Statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction: Recommendations for performance and interpretation Part II: How to perform cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic heart failure

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 300-311

  Piepoli, Massimo F ^a,b   Fattirolli, Franceso ^b   Chieffo, Carmine ^b   Griffo, Raffaello ^b   Pirelli, Salvatore ^b   Temporelli, PierLuigi ^b   Tramarin, Roberto ^b   Urbinati, Stefano ^b   Vigorito, Carlo ^b   Vona, Margherita ^b   Bjornstad, Hans ^b   Adamopoulos, Stamatis ^b   Dugmore, L ^b   Fioretti, Paolo ^b   Gaita, Dan ^b   Mendes, Miguel ^b   Bjarnason Wehrens, Birna ^b   Helleman, Irene ^b   McGee, Hanna ^b   Perk, Joep ^b   Corra, Ugo ^b   Agostoni, Pier Giuseppe ^b   Belardinelli, Romualdo ^b   Cohen Solal, Alain ^b   Hambrecht, Rainer ^b   Vanhees, Luc ^b   Coats, Andrew J S ^b   Francis, Darrel P ^b   Giannuzzi, Pantaleo ^b   Guazzi, Marco ^b   Metra, Marco ^b   Mezzani, Alessandro ^b   Ponikowski, Piotr ^b   Saner, Hugo ^b   more..

^a GUGLIELMO DA SALICETO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b NONE

Author keywords

exercise; heart failure; physiology; training

Indexed keywords

ANEMOMETER; ARTERIAL GAS; BICYCLE ERGOMETER; BREATH ANALYSIS; CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TEST; DATA ANALYSIS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; EXERCISE; GAS ANALYSIS; GAS EXCHANGE; HEART FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE; HEART REHABILITATION; HUMAN; MASS SPECTROMETER; MEDICAL SOCIETY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PNEUMOTACHYGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPIROMETRY; TREADMILL EXERCISE;

CARDIOLOGY; EXERCISE TEST; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; HUMANS; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS; VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, LEFT;

EID: 33746728642     PISSN: 20474873     EISSN: 20474881     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000214603.76242.d6     Document Type: Letter

References (37)

