Scandals and scoundrels: Seven cases that shook the academy

Scandals and Scoundrels: Seven Cases That Shook the Academy

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages

  Robin, Ron ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

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EID: 33746798744     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (479)

1. For a good survey of these issues.
2. Thomas Bender, ed., Rethinking American History in a Global Age (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 2002).
3. For a converse example of a fruitful and expansive exchange based on a meeting of Israeli and Palestinian intellectuals.
4. Ron Robin and Bo Stråth, eds., Homelands: Poetic Power and the Politics of Space (Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter Lang, 2003).
5. George Kennan, "The Sisson Documents," Journal of Modern History 28 ( June 1956): 130-154.
6. Les Adler and Thomas Paterson, "Red Fascism: The Merger of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia in the American Image of Totalitarianism," American Historical Review 75, no. 4 (April 1970): 1046-64.
7. Elzbieta Sklodowska, "The Poetics of Remembering, the Poetics of Forgetting," in The Rigoberta Menchú Controversy, ed. Arturo Arias (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001), 252.
8. Alun Munslow, Deconstructing History (London: Routledge, 1997), 198.
9. Anna Grimshaw and Keith Hart, "Anthropology and the Crisis of the Intellectuals," Critique of Anthropology 14, no. 3 (1994): 228.
10. For a different opinion.
11. David Callahan, The Cheating Culture: Why More Americans Are Doing Wrong to Get Ahead (Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt, 2004).
12. Sherry Turkle, "Virtuality and Its Discontents," American Prospect 24, no. 7 (December 1, 1996), www.prospect.org/print/V7/24/turkle-s.html.
13. Jimmy Dean Smith, " 'Honest about His Experience': History as Eyewitness News," PopPolitics.com, June 26, 2002, www.poppolitics.com/articles/2001-06-22-EllisJ.shtml.
14. John M. Watanabe, "Silence and Solidarity across a Watershed of War: The Heritage of U.S. Complicity in Guatemala," American Anthropologist (March 2002): 104, n. 1, 331.
15. Roman Jackiw, cited in Dennis Overbye, "French Physicists' Cosmic Theory Creates a Big Bang of Its Own," New York Times, November 9, 2002.
16. Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture: Changing the Way We Argue and Debate (London: Virago Press, 1999).
17. Walter Ong, Fighting for Life: Contest, Sexuality, and Consciousness (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1981).
18. Deborah Tannen, "Agonism in the Academy: Surviving Higher Learning's Argument Culture," Chronicle of Higher Education, March 31, 2000, B7.
19. Seyla Benhabib, "Taking Ideas Seriously," Boston Review, December 2002-January 2003, http://bostonreview.mit.edu/BR27.6?benhabib.html.
20. Ricoeur is cited in this article.
21. Sherry Turkle, Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995).
22. Both the mainstream and academic media in the United States and elsewhere provided continuous coverage of the Oates controversy.
23. "The Case of the Lincoln Book," editorial, Washington Post, May 30, 1992.
24. Denise Magner, "Stephen Oates Again Is Accused of Plagiarism," Chronicle of Higher Education, April 14, 1993, A19.
25. "Scientific Fraud," Economist, June 19, 1993, 88.
26. Doris Kearns Goodwin, cited in Bo Crader, "A Historian and Her Sources," Weekly Standard, January 28, 2002, www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/000/793ihurw.asp.
27. For a summary of the Goodwin case.
28. History News Network Staff, "How the Goodwin Story Developed," History News Network (HNN), http://hnn.us/articles/590.html.
29. For another prominent case of plagiarism, involving historian Ann Lane.
30. Nathan Williams, "Ann Lane's Dissertation," HNN, November 11, 2002, http://hnn.us/articles/1097.html.
31. Jonathan Ned Katz, "Stephen Ambrose and Plagiarism," New York Times, January 12, 2002.
32. a brief response to David D. Kirkpatrick's front-page article "As Historian's Fame Grows, So Do Questions on Methods," New York Times, January 11, 2002.
33. Associated Press, "Home Town Stands by Beleaguered Historian," Australian, January 23, 2002.
34. Toby Hamden, "Alarm and Plague of Plagiarism," Daily Telegraph (London), March 23, 2002.
35. Lance Gould, "Historian Ambrose: 'I'm No Plagiarist,' " New York Daily News, May 9, 2002.
36. Exchange of accusation and defense between James Morris and Philip Foner, in "Philip Foner and the Writing of the Joe Hill Case: An Exchange," Labor History 12, no. 1 (1971): 81-114.
37. Recently, labor historian Melvin Dubofsky and others have offered incriminating evidence of additional instances of plagiarism committed by Philip Foner.
38. "Was Philip Foner Guilty of Plagiarism?" HNN, June 2, 2003, http://hnn.us/articles/1481.html.
39. For a summary of the Oates saga, including Oates's version and re-sponses from the instigators of the accusations.
40. Stephen Oates, "I Stood Accused of Plagiarism," HNN, April 15, 2002, http://hnn.us/articles/658.html.
41. Stephen Oates, "A Horse Chestnut Is Not a Chestnut Horse: A Refutation of Bray, Davis, MacGregor, and Wollan," Journal of Information Ethics, 3, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 26-27.
42. Jones, cited in Denise Magner, "History Group Says Professor Gave Inadequate Credit," Chronicle of Higher Education, May 27, 1992, A15.
43. Robert Jones, "Popular Biography, Plagiarism, and Persecution," Journal of Information Ethics 3, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 80-82.
44. Hans L. Trefouse, "The Oates Case," Journal of Information Ethics 3, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 76-77.
45. John Swan, "Sharing and Stealing: Persistent Ambiguities," Journal of Information Ethics 3, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 43.
46. Robert Bray, "Reading between the Texts: Benjamin Thomas's Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Oates's With Malice to None," Journal of Information Ethics 3, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 21.
47. On Stewart's and Feder's involvement in this and other cases of scientific misconduct.
48. "Walter Stewart's Site of Scientific Misconduct," http://home.t-online.de/home/Bernhard.Hiller/wstewart/main .html.
49. Michael Burlingame, " 'A Sin against Scholarship': Some Examples of Plagiarism in Stephen B. Oates's Biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., and William Faulker," Journal of Information Ethics 3, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 48-49.
50. David Wheeler, "NIH Reassigns 2 Researchers," Chronicle of Higher Education, April 21, 1993, A16.
51. David Wheeler, "Did 2 Who Fought Research Fraud for NIH Go Too Far?" Chronicle of Higher Education, May 12, 1993, A16.
52. Stephen Burd, "Fraud Office in Trouble," Chronicle of Higher Education, November 24, 1993, A21.
53. Louis D. Rubin, "Binges and Trysts," New York Times, September 20, 1987.
54. Oates, cited in Bray, "Reading between the Texts," 21.
55. Eric Foner, "The Man Who Had a Dream," New York Times, September 12, 1982.
56. Stephen Oates, A Woman of Valor: Clara Barton and the Civil War (New York: New Press, 1994).
57. Andrew Delbanco, "The Angel of the Battlefield," New York Times, June 12, 1994.
58. Davis, cited in Denise Magner, "Professor Did Not Adequately Attribute Material in Book, History Group Says," Chronicle of Higher Education, May 27, 1992, A15.
