Barrett's esophagus and its progression to adenocarcinoma

JNCCN Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 367-374

  Maley, Carlo C ^a,b   Rustgi, Anil K ^a,c  

^a Wistar Institute ^*

^b WISTAR INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Aneuploidy; Barrett's esophagus; CDKN2A; Esophageal adenocarcinoma; NSAID; Obesity; TP53

Indexed keywords

ESOMEPRAZOLE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PROBIOTIC AGENT; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; SELENIUM; TUMOR MARKER;

ANEUPLOIDY; ARTICLE; BARRETT ESOPHAGUS; BODY WEIGHT; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANCER PREVENTION; CDKN2A GENE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIGESTIVE TRACT ENDOSCOPY; DISEASE COURSE; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; DRUG USE; ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA; FOOD PREFERENCE; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GENE; GENETIC DISORDER; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SMOKING; SURVIVAL RATE; TETRAPLOIDY; TP53 GENE; ADENOCARCINOMA; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ESOPHAGUS TUMOR; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

ADENOCARCINOMA; BARRETT ESOPHAGUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; RISK FACTORS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 33747111083     PISSN: 15401405     EISSN: 15401413     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2006.0031     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Eloubeidi MA, Mason AC, Desmond RA, et al. Temporal trends (1973-1997) in survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma in the United States: a glimmer of hope? Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1627-1633.
2. Brown LM, Devesa S. Epidemiologic trends in esophageal and gastric cancer in the United States. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2002;11:235-256.
3. Maley CC, Galipeau PC, Li X, et al. Selectively advantageous mutations and hitchhikers in neoplasms: p16 lesions are selected in Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Res 2004;64:3414-3427.
4. Wong DJ, Paulson TG, Prevo LJ, et al. p16 INK4a lesions are common, early abnormalities that undergo clonal expansion in Barrett's metaplastic epithelium. Cancer Res 2001;61:8284-8289.
5. Gulizia JM, Wang H, Antonioli D, et al. Proliferative characteristics of intestinalized mucosa in the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (short-segment Barrett's esophagus): a case control study. Hum Pathol 1999;30:412-418.
6. Reid BJ, Sanchez CA, Blount PL, et al. Barrett's esophagus: cell cycle abnormalities in advancing stages of neoplastic progression. Gastroenterology 1993;105:119-129.
7. Gray MR, Hall PA, Nash J, et al. Epithelial proliferation in Barrett's esophagus by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolocalization. Gastroenterology 1992;103:1769-1776.
8. Barrett MT, Sanchez CA, Prevo LJ, et al. Evolution of neoplastic cell lineages in Barrett oesophagus. Nat Genet 1999;22:106-109.
9. Reid BJ, Prevo LJ, Galipeau PC, et al. Predictors of progression in Barrett's esophagus II: baseline 17p (p53) loss of heterozygosity identifies a patient subset at increased risk for neoplastic progression. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2839-2848.
10. Haggitt RC. Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 1994;25:982-993.
11. Cameron AJ, Ott BJ, Payne WS. The incidence of adenocarcinoma in columnar-lined (Barrett's) esophagus. N Engl J Med 1985;313:857-859.
12. Hameeteman W, Tytgat GN, Houthoff HJ, et al. Barrett's esophagus: development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 1989;96:1249-1256.
13. Shaheen NJ, Crosby MA, Bozymski EM, et al. Is there publication bias in the reporting of cancer risk in Barrett's esophagus? Gastroenterology 2000;119:333-338.
14. Jankowski JA, Provenzale D, Moayyedi P. Esophageal adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's metaplasia has regional variations in the West. Gastroenterology 2002;122:588-590.
15. Birkmeyer JD, Siewers AE, Finlayson EV, et al. Hospital volume and surgical mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1128-1137.
16. Sampliner RE. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1888-1895.
17. Cameron AJ, Lomboy CT. Barrett's esophagus: age, prevalence, and extent of columnar epithelium. Gastroenterology 1992;103:1241-1245.
18. Farrow DC, Vaughan TL. Determinants of survival following the diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma (United States). Cancer Causes Control 1996;7:322-327.
19. Eisen GM, Sandler RS, Murray S, et al. The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications with Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:27-31.
20. Jolly AJ, Wild CP, Hardie LJ. Acid and bile salts induce DNA damage in human oesophageal cell lines. Mutagenesis 2004;19:319-324.
21. Westhoff B, Brotze S, Weston A, et al. The frequency of Barrett's esophagus in high-risk patients with chronic GERD. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:226-231.
22. Jankowski JA, Harrison RF, Perry I, et al. Barrett's metaplasia. Lancet 2000;356:2079-2085.
