflammatory response and axonal damage. Brain 124 (2001) 1978-1988
32. Heremans H., Billiau A., Coutelier J.P., and De Somer P. The inhibition of endotoxin-induced local inflammation by LDH virus or LDH virus-infected tumors is mediated by interferon. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 185 (1987) 6-15
33. Heremans H., Dijkmans R., Sobis H., Vandekerckhove F., and Billiau A. Regulation by interferons of the local inflammatory response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J. Immunol. 138 (1987) 4175-4179
34. Hertz F., and Degheni R. Effect of rat and β-human interferons on hyperacute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. Agents Actions 16 (1985) 397-403
35. Hirsch M.S., Ellis D.A., Black P.H., Monaco A.P., and Wood K.L. Immunosuppressive effects of interferon in vitro. Transplantation 17 (1974) 234-236
36. Huang K.J., Su I.J., Theron M., Wu Y.C., Lai S.K., Liu C.C., and Lei H.Y. An interferon-gamma-related cytokine storm in SARS patients. J. Med. Virol. 75 (2005) 185-194
37. Huang Y., Blatt L.M., and Taylor M.W. Type 1 interferon as an antiinflammatory agent: inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1 beta and induction of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. J. Interf. Cytok. Res. 15 (1995) 317-321
38. Inada T., and Mims C.A. Infection of mice with lactic dehydrogenase virus prevents development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroimmunol. 11 (1986) 53-56
39. Karabudak R., Kurne A., Guc D., Sengelen M., Canpinar H., and Kansu E. Effect of interferon beta-1a on serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients. One year follow-up results. J. Neurol. 251 (2004) 279-283
40. Koltai M., and Mecs I. Inhibition of the acute inflammatory response by interferon and interferon inducers. Nature 242 (1973) 525-526
41. Kouwenhoven M., Ozenci V., Tjernlund A., Pashenkov M., Homman M., Press R., and Link H. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells express and secrete matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and their inhibitors and are imbalanced in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 126 (2002) 161-171
42. Lau G.K., Piratvisuth T., Luo K.X., Marcellin P., Thongsawat S., Cooksley G., Gane E., Fried M.W., Chow W.C., Paik S.W., Chang W.Y., Berg T., Flisiak R., McCloud P., and Pluck N. Peginterferon Alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N. Engl. J. Med. 352 (2005) 2682-2695
43. Law H.K., Cheung C.Y., Ng H.Y., Sia S.F., Chan Y.O., Luk W., Nicholls J.M., Peiris J.S., and Lau Y.L. Chemokine up-regulation in SARS-coronavirus-infected, monocyte-derived human dendritic cells. Blood 106 (2005) 2366-2374
44. Liuzzi G.M., Trojano M., Fanelli M., Avolio C., Fasano A., Livrea P., and Riccio P. Intrathecal synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with multiple sclerosis: implication for pathogenesis. Mult. Scler. 8 (2002) 222-228
45. Magnus T., Chan A., Grauer O., Toyka K.V., and Gold R. Microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory T cells leads to down-regulation of microglial immune activation. J. Immunol. 167 (2001) 5004-5010
46. Matthys P., Vermeire K., Heremans H., and Billiau A. The protective effect of IFN-γ in experimental autoimmune diseases: a central role of mycobacterial adjuvant-induced myelopoiesis. J. Leukocyte Biol. 68 (2000) 447-454
47. Montoya M., Schiavoni G., Mattei F., Gresser I., Belardelli F., Borrow P., and Tough D.F. Type I interferons produced by dendritic cells promote their phenotypic and functional activation. Blood 99 (2002) 3263-3271
48. Nedwin G.E., Svedersky L.P., Bringman T.S., Palladino Jr. M.A., and Goeddel D.V. Effect of interleukin 2, interferon-gamma, and mitogens on the production of tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta. J. Immunol. 135 (1985) 2492-2497
49. Nelissen I., Martens E., Van den Steen P.E., Proost P., Ronsse I., and Opdenakker G. Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 cleaves interferon-β and is a target for immunotherapy. Brain 126 (2003) 1371-1381
50. Nelissen I., Ronsse I., Van Damme J., and Opdenakker G. Regulation of gelatinase B in human monocytic and endothelial cells by PECAM-1 ligation and its modulation by interferon-β. J. Leukocyte Biol. 71 (2002) 89-98
51. Noronha A., Toscas A., and Jensen M.A. Interferon β decreases T cell activation and interferon gamma production in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 46 (1993) 145-153
52. Omata M., Yoshida H., and Shiratori Y. Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma and its recurrence in chronic hepatitis C patients by interferon therapy. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 3 (2005) S141-S143
53. Opdenakker G., Nelissen I., and Van Damme J. Functional roles and therapeutic targeting of gelatinase B and chemokines in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2 (2003) 747-756