59. AHA decision cited in Denise Magner, "Verdict in a Plagiarism Case," Chronicle of Higher Education, January 5, 1994, A17.
60. Fred Barnes, "Stephen Ambrose, Copycat," Weekly Standard, January 14, 2002, 27.
61. Mark Lewis, "Did Ambrose Write Wild Blue, or Just Edit It?" Forbes.com, February 27, 2002, www.forbes.com/home/2002/02/27/0227ambrose.html.
62. Balkoski, cited in Mark Lewis, "More Controversy for Stephen Ambrose," Forbes.com, September 1, 2002, www.forbes.com/2002/01/09/0109ambrose.html.
63. Mark Lewis, "Nothing Like It in the World? Hardly," Forbes.com, January 17, 2002, www.forbes.com/2002/01/17/0117ambrose.html.
64. Mark Lewis, "Dueling D-Day Authors: Ryan versus Ambrose," Forbes.com, January 29, 2002, www.forbes.com/2002/01/29/0129ambrose.html.
65. Kia Shant'e Breaux, "Historian Stephen Ambrose Addresses Plagiarism Charges," Nando Times, February 1, 2002, www.nando.net/entertainment/story/235707p-2256415c.html (defunct Web site).
66. Lewis, "Dueling D-Day Authors."
67. Rosenthal, cited in Wendy Kaminer, "Heavy Lifting," American Prospect 13, no. 4 (February 25, 2002): 9.
68. Ambrose, cited in Kirkpatrick, "As Historian's Fame Grows."
69. George McGovern, "Letter of Support from WWII Veteran George McGovern," January 23, 2002, www.stephenambrose.com/g_mcgovern.html.
70. David Lavender, cited in Lewis, "Nothing Like It in the World?"
71. Eric Foner, cited in Hillel Italie, "Historian Stephen Ambrose Faces More Allegations of Lifting Material," Associated Press, January 9, 2002.
72. Kolleen Guy, cited in Samar Farah, "Taking a Page out of Another's Book," Christian Science Monitor, January 31, 2002.
73. Thomas Preston, cited in Tan Vinh, "Plagiarism Scandal Puts Schools in Bind," Seattle Times, February 2, 2002.
74. Jackson Lears, cited in Jay Tolson, "Whose Own Words?" U.S. News and World Report, January 21, 2002, 52.
75. James McPherson, cited in David Robinson, "Ambrose Bestsellers Questioned for Citation Methods," Daily Princetonian, February 4, 2002.
76. Ken Ringle, "Stephen Ambrose and the Rights of Passage," Washington Post, January 11, 2002.
77. The Takiff story appears in David Plotz, "The Plagiarist: Why Stephen Ambrose Is a Vampire," Slate, January 11, 2002, http://slate.msn.com/id/2060618/sidebar/2060623.
78. Stephen Ambrose, "Beware the Fury of an Aroused Democracy," Wall Street Journal, October 1, 2001.
79. Robinson, "Ambrose Bestsellers Questioned," 3.
80. Nicholas Confessore, "Selling Private Ryan," American Prospect 12, no. 17 (September 24-October 8, 2001): 21.
81. Michael Manville, "Private Ryan, Amnesiac," September 6, 2001, www.freezerbox.com/archive/2001/10/war.
82. Thomas Nutter, "Citizen Soldiers," H-WAR, Freezerbox Magazine, February 18, 2002.
83. Ambrose, cited in Confessore, "Selling Private Ryan," 21.
84. Kaminer, "Heavy Lifting," 9.
85. Plotz, "The Plagiarist."
86. Breaux, "Historian Stephen Ambrose Addresses Plagiarism Charges."
87. Thomas Mallon, Stolen Words: Forays into the Origins and Ravages of Plagiarism (New York: Penguin Books, 1989).
88. Peter Morgan and Glenn Reynolds, The Appearance of Impropriety: How the Ethics Wars Have Undermined American Government, Business, and Society (New York: Free Press, 1997), 149.
89. José Saramago, The History of the Siege of Lisbon, trans. Giovanni Pontiero (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1997).
90. Michael Bellesiles, Arming America: The Origins of a National Gun Culture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000), 4.
91. Roger Lane, review of Arming America, by Michael Bellesiles, Journal of American History 88, no. 2 (September 2001): 614-615.
92. Edmund Morgan, "In Love with Guns," New York Review of Books, October 19, 2000, 30.
93. Richard Slotkin, "The Fall into Guns," Atlantic Monthly, November 2000, 114-118.
94. Garry Wills, "Spiking the Gun Myth," New York Times, September 10, 2000.
95. Bellesiles, Arming America, 262.
96. Morgan, "In Love with Guns," 30.
97. Wills, "Spiking the Gun Myth."
98. Jack Rakove, "Words, Deeds, and Guns: Arming America and the Second Amendment," William and Mary Quarterly 59, no. 1 ( January 2002): 207.
99. Michael Bellesiles, "Disarming Early American History," Common-Place, September 2000, www.common-place.org/vol-01/no-01/arming.
100. Michael Bellesiles, "Disarming the Critics," OAH Newsletter, November 2001, www.oah.org/pubs/nl/2001nov/BellesilesM.html.
101. The most persistent and ultimately the most successful of these Web scholars was Clayton Cramer.
102. Web site at www.claytoncramer. com.
103. Bellesiles, Arming America, 22, 41.
104. Robert O'Connell, review of Arming America, by Michael Bellesiles, Armed Forces and Society 27, no. 3 (Spring 2000): 487-491.
105. Comment by Andy Frechting, January 24, 2002, in OAH Newsletter, November 2001, www.oah.org/cgi-data/view.html.
106. Comment by Don Williams, January 24, 2002, in OAH Newsletter, November 2001, www.oah.org/cgi-data/view.html
107. Michael Bellesiles, "Silenced: Is Civil Discourse Quelling Scholarship on Controversial Issues?" cited in Academic Exchange, Emory University, February 18, 2002, www.emory.edu/ACAD_EXCHANGE/2002/decjan/silenced.html.
108. Michael Bellesiles, interview by Brooke Gladstone, On the Media, National Public Radio, August 25, 2001, www.wnyc.org/onthemedia/transcripts_082501_guns.html.
109. Daniel Justin Herman, "Michael A. Bellesiles's Arming America: The Origins of a National Gun Culture," History News Network (HNN), June 17, 2001, http://hnn.us/articles/99.html.
110. James Lindgren and Justin Lee Heather, "Counting Guns in Early America," William and Mary Law Review 43, no. 2 (2002): 1781.
111. James Lindgren, "Fall from Grace: Arming America and the Bellesiles Scandal," Yale Law Journal 111 (2002): 2195-2249.
112. Herman, "Michael A. Bellesiles's Arming America."
113. Joyce Lee Malcolm, "Arming America," Texas Law Review 79, no. 6 (May 2001): 1657-1676.
114. Jackson Lears, "The Shooting Game," New Republic, January 22, 2001, 30.
115. Bellesiles, Arming America, 15.
116. Kevin Hardwick, comments in response to colloquy on Arming America, February 4, 2002, Chronicle of Higher Education Web site, http://chronicle.com/colloquy/2002/guns/88.htm.