23. Spechler SJ, Goyal R, eds. Barrett's Esophagus: Pathology, Diagnosis and Management. New York: Elsevier; 1985:29-37.
24. Prevo LJ, Sanchez CA, Galipeau PC, et al. p53-mutant clones and field effects in Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Res 1999;59:4784-4787.
25. Rabinovitch PS, Longton G, Blount PL, et al. Predictors of progression in Barrett's esophagus III: baseline flow cytometric variables. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:3071-3083.
26. Galipeau PC, Cowan DS, Sanchez CA, et al. 17p (p53) allelic losses, 4N (G2/tetraploid) populations, and progression to aneuploidy in Barrett's esophagus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:7081-7084.
27. McKinley MJ, Budman DR, Grueneberg D, et al. DNA content in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal malignancy. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82:1012-1015.
28. Fennerty MB, Sampliner RE, Way D, et al. Discordance between flow cytometric abnormalities and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 1989;97:815-820.
29. Reid BJ, Blount PL, Rubin CE, et al. Flow-cytometric and histological progression to malignancy in Barrett's esophagus: prospective endoscopic surveillance of a cohort. Gastroenterology 1992;102:1212-1219.
30. Gleeson CM, Sloan JM, McGuigan JA, et al. Ubiquitous somatic alterations at microsatellite alleles occur infrequently in Barrett's-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1996;56:259-263.
31. Kulke MH, Thakore KS, Thomas G, et al. Microsatellite instability and hMLH1/hMSH2 expression in Barrett esophagus-associated adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2001;91:1451-1457.
32. Gleeson CM, Sloan JM, McGuigan J A, et al. Barrett's oesophagus: microsatellite analysis provides evidence to support the proposed metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1998;21:49-60.
33. Meltzer SJ, Yin J, Manin B, et al. Microsatellite instability occurs frequently and in both diploid and aneuploid cell populations of Barrett's-associated esophageal adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 1994;54:3379-3382.
34. Zhuang Z, Vortmeyer AO, Mark EJ, et al. Barrett's esophagus: metaplastic cells with loss of heterozygosity at the APC gene locus are clonal precursors to invasive adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1996;56:1961-1964.
35. Eliakim R, Sharma VK, Yassin K, et al. A prospective study of the diagnostic accuracy of PillCam ESO esophageal capsule endoscopy versus conventional upper endoscopy in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux diseases. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:572-578.
36. Corley DA, Levin TR, Habel LA, et al. Surveillance and survival in Barrett's adenocarcinomas: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 2002;122:633-640.
37. Conio M, Blanchi S, Lapertosa G, et al. Long-term endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus. Incidence of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1931-1939.
38. Macdonald CE, Wicks AC, Playford RJ. Final results from 10 year cohort of patients undergoing surveillance for Barrett's oesophagus: observational study. BMJ 2000;321:1252-1255.
39. Ofman JJ, Shaheen NJ, Desai AA, et al. The quality of care in Barrett's esophagus: endoscopist and pathologist practices. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:876-881.
40. Pepe MS, Etzioni R, Feng Z, et al. Phases of biomarker development for early detection of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:1054-1061.
41. Alikhan M, Rex D, Khan A, et al. Variable pathologic interpretation of columnar lined esophagus by general pathologists in community practice. Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50:23-26.
42. Montgomery E, Bronner MP, Goldblum JR, et al. Reproducibility of the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett esophagus: a reaffirmation. Hum Pathol 2001;32:368-378.
43. Ormsby AH, Perras RE, Henricks WH, et al. Interobserver variation in Barrett's (BE) related high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and superficial adenocarcinoma: can it be improved using uniform pathologic criteria [abstract] ? Gastroenterology 2000;118:A3764.
44. Reid BJ, Haggitt RC, Rubin CE, et al. Observer variation in the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Hum Pathol 1988;19:166-178.
45. Kallioniemi OP, Visakorpi T, Holli K, et al. Automated peak detection and cell cycle analysis of flow cytometric DNA histograms. Cytometry 1994;16:250-255.
46. Potter JD. Beta-carotene and the role of intervention studies. Cancer Lett 1997;114:329-331.
47. Scardino PT. The prevention of prostate cancer-the dilemma continues. N Engl J Med 2003;349:297-299.
48. Wild CP, Hardie LJ. Reflux, Barrett's oesophagus and adenocarcinoma: burning questions. Nat Rev Cancer 2003;3:676-685.
49. Carlson N, Lechago J, Richter J, et al. Acid suppression therapy may not alter malignant progression in Barrett's metaplasia showing p53 protein accumulation. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1340-1345.
50. DeMeester SR. Management of Barrett's esophagus free of dysplasia. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc 1997;9:279-284.