54. Peck-Radosavljevic M., Wichlas M., Homoncik-Kraml M., Kreil A., Hofer H., Jessner W., Gangl A., and Ferenci P. Rapid suppression of hematopoiesis by standard or pegylated interferon-alpha. Gastroenterology 123 (2002) 141-151
55. Proost P., De Wolf-Peeters C., Conings R., Opdenakker G., Billiau A., and Van Damme J. Identification of a novel granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP-2) from human tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo comparison with natural forms of GRO, IP-10 and IL-8. J. Immunol. 150 (1993) 1000-1010
56. Ransohoff R.M., Devajyothi C., Estes M.L., Babcock G., Rudick R.A., Frohman E.M., and Barna B.P. Interferon-β specifically inhibits interferon-γ-induced class II major histocompatibility complex gene transcription in a human astrocytoma cell line. J. Neuroimmunol. 33 (1991) 103-112
57. Rep M.H., Hintzen R.Q., Polman C.H., and Van Lier R.A. Recombinant interferon-β blocks proliferation but enhances interleukin-10 secretion by activated human T-cells. J. Neuroimmunol. 67 (1996) 111-118
58. Rep M.H., Schrijver H.M., van Lopik T., Hintzen R.Q., Roos M.T., Ader H.J., Polman C.H., and Van Lier R.A. Interferon (IFN)-beta treatment enhances CD95 and interleukin 10 expression but reduces interferon-gamma producing T cells in MS patients. J. Neuroimmunol. 96 (1999) 92-100
59. Santini S.M., Di Pucchio T., Lapenta C., Parlato S., Logozzi M., and Belardelli F. The natural alliance between Type I interferon and dendritic cells and its role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. J. Interf. Cytok. Res. 22 (2002) 1071-1080
60. Santini S.M., Lapenta C., Logozzi M., Parlato S., Spada M., Di Pucchio T., and Belardelli F. Type I interferon as a powerful adjuvant for monocyte-derived dendritic cell development and activity in vitro and in Hu-PBL-SCID mice. J. Exp. Med. 191 (2000) 1777-1788
61. Santodonato L., D'Agostino G., Nisini R., Mariotti S., Monque D.M., Spada M., Lattanzi L., Perrone M.P., Andreotti M., Belardelli F., and Ferrantini M. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells generated after a short-term culture with IFN-alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulate a potent Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8+ T cell response. J. Immunol. 170 (2003) 5195-5202
62. Schmid M., Kreil A., Jessner W., Homoncik M., Datz C., Gangl A., Ferenci P., and Peck-Radosavljevic M. Suppression of haematopoiesis during therapy of chronic hepatitis C with different interferon alpha mono and combination therapy regimens. Gut 54 (2005) 1014-1020
63. Skurkovich S.V., Klinova E.G., Aleksandrovkaya I.M., Levina N.V., Arkhipova N.A., and Bulicheva T.I. Stimulation of transplanation immunity and plasma cell reaction by interferon in mice. Immunology 25 (1973) 317-322
64. Soga K., Shibasaki K., and Aoyagi Y. Effect of interferon on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatogastroenterology 52 (2005) 1154-1158
65. Stuve O., Chabot S., Jung S.S., Williams G., and Yong V.W. Chemokine-enhanced migration of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is antagonized by interferon beta-1b through an effect on matrix metalloproteinase-9. J. Neuroimmunol. 80 (1997) 38-46
66. Svedersky L.P., Nedwin G.E., Goeddel D.V., and Palladino Jr. M.A. Interferon-gamma enhances induction of lymphotoxin in recombinant interleukin 2-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Immunol. 134 (1985) 1604-1608
67. Tang T.J., Kwekkeboom J., Mancham S., Binda R.S., De Man R.A., Schalm S.W., Kusters J.G., and Janssen H.L. Intrahepatic CD8+ T-lymphocyte response is important for therapy-induced viral clearance in chronic hepatitis B infection. J. Hepatol. 43 (2005) 45-52
68. Triantaphyllopoulos K.A., Williams R.O., Tailor H., and Chernajovsky Y. Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis and suppression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production by interferon-beta gene therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 42 (1999) 90-99
69. Trojano M., Avolio C., Liuzzi G.M., Ruggieri M., Defazio G., Liguori M., Santacroce M.P., Paolicelli D., Giuliani F., Riccio P., and Livrea P. Changes of serum sICAM-1 and MMP-9 induced by rIFNbeta-1b treatment in relapsing-remitting MS. Neurology 53 (1999) 1402-1408
70. Trojano M., Defazio G., Avolio C., Paolicelli D., Giuliani F., Giorelli M., and Livrea P. Effects of rIFN-beta-1b on serum circulating ICAM-1 in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and on the membrane-bound ICAM-1 expression on brain microvascular endothelial cells. J. Neurovirol. 6 Suppl. 2 (2000) S47-S51
71. Van Damme, J., Billiau, A. Large-scale production of human fibroblast interferon. Pestka, S. Interferons, Part A. (78), 101-119, Methods in Enzymology, 1981. New York, Academic Press, Ref type: Serial (Book, Monograph).