117. Michael Bellesiles, cited in Danney Postel, "Did the Shootouts from Arming America Divert Attention from the Real Issues?" Chronicle of Higher Education, February 1, 2002, A12.
118. Bellesiles, cited in Jen Sansbury, "Scholar under Heavy Fire for Book on Gun Culture," Atlanta Journal-Constitution, January 20, 2002.
119. Bellesiles, "Disarming the Critics."
120. Kevin Hardwick, comments in response to colloquy on Arming America, Chronicle of Higher EducationWeb site.
121. David Skinner, "The Historian Who Couldn't Shoot Straight," Weekly Standard, February 25, 2002, 31.
122. Statement by OAH Executive Board, OAH Newsletter, November 2001, www.oah.org/pubs/nl/2001nov/newsorg.html#Anchor-36501.
123. Statement by Chairman Bruce Cole on Newberry Library Fellowship Award, HNN, May 21, 2002, http://hnn.us/articles/691.html.
124. Gloria Main, "Many Things Forgotten: The Use of Probate Records in Arming America," William and Mary Quarterly 59, no. 1 ( January 2002): 212.
125. Ira Gruber, "Of Arms and Men: Arming America and Military History," William and Mary Quarterly 59, no. 1 ( January 2002): 220.
126. Randolph Roth, "Guns, Gun Culture, and Homicide: The Relationship between Firearms, the Uses of Firearms, and Interpersonal Violence," William and Mary Quarterly 59, no. 1 ( January 2002): 234.
127. Michael Bellesiles, "Exploring America's Gun Culture," William and Mary Quarterly 59, no. 1 ( January 2002): 262.
128. A refutation of Bellesiles's flood defense appears in Jerome Sternstein, " 'Pulped' Fiction: Michael Bellesiles and His Yellow Note Pads," HNN, May 20, 2002, http://hnn.us/articles/742.html.
129. Bellesiles, "Exploring America's Gun Culture," 262.
130. Emory University, "Report of the Investigative Committee in the Matter of Professor Michael Bellesiles," July 10, 2002, www.emory .edu/central/NEWS/Releases/Final_Report.pdf.
131. Michael Bellesiles, "Statement on Emory University's Inquiry of Arming America," Emory University Web site, www.emory.edu/central/NEWS/Releases/B_statement.pdf.
132. "Michael Bellesiles Resigns from Emory Faculty," NewsEmory, October 25, 2002, www.emory.edu/central/NEWS/General_archive.html.
133. Announcement of Columbia University Board of Trustees, HNN, December 13, 2002, http://hnn.us/articles/1157.html.
134. Knopf decision, released on January 8, 2003, is cited in HNN, http://hnn.us/articles/691.html#latest.
135. This felicitous phrase belongs to Jerome Sternstein, in " 'Pulped' Fiction."
136. James Lindgren, "Mr. Bellesiles's Emails," HNN, April 15, 2002, http://hnn.us/articles/678.html.
137. Andrew Ackerman, "E-mails May Include Lies," Emory Wheel, April 25, 2002, www.emorywheel.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2002/04/25/3cc89bcfe177d.
138. Bellesiles, Arming America, 11.
139. Melissa Seckora, "Disarming America," National Review, October 15, 2001, www.nationalreview.com/15oct01/seckora101501.shtml.
140. Lindgren and Heather, "Counting Guns in Early America," 1832.
141. Bellesiles, Arming America, 262.
142. Roth, "Guns, Gun Culture, and Homicide," 227.
143. Judith McGraw, Early American Technology: Making and Doing Things, from the Colonial Era to 1850 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994).
144. Gloria Main, Tobacco Colony: Life in Early Maryland, 1650-1720 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982).
145. Anna Hawley, "The Meaning of Absence: Household Inventories in Surry County, Virginia, 1690-1715," in Early American Probate Inventories, ed. Peter Benes and Jane Benes (Boston: Boston University Press, 1987), 27-28.
146. Alice Hanson Jones, Wealth of a Nation to Be: The American Colonies on the Eve of the Revolution (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980).
147. Hardwick, February 4, 2002, comments in response to colloquy on Arming America.
148. Sanford Levinson, "The Embarrassing Second Amendment," Yale Law Journal 99 (1989): 648, n. 54.
149. Gruber, "Of Arms and Men," 217.
150. Lears, "The Shooting Game," 30.
151. O'Connell, review of Arming America, 487.
152. Lindgren and Heather, "Counting Guns in Early America," 1841.
153. Bellesiles's response to James Lindgren, HNN, April 17, 2002, http://hnn.us/articles/678.
154. Clayton Cramer, "What Clayton Cramer Saw and (Nearly) Everybody Else Missed," HNN, January 6, 2003, http://hnn.us/articles/1185.html.
155. Michael Bellesiles's review of The Deadly Ethnic Riot, by Donald Horowitz, Journal of the West 42, no. 3 (Summer 2003): 103.
156. review of American Law in the Twentieth Century, by Lawrence Friedman, Journal of American Studies 37, no. 2 (August 2003): 325.
157. History News Service, "Statement of Purpose," January 4, 2004, www.h-net.org/%7Ehns.
158. Michael Bellesiles, "Captive Scholarship Serves Nobody Well," Charleston Gazette, January 11, 2004.
159. Michael Bellesiles, "In Technology We Shouldn't Trust (War): Shock and Awe Have Their Limits, as History Has Shown," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 8, 2003.
160. Letter from James Banner to the editors of History News Network, November 11, 2003, http://hnn.us/articles/1794.html.
161. Milton Cohen, "Fitzgerald's Third Regret: Intellectual Pretense and the Ghost of Edmund Wilson," Texas Studies in Literature and Language 33, no. 1 (Spring 1991): 64.
162. Ellis, cited in "At War with Truth," editorial, Boston Globe, June 20, 2001, A12.
163. Walter Robinson, "Professor's Past in Doubt," Boston Globe, June 18, 2001.
164. Jack Thomas, "The Road to the Ellis Story," Boston Globe, July 2, 2001.
165. Ana Marie Cox, "In Wake of the Scandal over Joseph Ellis, Scholars Ask 'Why?' and 'What Now?' " Chronicle of Higher Education, July 13, 2001, O10.
166. President Joanne Creighton of Mount Holyoke College, cited.
167. Statement by Joanne Creighton, August 17, 2001, www.danford.net/prexy.htm.
168. Joseph Ellis, "Further Statement of Joseph J. Ellis," Mount Holyoke College, August 17, 2001, www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/news/ellisstatement.html.
169. Peg Tyre and Brian Braiker, "Improving on History," Newsweek, July 2, 2001, 34.
170. John Omicinski, "The Unmasking of Phony War Heroes," Denver Post, September 9, 2001.
171. Kenneth Bredemeier, "Another Defeat in the Lying Game," Washington Post, December 23, 2001.
172. Richard John Neuhaus, "The Tangled Web," First Things, November 2001, 67-70.
173. Ramesh Ponnuru, "Liars for the Cause: When Scholars Ditch the Truth," National Review, August 6, 2001, 24-25.
174. Joan Cocks, cited in Patrick Healy, "A War with Truth," Boston Globe, June 28, 2001.
175. Joan Cocks, letter to the editor, Boston Globe, July 8, 2001.
176. Donal O'Shea, cited in Josh Tyrangiel, "A History of His Own Making," Time, July 2, 2001, 52.
177. Richard Jensen, in History News Network, "Readers Sound Off about Joe Ellis's Suspension," HNN, August 18, 2001, http://hnn.us/articles/205.html.