51. Sampliner RE. Reduction of acid exposure and regression of Barrett's esophagus. Dig Dis 2000;18:203-207.
52. Fitzgerald RC, Lascar R, Triadafilopoulos G. Review article: Barrett's oesophagus, dysplasia and pharmacologic acid suppression. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:269-276.
53. Tytgat ON. Medical therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease in secondary and tertiary care settings. Yale J Biol Med 1999;72:219-226.
54. Jankowski J, Sharma P. Review article: approaches to Barrett's oesophagus treatment-the role of proton pump inhibitors and other interventions. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;19[suppl 1]:54-59.
55. Kahrilas PJ. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery: silver bullet or the emperor's new clothes? Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1721-1723.
56. Israel DA, Peek RM Jr. The role of persistence in Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2006;22:3-7.
57. Chow WH, Blaser MJ, Blot WJ, et al. An inverse relation between cagA+ strains of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1998;58:588-590.
58. Caygill CP, Johnston DA, Lopez M, et al. Lifestyle factors and Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1328-1331.
59. Chow WH, Blot WJ, Vaughan TL, et al. Body mass index and risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:150-155.
60. Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Nyren O. Association between body mass and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:883-890.
61. Vaughan TL, Davis S, Kristal A, et al. Obesity, alcohol, and tobacco as risk factors for cancers of the esophagus and gastric cardia: adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995;4:85-92.
62. Engel LS, Chow WH, Vaughan TL, et al. Population attributable risks of esophageal and gastric cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1404-1413.
63. Vaughan TL, Kristal AR, Blount PL, et al. NSAID use, BMI, and anthropometry in relation to genetic and cell cycle abnormalities in Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:745-752.
64. Mayne ST, Risch HA, Dubrow R, et al. Nutrient intake and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001;10:1055-1062.
65. Corley DA, Kerlikowske K, Verma R, et al. Protective association of aspirin/NSAIDs and esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2003;124:47-56.
66. Vaughan TL, Dong LM, Blount PL, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of neoplastic progression in Barrett's oesophagus: a prospective study. Lancet Oncol 2005;6:945-952.
67. Duffield-Lillico AJ, Reid ME, Turnbull BW, et al. Baseline characteristics and the effect of selenium supplementation on cancer incidence in a randomized clinical trial: a summary report of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:630-639.
68. Clark LC, Combs GF Jr, Tumbull BW, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. JAMA 1996;276:1957-1963. [published erratum appears in JAMA 1997;277:1520].
69. Rudolph RE, Vaughan TL, Kristal AR, et al. Serum selenium levels in relation to markers of neoplastic progression among persons with Barrett's esophagus. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:750-757.
70. Brown LM, Silverman DT, Pottern LM, et al. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction in white men in the United States: alcohol, tobacco, and socioeconomic factors. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:333-340.
71. Gammon MD, Schoenberg JB, Ahsan H, et al. Tobacco, alcohol, and socioeconomic status and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89:1277-1284.
72. Kabat GC, Ng SK, Wynder EL. Tobacco, alcohol intake, and diet in relation to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Cancer Causes Control 1993;4:123-132.
73. Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Lindgren A, et al. The role of tobacco, snuff and alcohol use in the aetiology of cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia. Int J Cancer 2000;85:340-346.
74. Zhang ZF, Kurtz RC, Sun M, et al. Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia: medical conditions, tobacco, alcohol, and socioeconomic factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:761-768.
75. Avidan B, Sonnenberg A, Schnell T, et al. Hiatal hernia size, Barrett's length, and severity of acid reflux are all risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1930-1936.
76. Levi F, Ollyo JB, La Vecchia C, et al. The consumption of tobacco, alcohol and the risk of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus. Int J Cancer 1990;45:852-854.
77. Menke-Pluymers MB, Hop WC, Dees J, et al. Risk factors for the development of an adenocarcinoma in columnar-lined (Barrett) esophagus. The Rotterdam Esophageal Tumor Study Group. Cancer 1993;72:1155-1158.
78. Gerson LB, Shetler K, Triadafilopoulos G. Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in asymptomatic individuals. Gastroenterology 2002;123:461-467.
79. Ormsby AH, Kilgore SP, Goldblum JR, et al. The location and frequency of intestinal metaplasia at the esophagogastric junction in 223 consecutive autopsies: implications for patient treatment and preventive strategies in Barrett's esophagus. Mod Pathol 2000;13:614-620.