72. Van Damme J., De Ley M., Opdenakker G., Billiau A., De Somer P., and Van Beeumen J. Homogeneous interferon-inducing 22K factor is related to endogenous pyrogen and interleukin-1. Nature 314 (1985) 266-268
73. Van Damme J., Decock B., Conings R., Lenaerts J.-P., Opdenakker G., and Billiau A. The chemotactic activity for granulocytes produced by virally infected fibroblasts is identical to monocyte-derived interleukin 8. Eur. J. Immunol. 19 (1989) 1189-1194
74. 2), as a B cell hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor induced by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. J. Exp. Med. 165 (1987) 914-919
75. Van Damme J., Proost P., Lenaerts J.-P., and Opdenakker G. Structural and functional identification of two human, tumor-derived monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP-2 and MCP-3) belonging to the chemokine family. J. Exp. Med. 176 (1992) 59-65
76. van Holten J., Reedquist K., Sattonet-Roche P., Smeets T.J., Plater-Zyberk C., Vervoordeldonk M.J., and Tak P.P. Treatment with recombinant interferon-beta reduces inflammation and slows cartilage destruction in the collagen-induced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 6 (2004) R239-R249
77. Veldhuis W.B., Derksen J.W., Floris S., Van der Meide P.H., De Vries H.E., Schepers J., Vos I.M., Dijkstra C.D., Kappelle L.J., Nicolay K., and Bar P.R. Interferon-beta blocks infiltration of inflammatory cells and reduces infarct volume after ischemic stroke in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 23 (2003) 1029-1039
78. Veldhuis W.B., Floris S., Van der Meide P.H., Vos I.M., De Vries H.E., Dijkstra C.D., Bar P.R., and Nicolay K. Interferon-beta prevents cytokine-induced neutrophil infiltration and attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 23 (2003) 1060-1069
79. Wallach D. Cytotoxins (tumour necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and others): molecular and functional characteristics and interactions with interferons. Interferon vol. 7 (1986), Academic Press, London p. 89-124
80. Ward R.P., and Kugelmas M. Using pegylated interferon and ribavirin to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am. Fam. Physician 72 (2005) 655-662
81. Waubant E., Gee L., Miller K., Stabler G., and Goodkin D. IFN-beta1a may increase serum levels of TIMP-1 in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J. Interf. Cytok. Res. 21 (2001) 181-185
82. Waubant E., Goodkin D., Bostrom A., Bacchetti P., Hietpas J., Lindberg R., and Leppert D. IFNbeta lowers MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio, which predicts new enhancing lesions in patients with SPMS. Neurology 60 (2003) 52-57
83. Waubant E., Goodkin D.E., Gee L., Bacchetti P., Sloan R., Stewart T., Andersson P.B., Stabler G., and Miller K. Serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels are related to MRI activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurology 53 (1999) 1397-1401
84. Wong S., Kaita K., Gauthier T., Jones S., and Minuk G.Y. A comparative trial of recombinant interferon alpha 2A versus alpha 2 beta on myelosuppression in healthy adult volunteers. Hepatogastroenterology 43 (1996) 301-305
85. Yu M., Nishiyama A., Trapp B.D., and Tuohy V.K. Interferon-β inhibits progression of relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroimmunol. 64 (1996) 91-100
86. Yushchenko M., Mader M., Elitok E., Bitsch A., Dressel A., Tumani H., Bogumil T., Kitze B., Poser S., and Weber F. Interferon-beta-1 b decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 serum levels in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 250 (2003) 1224-1228