178. David Nyberg, cited in Bredemeier, "Another Defeat in the Lying Game."
179. Howard Segal, "What's Lesson of Ellis Affair?" Boston Globe, August 21, 2001.
180. Michael Burlingame, in "Readers Sound Off about Joe Ellis Suspension."
181. David Garrow, cited in Lynn Smith and Tim Rutten.
182. "For Historian's Students, a Hard Lesson in Lying," Los Angeles Times, June 22, 2001.
183. Garrow would later find himself embroiled in a nonacademic scandal of his own.
184. Arielle Kass, "Professor Suspended after Alleged Assault," Emory Wheel, January 23, 2003, 1.
185. Jim Sleeper, cited in Smith and Rutten, "For Historian's Students, a Hard Lesson in Lying."
186. Scott Gac, in "Readers Sound Off about Joe Ellis Suspension."
187. Doris Kearns Goodwin, cited in Healy, "A War with Truth."
188. Ann Lane, in "Readers Sound Off about Joe Ellis's Suspension".
189. on Ann Lane's plagiarism ordeal the exchange between Lane and the editors of the HNN.
190. Nathan Williams, "Ann Lane's Dissertation," November 11, 2002, http://hnn.us/articles/1097.html.
191. Joseph Ellis, American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997), 97.
192. Joseph Ellis and Eugene Foster, "When a Saint Becomes a Sinner," U.S. News and World Report, November 9, 1998, 67.
193. Joseph Ellis, "Jefferson: Post-DNA," William and Mary Quarterly 57, no. 1 ( January 2000): 126.
194. Joseph Ellis, "The Magnificent Seven: An Interview with Pulitzer Prize Winning Historian Joseph J. Ellis," interview by David Tebaldi, Mass Humanities (Spring 2001), www.mfh.org/newsandevents/newsletter/MassHumanities/Spring2001/ellisprt.html.
195. Joseph Ellis, "Role of a Lifetime," review of Dutch: Role of a Lifetime, by Edmund Morris, Washington Post, October 3, 1999.
196. Mark Oppenheimer, "Legends (in Their Own Minds)," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 24, 2001.
197. Peter Rollins, "Joe Ellis: The Danger of Playing a Role as a Public Intellectual," HNN, June 17 2002, http://hnn.us/articles/789.html.
198. Geoffrey Wheatcroft, "Not So Macho," Guardian, June 22, 2001.
199. Steven Gorelick, "Vietnam Fantasies Trouble a Veteran Noncombatant," International Herald Tribune, June 27, 2001.
200. Ben Macintyre, "Top US Scholar Invented Role in Vietnam," London Times, June 20, 2001.
201. Editorial Desk, "The Lies of Joseph Ellis," New York Times, August 21, 2001.
202. Andrew Burstein, "The Politics of Memory: Taking Measure of the Ever More Popular Demand for Historical Greatness," Washington Post, October 14, 2001.
203. Joseph Ellis, "American Sphinx: The Contradictions of Thomas Jefferson," Library of Congress, American Memory, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/mtjhtml/mtjessay1.html.
204. Ellis, "Jefferson: Post-DNA," 132.
205. Erik Erikson, Dimensions of a New Identity, 1973 Jefferson Lectures in the Humanities (New York: W. W. Norton, 1974), 107-108.
206. Quote from Ellis, American Sphinx, 123.
207. Merrill Peterson, Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation: A Biography (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970).
208. Ellis, American Sphinx, 90.
209. Ellis, "American Sphinx" (Web site article).
210. Joseph Ellis, "Man of Character," interview by David Gergen, PBS Newshour, August 11, 1997, www.pbs.org/newshour/gergen/august97/ellis_8-11.html.
211. Ellis, American Sphinx, 3.
212. Joseph Ellis, "Man of Character."
213. Benjamin Schwarz, "American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson," Nation, May 26, 1997, 29-32.
214. Ellis, "American Sphinx" (Web site article), quoting Salter.
215. Ellis, American Sphinx, 271, 297.
216. Joseph Ellis, interview by PBS Frontline, n.d., www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/interviews/EllisJ.html.
217. Emily Eakin, letter to the editor, New York Times, June 24, 2001.
218. Edmund Morris, "Just Our Imaginations, Running Away," New York Times, June 22, 2001.
219. For readers' response to Morris's defense.
220. "Joseph Ellis: History and Fiction," New York Times, June 23, 2001.
221. Alison Landsberg, cited in Robert Burgoyne, "Prosthetic Memory / Traumatic Memory: Forrest Gump (1994)," Screening the Past, April 1999, www.latrobe.edu.au/screeningthepast/firstrelease/fr0499/rbfr6a.htm.
222. Burgoyne, "Prosthetic Memory / Traumatic Memory."
223. Student cited in Robinson, "Professor's Past in Doubt."
224. Jimmy Dean Smith, " 'Honest about His Experience': History as Eyewitness News," PopPolitics.com, June 26, 2001, http://www.poppolitics.com/articles/2001-06-22-EllisJ.shtml.
225. Turkle, "Virtuality and Its Discontents."
226. George Will and Joyce Appleby, cited in Scott Casper, "Going Dutch," Common Place 1, no. 1 (September 2000), http://www.common-place.org/vol-01/no-01/dutch.
227. Carlin Romano, "The Dirty Little Secret about Publicity Intellectuals," Chronicle of Higher Education, February 19, 1999, B4-B5.
228. David Samuels, "Edmund Wilson and the Public Intellectuals," Wilson Quarterly 20, no. 1 (1996): 102-112.
229. Jean Bethke Elshtain, cited in "The Future of the Public Intellectual," Nation, February 12, 2001, 25-35.
230. Richard Posner, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002).
231. Scott Gac, in "Readers Sound Off about Joe Ellis's Suspension."
232. Rollins, "Danger of Playing a Role".
233. Garrow, cited in Smith and Rutten, "For Historian's Students, a Hard Lesson Lying."
234. Joseph Ellis, "What Kind of Nation: Clash of the Titans," New York Times, March 10, 2002, review of Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, and the Epic Struggle to Create a United States, by James Simon.
235. "In Memory of Sergeant Harry Joseph Ellis," Path of Jesus Web Services, http://tanaya.net/vmw/E/rec-14908.html.
236. The quotation in the chapter title comes from Derek Freeman, The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead: A Historical Analysis of Her Samoan Research (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1999).
237. Nancy Scheper-Hughes, "The Margaret Mead Controversy: Culture, Biology, and Anthropological Inquiry," Human Organization 43, no. 1 (Spring 1984): 85.
238. Margaret Mead, Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization (New York: William Morrow, 1928), 132.
239. Mead, Coming of Age in Samoa, 136.
240. Scheper-Hughes, "Margaret Mead Controversy," 85.
241. emphasis in the original.
242. Peter Worsley, foreword to Confronting the Margaret Mead Legacy: Scholarship, Empire, and the South Pacific, ed. Lenora Foerstal and Angela Gilliam (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992), x.