80. Shaheen NJ. Advances in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2005;128:1554-1566.
81. Chak A, Lee T, Kinnard MF, et al. Familial aggregation of Barrett's oesophagus, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma in Caucasian adults. Gut 2002;51:323-328.
82. Rudolph RE, Vaughan TL, Storer BE, et al. The effect of segment length on the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:612-620.
83. Buttar NS, Wang KK, Sebo TJ, et al. Extent of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus correlates with risk of adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2001;120:1630-1639.
84. Edwards MJ, Gable DR, Lentsch AB, et al. The rationale for esophagectomy as the optimal therapy for Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Ann Surg 1996;223:585-589; discussion 589-591.
85. Minsky BD. Carcinoma of the esophagus. Part 1: primary therapy. Oncology (Williston Park) 1999;13:1225-1232, 1235-1236.
86. Reid BJ, Levine DS, Longton O, et al. Predictors of progression to cancer in Barrett's esophagus: baseline histology and flow cytometry identify low- and high-risk patient subsets. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1669-1676.
87. Schnell TO, Sontag SJ, Chejfec G, et al. Long-term nonsurgical management of Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Gastroenterology 2001;120:1607-1619.
88. Sharma P, Morales TG, Bhattacharyya A, et al. Dysplasia in short-segment Barrett's esophagus: a prospective 3-year follow-up. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:2012-2016.
89. Weston AP, Sharma P, Topalovski M, et al. Prospective long-term follow-up of Barrett's high-grade dysplasia: risky business [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1999;116:A352-353.
90. Levine DS. Management of dysplasia in the columnar-lined esophagus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1997;26:613-634.
91. Buttar NS, Wang KK, Lutzke LS, et al. Combined endoscopic mucosal resection and phorodynamic therapy for esophageal neoplasia within Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;54:682-688.
92. Ell C, May A, Gossner L, et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection of early cancer and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 2000;118:670-677.
93. May A, Gossner L, Pech O, et al. Local endoscopic therapy for intraepithelial high-grade neoplasia and early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus: acute-phase and intermediate results of a new treatment approach. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14:1085-1091.
94. Nijhawan PK, Wang KK. Endoscopic mucosal resection for lesions with endoscopic features suggestive of malignancy and high-grade dysplasia within Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:328-332.
95. Biddlestone LR, Barham CP, Wilkinson SP, et al. The histopathology of treated Barrett's esophagus: squamous reepithelialization after acid suppression and laser and photodynamic therapy. Am J Surg Pathol 1998;22:239-245.
96. Corti L, Skarlatos J, Boso C, et al. Outcome of patients receiving photodynamic therapy for early esophageal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000;47:419-424.
97. Gossner L, Stolte M, Sroka R, et al. Photodynamic ablation of high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's esophagus by means of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Gastroenterology 1998;114:448-55.
98. Hage M, Siersema PD, Vissers KJ, et al. Molecular evaluation of ablative therapy of Barrett's oesophagus. J Pathol 2005;205:57-64.
99. Krishnadath KK, Wang KK, Taniguchi K, et al. Persistent genetic abnormalities in Barrett's esophagus after photodynamic therapy. Gastroenterology 2000;119:624-630.
100. McCaughan JS Jr, Ellison EC, Guy JT, et al. Photodynamic therapy for esophageal malignancy: a prospective twelve-year study. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;62:1005-1009; discussion 1009-010.
101. Overholt BF, Lightdale CJ, Wang K, et al. International, multicenter, partially blinded, randomised study of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using porfimer sodium (POR) for the ablation of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in Barrett's esophagus (BE): results of 24-month follow-up [abstract]. Gastroenterology 2003;124:A-20.
102. Pacifico RJ, Wang KK, Wongkeesong L, et al. Combined endoscopic mucosal resection and photodynamic therapy versus esophagectomy for management of early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Clin Gastro Hep 2003;1:252-257.
103. Selvasekar C, Birbeck N, Mcmillan T, et al. Review article: photodynamic therapy and the alimentary tract. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:899-915.
104. Sibille A, Lamhert R, Souquer JC, et al. Long-term survival after photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer. Gastroenterology 1995;108:337-344.
105. Wolfsen HC. Photodynamic therapy for mucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma and dysplastic Barrett's esophagus. Dig Dis 2002; 20:5-17.