243. Worsley, "Margaret Mead: Science or Science Fiction," Science and Society 21, no. 2 (1975): 122-134.
244. William Mitchell, "Communicating Culture: Margaret Mead and the Practice of Popular Anthropology," in Popularizing Anthropology, ed. Jeremy MacClancy and Chris McDonaugh (New York: Routledge, 1996), 122-135.
245. Derek Freeman, "My Relations with Margaret Mead," in The Samoa Reader: Anthropologists Take Stock, ed. Hiram Caton (Lanham, Ma.: University Press of America, 1990), 201-202.
246. George Appell, "The Discouragement of Criticism," in The Samoa Reader, ed. Caton, 275.
247. Derek Freeman, "Historical Glosses," in The Samoa Reader, ed. Caton, 192.
248. Franz Boas, cited in Derek Freeman, "On Franz Boas and the Samoan Researches of Margaret Mead," Cultural Anthropology 32, no. 3 ( June 1991): 324.
249. Derek Freeman, "Fa'apua'a Fa'amu and Margaret Mead," American Anthropologist 91 (1989): 1017.
250. Derek Freeman, Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983), 238-240.
251. Derek Freeman, "Inductivism and the Test of Truth," in The Samoa Reader, ed. Caton, 82.
252. Derek Freeman, "Rejoinder to Patience and Smith," American Anthropologist 88 (1986): 165.
253. Freeman, Margaret Mead and Samoa, 302.
254. All quotations in this passage are from Lowell Holmes, "A Sad Day for Anthropology," in The Samoa Reader, ed. Caton, 225.
255. Richard Handler, "Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, and the Growth of American Anthropology," Journal of American History 71, no. 1 (September 1984): 366.
256. Lowell Holmes, "The Margaret Mead Vendetta, Round Two," The World and I 14, no. 5 (May 1999): 262-266.
257. Allan Patience and Joseph Wayne Smith, "Derek Freeman and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of a Biobehavioral Myth," American Anthropologist 88 (1986): 161.
258. Richard Feinberg, "Margaret Mead and Samoa: Coming of Age in Fact and Fiction," American Anthropologist 90 (1988): 661.
259. Deborah Gordon, "The Unhappy Relationship of Feminism and Postmodernism in Anthropology," Anthropological Quarterly 66, no. 3 (1993): 111.
260. George Marcus, "One Man's Mead: Margaret Mead and Samoa," New York Times Book Review, March 27, 1983, 3, 22, 24.
261. Bonnie Nardi, "The Height of Her Powers: Margaret Mead's Samoa," Feminist Studies 10 (1984): 323-337.
262. Derek Freeman, "Paradigms in Collision: Margaret Mead's Mistake and What It Has Done to Anthropology," Skeptic 5, no. 3 (1997): 66-73.
263. Virginia Yans-McLaughlin, "Inquisition and Appreciation: Two Approaches to the Study of Anthropology," American Anthropology 36 (Summer 1984): 320.
264. Roy Rappaport, "The Oracle Profaned," in The Samoa Reader, ed. Caton, 224.
265. Scheper-Hughes, "Margaret Mead Controversy," 446.
266. Mead, Coming of Age in Samoa, 7.
267. Martin Orans, Not Even Wrong: Margaret Mead, Derek Freeman, and the Samoans (Novato, Calif.: Chandler and Sharp Publishers, 1996), 132.
268. Derek Freeman, "Was Margaret Mead Misled or Did She Mislead on Samoa?" Current Anthropology 41, no. 4 (August-October, 2000): 609-614.
269. Yans-McLaughlin, "Inquisition and Appreciation," 320-321.
270. Karl Heider, "The Rashomon Effect: When Ethnographers Disagree," American Anthropologist 90 (1988): 73-81.
271. Derek Freeman, "Comment on Heider's 'The Rashomon Effect,' " American Anthropologist 91 (1989): 169-171.
272. John Rhoades, "The 'Rashomon Effect' Reconsidered," American Anthropologist 91 (1989): 171.
273. Martin Orans, "Hoaxing, Polemics, and Science," Current Anthropology 41, no. 4 (August-October 2000): 615-616.
274. Paul Shankman, "The History of Samoan Sexual Conduct and the Mead-Freeman Controversy," American Anthropologist 98 (1996): 557.
275. James Côté, "Was Mead Wrong about Coming of Age in Samoa? An Analysis of the Mead/Freeman Controversy for Scholars of Adolescence and Human Development," Journal of Youth and Adolescence 21, no. 5 (1992): 507.
276. Marcus, "One Man's Mead," 22.
277. Roy Wagner, The Invention of Culture (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975), 10.
278. Eleanor Leacock, "Anthropologists in Search of a Culture: Mar-garet Mead, Derek Freeman, and All the Rest of Us," in Confronting the Margaret Mead Legacy, ed. Foerstal and Gilliam, 10-11.
279. F. Wendt, cited in Côté, "Was Mead Wrong about Coming of Age?" 524.
280. Frank Miele, "The Shadow of Caliban: An Introduction to the Tempestuous History of Anthropology," Skeptic 9, no. 1 (2001): 22.
281. Paul Ehrlich, The Population Bomb (New York: Ballantine Books, 1968).
282. Paul Ehrlich and Anne Ehrlich, The Population Explosion (New York: Hutchinson, 1990).
283. Paul Ehrlich, Human Natures: Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect (New York: Island Press, 2000), 87.
284. Paul Ehrlich and Marcus Feldman, "Genes and Cultures: What Creates Our Behavioral Phenome?" Current Anthropology 44, no. 1 (February 2003): 87.
285. Steven Pinker, How the Mind Works (New York: W.W. Norton, 1997),
286. The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature (New York: Viking Press, 2002).
287. Kenan Malik, "Human Conditions," review of The Blank Slate, by Steven Pinker, and Straw Dogs, by John Gray, Kenan Malik Web page, October 2002, www.kenanmalik.com/essays/pinker_gray.html.
288. Kenan Malik, "Genes, Environment, and Human Freedom," Kenan Malik Web page, March 2001, www.kenanmalik.com/essays/genes_freedom.html.
289. John Dupre, "Making Hay with Straw Men," American Scientist 91, no. 1 ( January-February 2003): 69.
290. The Yanomami are also called Yanomamo or Yanomama. Originally the spellings indicated different groups among the Yanomami, but the various terms are now used interchangeably. The word Yanomami means "human being."
291. Terry Turner and Leslie Sponsel, "Scandal about to Be Caused by Book by Patrick Tierney," anthro-l archives, September 22, 2000, http://listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0009&L=anthrol&F=&S=&P=15000.
292. Patrick Tierney, Darkness in El Dorado: How Scientists and Journalists Devastated the Amazon (New York: W.W. Norton, 2001), 59.
293. Turner and Sponsel, "Scandal about to Be Caused."
294. Tierney, Darkness in El Dorado, 8.
295. Napoleon Chagnon, "Life Histories, Blood Revenge, and Warfare in a Tribal Population," Science, February 26, 1988, 985.
296. Napoleon Chagnon, "Is Reproductive Success Equal in Egalitarian Societies?" in Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective, ed. Napoleon Chagnon and William Irons (North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1979), 374-401.
297. Clifford Geertz, "Life among the Anthros," New York Review of Books, February 8, 2001, 18.
298. Tierney, Darkness in El Dorado, 114-121.
299. Jack Snyder, "Anarchy and Culture: Insights from the Anthropology of War," International Organizations 56, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 7.
300. Chagnon, "Life Histories, Blood Revenge, and Warfare," 985.
301. Doyne Dawson, "The Origins of War: Biological and Anthropological Theories," History and Theory 35, no. 1 (February 1996): 8.
302. Leslie Sponsel, "Response to Otterbein," American Anthropologist 102 (2000): 837-841.
303. Ruth Benedict, Patterns of Culture (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 32.
304. American Anthropological Association (AAA), El Dorado Task Force Papers, vol. 1, 21-30, AAA Web site, May 2002, www.aaanet.org/edtf.
305. Susan Lindee, "Perspectives on Darkness in El Dorado," Current Anthropology 42, no. 2 (April 2001): 272-274.
306. AAA, El Dorado Task Force Papers, vol. 1, 44.
307. James Neel, "On Being a Headman," Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 23 (1980): 283.
308. John Tooby, "Executive Summary," in "Preliminary Report on Neel/Chagnon Allegations," 26, University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, October 11, 2001, www.anth.ucsb.edu/ucsbpreliminaryreport.pdf.
309. Tooby, "Executive Summary," 29.
310. Chagnon, cited in Tooby, "Executive Summary," 7.
311. Tooby, "Executive Summary," 8.
312. "E-mail from Peter Biella on 'Staged' Films" (September 19, 2000), in Tooby, "Executive Summary," 67.
313. AAA, El Dorado Task Force Papers, vol. 2, 85.
314. AAA, El Dorado Task Force Papers, vol. 1, 32.
315. Chagnon, "Life Histories, Blood Revenge, and Warfare," 985.
316. Ferguson, cited in AAA, El Dorado Task Force Papers, vol. 2, 88, 98.
317. Brian Ferguson, Yanomami Warfare (Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 1995), 169, 348.
318. Judith Shulevitz, "Is Anthropology Evil?" Slate, December 8, 2000, http://slate.msn.com/id/1006646.
319. R. Brian Ferguson, "10,000 Years of Tribal Warfare: History, Science, Ideology, and 'The State of Nature,' " Journal of the International Institute 8, no. 3 (2002), www.umich.edu/~iinet/ journal/vol8no3/ferguson.html.
320. Ferguson, "Materialist, Cultural, and Biological Theories on Why Yanomami Make War," Anthropological Theory 1, no. 1 (March 2001): 99-116.
321. Keith Otterbein, "A History of Research on Warfare in Anthropology," American Anthropologist 101 (1999): 794-805.
322. various responses to Otterbein in American Anthropologist 102 (2000).
323. Ferguson and Azar Gat, in Anthropological Quarterly 73, no. 3 ( July 2000): 159-168.
324. Lindee, "Perspectives on Darkness in El Dorado," 273.
325. Thomas Gregor and Daniel Gross, "Anthropology and the Search for the Enemy Within," Chronicle of Higher Education, July 26, 2002, B11.
326. AAA, El Dorado Task Force Papers, vol. 1, 9.
327. Joe Watkins, "Roles, Responsibilities, and Relationships between Anthropologists and Indigenous People," in AAA, El Dorado Task Force Papers, vol. 2, 64-79.
328. Gregor and Gross, "Anthropology and the Search for the Enemy Within," B11.
329. David Stoll, "Science Attacks Amazon Tribe," New Republic, March 19, 2001, 38.
330. Florinda Donner, Shabono (New York: Delacorte Press, 1982).
331. For criticism of Donner's work.
332. Rebecca De Holmes, "Shabono: Scandal or Superb Social Science?" American Anthropologist 85 (1983): 664-667.
333. Debra Picchi's review of Shabono in the same issue of American Anthropologist, 674-675.
334. For a lively defense of Donner's work.
335. Alcida Rita Ramos, "Reflecting on the Yanomami: Ethnographic Images and the Pursuit of the Exotic," in Rereading Cultural Anthropology, ed. George Marcus (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1992), 48-68.
336. Some primary examples of "fictocriticism" in anthropology are Michael Taussig, The Magic of the State (New York: Routledge, 1997).
337. the most famous early exemplar of this genre, Carlos Castaneda, Journey to Ixtlan: The Lessons of Don Juan (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972).
338. Mark Ritchie, Spirit of the Rainforest: A Yanomamö Story (Chicago: Island Lake Press, 1996).
339. Frank Salamone, The Yanomami and Their Interpreters: Fierce People or Fierce Interpreters? (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1997).
340. Linda Rabben, Unnatural Selection: The Yanomami, the Kayapo, and the Onslaught of Civilisation (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998).
341. The AAA confrontation is discussed in Neil Whitehead, "Yanomamology, Missiology, and Anthropology," American Anthropologist 100 (1998): 517-519.
342. Alcida Rita Ramos, "Perspectives on Tierney's Darkness in El Dorado," Current Anthropology 42, no. 1 (April 2000): 275.
343. Geertz, "Life among the Anthros," 18.
344. D.W. Miller, "Academic Scandal in the Internet Age," Chronicle of Higher Education, January 12, 2001, A14.
345. Ramos, "Perspectives on Tierney's Darkness in El Dorado," 275.
346. Fernando Coronil, introduction to "Perspectives on Tierney's Darkness in El Dorado," Current Anthropology 42, no. 2 (April 2001): 265-266.
347. AAA, El Dorado Task Force Papers, vol. 1, 9.
348. Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989), 8.
349. Chagnon and Irons, Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior.
350. Leonard Lieberman, "A Discipline Divided: Acceptance of Human Sociobiological Concepts in Anthropology," Current Anthropology 30, no. 5 (December 1989): 676-682.
351. Johan van der Dennen and Vincent Falger, eds., Sociobiology and Conflict (Bristol, U.K.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990).
352. Bill Durham, cited in Michael Shermer, "Spin-Doctoring the Yanomamo: Science as a Candle in the Darkness of the Anthropology Wars," Skeptic 9, no. 1 (2001): 39.
353. Ullica Segerstrale, "The Sociobiology of Conflict and the Conflict about Sociobiology," in van der Dennen and Falger, Sociobiology and Conflict, 273.
354. Lindee, "Perspectives on Tierney's Darkness in El Dorado," 274.
355. This summary of the curriculum changes at Stanford is based on Mary Louise Pratt, "I, Rigoberta Menchú and the 'Culture Wars,' " in The Rigoberta Menchú Controversy, ed. Arturo Arias (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001), 29-48.
356. "The Stanford Mind," editorial, Wall Street Journal, December 22, 1988.
357. Dinesh D'Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus (New York: Free Press, 1991), 67.
358. C. Vann Woodward, cited in Patricia Aufderheide, Beyond PC: Towards a Politics of Understanding (St. Paul, Minn.: Graywolf Press, 1992), 148-154.
359. Larry Rohter, "Rigoberta Menchú, Tarnished Laureate," New York Times, December 15, 1998.
360. Stoll later added a correction, acknowledging that Menchú had two brothers by the name of Nicolas. The first died as a baby, long before Rigoberta was born.
361. Jan Rus, introduction to "If Truth Be Told: A Forum on David Stoll's Rigoberta Menchú and the Story of All Poor Guatemalans," Latin American Perspectives 26, no. 6 (November 1999): 6.
362. David Stoll, Rigoberta Menchú and the Story of All Poor Guatemalans (New York: Westview Press, 1999), viii.
363. David Stoll, reply to Peter Canby, "The Truth about Rigoberta Menchú," New York Review of Books, October 21, 1999, www.nybooks.com/articles/353.
364. David Stoll, "The Battle of Rigoberta," in The Rigoberta Menchú Controversy, ed. Arias, 398.
365. Stoll, Rigoberta Menchú, xiii.
366. Daphne Patai, "Whose Truth? Iconicity and Accuracy in the World of Testimonial Literature," in The Rigoberta Menchú Controversy, ed. Arias, 279-280.
367. Elisabeth Burgos-Debray, "Testimonio and Transmission," Latin American Perspectives 26, no. 6 (November 1999): 86.
368. Patai, "Whose Truth?" 270-271.
369. Victoria Sanford, "The Silencing of Maya Women from Mama Maquin to Rigoberta Menchú," Social Justice 27, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 136.
370. Carol Smith, "Why Write an Exposé of Rigoberta Menchú," Latin American Perspectives 26, no. 6 (November 1999): 26.
371. Allen Carey-Webb, "Transformative Voices," in Teaching and Testimony: Rigoberta Menchú and the North American Classroom, ed. Allen Carey-Webb and Stephen Benz (New York: State University of New York Press, 1996), 6-7.
372. Rigoberta Menchú, I, Rigoberta Menchú: An Indian Woman in Guatemala, ed. and intro. Elisabeth Burgos-Debray, trans. Ann Wright (London: Verso, 1984), 1.
373. Mary Louise Pratt, "Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú," in Teaching and Testimony, ed. Carey-Webb and Benz, 65.
374. Mary Louise Pratt, "I, Rigoberta Menchú, and the 'Culture Wars,' " in Arias, The Rigoberta Menchú Controversy, 43.
375. Harvey Peskin, "Memory and Media: 'Cases' of Rigoberta Menchú and Benjamin Wilkomirski," Society (November-December 2000): 40.
376. Burgos-Debray, cited in Stoll, Rigoberta Menchú, 185.
377. Rino Avellaneda, Ksenija Bilbija, Laura Gutiérrez, Myriam Osorio, Stacey Skar, and Angela Wasia, "Testimonial Dictionary to the Reading of Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú," in Teaching and Testimony, ed. Carey-Webb and Benz, 209.
378. Roger Lancaster, "Rigoberta's Testimonio," NACLA Report on the Americas 32, no. 6 (May-June 1999): 4-5.
379. Arturo Arias, cited in Hal Cohen, "The Unmaking of Rigoberta Menchú," Lingua Franca ( July-August 1999): 52.
380. Primo Levi, The Drowned and the Saved, trans. Raymond Rosenthal (New York: Summit Books, 1988), 19.
381. McWhorter, cited in Damon Linker's review of Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America, by John McWhorter, Commentary (October 2000): 75.
382. Salman Rushdie, The Satanic Verses (London: Viking Press, 1988), 167-168.
383. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, "Can the Subaltern Speak?" in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, ed. Cary Nelson and Larry Grossberg (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1988), 271-313.
384. Arturo Arias, "Authoring Ethnicized Subjects: Rigoberta Menchú and the Performative Production of the Subaltern Self," Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 116, no. 1 ( January 2001): 75-76.
385. Stoll, Rigoberta Menchú, 277.
386. Arias, "Authoring Ethnicized Subjects," 81.
387. Stoll, Rigoberta Menchú, viv.
388. Carol Smith, "Stoll as a Victim," Latin American Perspectives 26, no. 6 (November 1999): 81-82.
389. Larry Rohter, "Tarnished Laureate: Nobel Winner Finds Her Story Challenged," New York Times, December 15, 1998.
390. reprinted in The Rigoberta Menchú Controversy, ed. Arias, 58-65.
391. Claudia Ferman, "Textual Truth, Historical Truth, and Media Truth: Everybody Speaks about the Menchús," in The Rigoberta Menchú Controversy, ed. Arias, 159.
392. Lancaster, "Rigoberta's Testimonio," 5.
393. Alcida Rita Ramos, "The Hyperreal Indian," Critique of Anthropology 14, no. 2 (1994): 171.
394. Among the many contributions to this fray.
395. Paul Gross and Norman Levitt, Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998).
396. Steven Weinberg, Facing Up: Science and Its Cultural Adversaries (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001).
397. James Robert Brown, Who Rules in Science? An Opinionated Guide to the Wars (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001).
398. The Social Text contribution to the culture wars was mostly a response to Higher Superstition. 260/ Notes to Pages 187-196
399. Alan Sokal, "Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity," Social Text 46-47 (Spring-Summer 1996): 217-252.
400. Among the many publications devoted to the Sokal affair.
401. Lingua Franca, The Sokal Hoax: The Sham That Shook the Academy (Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), and a forum of responses published in Social Text 50 (Spring 1997).
402. Paul A. Boghossian, "What the Sokal Hoax Ought to Teach Us: The Pernicious Consequences and Internal Contradictions of 'Postmodernist' Relativism," Times Literary Supplement, December 13, 1996, 14-15.
403. Alan Sokal, "A Physicist Experiments with Cultural Studies," Lingua Franca (May-June 1996).
404. reprinted in Editors of Lingua Franca, The Sokal Hoax, 51.
405. Jay Rosen, "Swallow Hard: What Social Text Should Have Done," Tikkun (September-October 1996): 59-61.
406. Ruth Rosen, "A Physics Prof Drops a Bomb on the Faux Left," Los Angeles Times, May 23, 1996.
407. Barbara Ehrenreich, "Farewell to a Fad," Progressive, March 1999, 17-18.
408. Bruce Robbins and Andrew Ross, "Response: Mystery Science Theater," Lingua Franca ( July-August 1996): 55.
409. reprinted in Editors of Lingua Franca, The Sokal Hoax, 51.
410. Stanley Fish, "Professor Sokal's Bad Joke," New York Times, May 21, 1996.
411. Stanley Aronowitz, "Alan Sokal's 'Transgression,' " Dissent 44, no. 1 (Winter 1997): 107-110.
412. John Horgan, cited in Bruce Robbins, "Anatomy of a Hoax," Tikkun (September-October 1996): 58-59.
413. Robbins misidentifies the writer as Paul Horgan.
414. Ellen Schrecker, Lingua Franca ( July-August 1996).
415. reproduced in Alan Sokal's Web site, http://physics.nyu.edu/~as2/mstsokal.html.
416. Paul R. Gross, "The So-Called Science Wars and Sociological Gravitas," Scientist, April 28, 1997, 8.
417. Sheila Jasanoff, "Is Science Socially Constructed?" Science and Engineering Ethics 2 (1996): 263-76.
418. Sheilla Jones, "The Culture Wars Reach the Heavens," Globe and Mail (Toronto), February 9, 2002.
419. Charles Percy Snow, The Two Cultures (London: Cambridge University Press, 1963).
420. For the Leavis-Snow controversy.
421. Frank Raymond Leavis, Two Cultures? The Significance of C. P. Snow (New York: Pantheon, 1963).
422. Roger Kimball, " 'The Two Cultures' Today," New Criterion, February 1994, www.newcriterion.com/archive/12/feb94/cultures.htm.
423. Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962).
424. John Sturrock, "Le Pauvre Sokal," London Review of Books, July 16, 1998, www.lrb.co.uk/v20/n14/stur01_.html.
425. Bruno Latour, "Is There Science after the Cold War?" Le Monde, January 3, 1997.
426. reprinted in Editors of Lingua Franca, The Sokal Hoax, 124.
427. Susan Lindee, "Wars of Out-Describing," Social Text 50 (1997): 139.
428. Alan Sokal, "Transgressing the Boundaries: An Afterword," Dissent 43, no. 1 (Fall 1996): 93.
429. Aronowitz, "Alan Sokal's 'Transgression,' " 108.
430. James Robert Brown, Who Rules in Science? A Guide to the Wars (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001), 5.
431. Steven Weinberg, "Sokal's Hoax," New York Review of Books, August 8, 1996, 11-15.
432. Michael Warner, Publics and Counterpublics (New York: Zone Books, 2002).
433. Ellen Willis, "My Sokaled Life; or, Revenge of the Nerds," in Editors of Lingua Franca, The Sokal Hoax, 136.
434. Andrew Ross, "Reflections on the Sokal Affair," Social Text 50 (Spring 1997): 151.
435. Jones, "The Culture Wars Reach the Heavens."
436. Richard Rorty, "Phony Science Wars," Atlantic Monthly, November 1999, 120-122.
437. For Sokal's Web site, see http://physics.nyu.edu/~as2.
438. Grichka Bogdanoff and Igor Bogdanoff, "Spacetime Metric and the KMS Condition at the Planck Scale," Annals of Physics 296 (2002): 96.
439. Dennis Overbye, "French Physicists' Cosmic Theory Creates a Big Bang of Its Own," New York Times, November 9, 2002.
440. Richard Monastersky, "The Emperor's New Science: French TV Stars Rock the World of Theoretical Physics," Chronicle of Higher Education, November 15, 2002, A16.
441. Roman Jackiw, cited in Overbye, "French Physicists' Cosmic Theory".
442. John Baez, cited in Andrew Orlowski, "Wine Bores Discover Physics," Register, December 13, 2003, www.theregister.co.uk/content/28/27963.html.
443. Daniel Strenheimer, cited in Overbye, "French Physicists' Cosmic Theory."
444. Journal editors cited in John Baez, "The Bogdanov Affair," John Baez's Web site, November 11, 2002, http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/bogdanov.html.
445. Jackiw, cited in Overbye, "French Physicists' Cosmic Theory."
446. Frank Wilczek, cited in Monastersky, "The Emperor's New Science."
447. Andrew Orlowski, "Physics Hoaxers Discover Quantum Bogosity," Register, November 1, 2002, www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/27894.html.
448. John Baez, "Re: Physics Bitten by Reverse Alan Sokal Hoax?" in sci.physics.research newsgroup, October 31, 2002, www.lns.cornell.edu/spr/2002-10/msg0045241.html.
449. Grichka Bogdanov and Igor Bogdanov, cited in Overbye, "French Physicists' Cosmic Theory."
450. John Nance, The Gentle Tasaday: A Stone Age People in the Philippine Rain Forest (London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), was the first major book to bring the Tasaday to the attention of Western readers.
451. Walter Goldschmidt, "An Anthropological View of the Counter-Culture Movement," in Exploring the Ways of Mankind: A Text-Casebook, ed. Walter Goldschmidt (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1977), 538.
452. Oswald Iten, "The Tasaday and the Press," in The Tasaday Controversy: Assessing the Evidence, ed. Thomas Headland (Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Association, 1992).
453. Among the many autopsies of the Tasaday affair.
454. Bruce Bower, "The Strange Case of the Tasaday: Were They Primitive Hunter-Gatherers or Rain-Forest Phonies?" Science News, May 6, 1989, 280-283.
455. Eliot Marshall, "Anthropologists Debate Tasaday Hoax Evidence," Science, December 1, 1989, 1113-1117.
456. Allan Palmer, "Primitives among Us," Science Communication 21, no. 3 (March 2000): 223-243.
457. Robin Hemley, Inventing Eden: The Elusive, Disputed History of the Tasaday Controversy (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2003).
458. Talal Asad, "Ethnography, Literature, and Politics: Some Readings and Uses of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses," Cultural Anthropology 5, no. 3 (August 1990): 260.
459. Jean-Paul Dumont, "The Tasaday: Which and Whose? Toward the Political Economy of an Ethnographic Sign," Cultural Anthropology 3, no. 3 (August 1988): 273.
460. F. R. Ankersmit, "Hayden White's Appeal to Historicism," History and Theory 37, no. 2 (May 1998): 189-190.
461. Clifford Geertz, Negra: The Theatre State in Nineteenth Century Bali (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980), 136.
462. Aram Yengoyan, "Shaping and Reshaping the Tasaday: A Question of Cultural Reality-A Review Article," Journal of Asian Studies 50, no. 3 (August 1991): 565.
463. Leslie Sponsel, "Ultraprimitive Pacifists: The Tasaday as a Symbol of Peace," Anthropology Today 6, no. 1 (February 1990): 3-5.
464. Jerold Auerbach, "The Corruption of Historians," Society (November-December 2002): 38-42.
465. Ralph Luker, "The Year We Got Caught," History News Network, December 30, 2002, http://hnn.us.articles/1184.html.
466. Gabrielle Spiegel, "History and Postmodernism," Past and Present 135 (May 1992): 196.
467. E.P. Thompson, The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays (London: Monthly Review Press, 1978), 27-29.
468. Jonathan Benthal, "The Tasaday Drama as Docu-Drama," Anthropology Today 6, no. 1 (February 1990): 16-18.
469. Oscar Handlin, "The Vulnerability of the American University," Encounter 35 ( July 1970): 25.
470. Kai Erikson, Wayward Puritans: A Study in the Sociology of Deviance (New York: John Wiley, 1966), 6, 13; emphasis in the original.
471. George Stocking, "Delimiting Anthropology: Historical Reflections on the Boundaries of a Boundless Discipline," Social Research 62, no. 4 (Winter 1995): 933-934.
472. Joyce Appleby, letter to the editor, OAH Newsletter (November 1991): 4.
473. David Thelen, Mary Frances Berry, Dan Carter, Cullom Davis, Sara Evens, Linda Gordon, Lawrence Levine, Mary Ryan, letter to the editor, OAH Newsletter (November 1991): 5.
474. American Historical Association, "AHA Announces Changes in Efforts Relating to Professional Misconduct," May 5, 2003, www.theaha.org/press/PR_Adjudication.htm.
475. Stocking, "Delimiting Anthropology," 933.
476. David Thelen, "Making History and Making the United States," Journal of American Studies 32, no. 1 (April 1998): 373-397.
477. Roy Rozenzweig and David Thelen, The Presence of the Past: Popular Uses of History in American Life (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998).
478. R. Laurence Moore, "Insiders and Outsiders in American Historical Narrative and American History," American Historical Review 87, no. 2 (April 1982): 390.
479. J.C. Davis, Fear, Myth, and History: The Ranters and the Historians (London: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 111.