1. Piepoli M, Scott AS, Capucci A, Coats AJS. Skeletal muscle training in chronic heartfailure. Acta Physiol Scand 2001; 171: 295–303.
2. Chua TP, Ponikowski P, Harrington D, Anker SD, Webb-Peploe K, Clark AL, et al. Clinical correlates and prognostic significanceof the ventilatory response to exercise in chronic heartfailure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 1585–1590.
3. Francis DP, Shamin W, Davies LC, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Anker SD, Coats AJ. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for prognosis in chronic heartfailure: continuous and independent prognostic value fromVE/Vco2 slope and peak Vo2. Eur Heart J 2002; 21: 154–161.
4. Piepoli M, Ponikowski P, Clark AL, Banasiak W, Capucci A, Coats AJ. A neural link to explain the muscle hypothesis' ofexercise intolerance in chronic heart failure. AmHeart J 1999; 137: 1050–1056.
5. Verrill DE, Ribisl PM. Resistive exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation. Anupdate. Sports Med 1996; 21: 347–383.
6. Borg GA. Psychopysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982; 14: 377–381.
7. ACC/AHA Clinical Competence Statement on ExerciseTesting. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/AmericanHeart Association/American College ofPhysicians–American Society of Internal Medicine Task Force onClinical Competence. Circulation 2000; 102: 1726–1738.
8. Elborn JS, Stanford CF, Nicholls DP. Reproducibility of cardiopulmonary parameters during exercise inpatients with chronic cardiac failure. The need for a preliminarytest. Eur Heart J 1990; 11: 75–81.
9. Myers JN. Essentials of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Champaign, Illinois: HumanKinetics; 1996. Chapter 3, pp.59–83.
10. Finucane KE, Egan BA, Dawson SV. Linearity and frequency response ofpneumotachometers. J Appl Physiol 1972; 32: 121–126.
11. Miller MR, Pincok AC. Linearity and temperature control of the Fleischpneumotachometer. J Appl Physiol 1986; 60: 710–715.
12. Yeh MP, Adams TD, Gardner RM, Yanowitz FG. Turbine flowmeter vs. Fleisch pneumotachometer: a comparativestudy for exercise testing. J Appl Physiol 1987; 63: 1289–1295.
13. Porzasc J, Barstow TJ, Wasserman K. Evaluation of a symmetrically disposed Pitot tube flowmeter formeasuring gas flow during exercise. J Appl Physiol 1994; 77: 2659–2665.
14. Yoshiya I, Nakajima Y, Nagai I, Jitsukawa S. A bi-directional respiratory flowmeter using a hot-wireprinciple. J Appl Physiol 1975; 38: 360–365.
15. Yoshiya I, Shimada Y, Tanaka K. Evaluation of a hot-wire respiratory flowmeter for clinicalapplicability. J Appl Physiol 1979; 47: 1131–1135.
16. Snow M. Instrumentation. In: Clausen JL, editor. Pulmonary function testing guidelines andcontroversies. London: Grune & Stratton; 1984. pp.27–47.
17. Macfarlane DJ. Automated metabolic gas analysis systems. Areview. Sports Med 2001; 12: 841–861.
18. Jones NL. Clinical exercise testing. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WBSaunders; 1997. p. XI.
19. Beaver WL. Water vapor correction in oxygen consumptioncalculations. J Appl Physiol 1973; 35: 928–931.
20. Poole GW, Maskell RC. Validation of continuous determination of respired gas duringsteady-state exercise. J Appl Physiol 1975; 38: 736–738.
21. Spiro SG, Juniper E, Bowman P, Edwards RH. An increasing work rate test for assessing the physiologicalstrain of submaximal exercise. Clin Sci Mol Med 1974; 46: 191–206.
22. Jones NL. Evaluation of a microprocessor-controlled exercise testingsystem. J Appl Physiol 1984; 57: 1312–1318.
23. Beaver WL, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ. On-line computer analysis and breath-by-breath graphical displayof exercise function test. J Appl Physiol 1973; 34: 128–134.
24. Proctor DN, Beck KC. Time delays adjustment to minimize errors in breath-by-breathmeasurement of Vo2 during exercise. J Appl Physiol 1996; 81: 2495–2499.
25. Hughson RL, Northey DR, Xing HC, Dietrich BH, Cochrane JE. Alignment of ventilation and gas fraction for breath-by-breathrespiratory gas exchange calculations in exercise. Comp Biomed Res 1991; 24: 118–128.
26. Beaver WL, Lamarra N, Wasserman K. Breath-by-breath measurement of true alveolar gasexchange. J Appl Physiol 1981; 51: 1662–1675.
27. Sherril DL, Swanson GD. Application of the general linear model for smoothing gasexchange data. Comp Biomed Res 1989; 22: 270–281.
28. Weisman IM, Zeballos RJ. Clinical exercise testing. Prog Resp Res 2002; 32: 43–60.
29. Weisman IM, Zeballos RJ. Behind the scenes of cardiopulmonary exercisetesting. Clin Chest Med 1994; 15: 193–213.
30. American Thoracic Society. Standardization ofspirometry. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 1107–1136.
31. Francis DP, Davies LC, Piepoli M, Rauchhaus M, Ponikowski P, Coats AJ. Origin of oscillatory kinetics of respiratory gas exchange inchronic heart failure. Circulation 1999; 100: 1065–1070.
32. Piepoli MF, Ponikowski PP, Volterrani M, Francis D, Coats AJ. Aetiology and pathophysiological implications of oscillatoryventilation at rest and during exercise in chronic heart failure. Do Cheyneand Stokes have an important message for modern-day patients with heartfailure? Eur Heart J 1999; 20: 946–953.
33. Buchfuhrer MJ, Hansen JE, Robinson TE, Sue DY, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ. Optimizing the exercise protocol for cardiopulmonaryassessment. J Appl Physiol 1983; 55: 1588–1564.
34. Bruce PA, McDonough IR. Stress testing in screening for cardiovasculardisease. Bull NY Acad Med 1969; 45: 1288–1305.
35. Balke B, Ware R. An experimental study of physical fitness of Air forcepersonnel. US Armed Forces Med J 1959; 10: 675–688.
36. Nagie FJ, Balke B, Naughton JP. Gradational step tests for assessing workcapacity. J Appl Physiol 1965; 20: 745–748.
37. Pollock ML, Bohannon RL, Cooper KH, Ayres JJ, Ward A, White SR, Linnerud AC. A comparative analysis of four protocols for maximal exercisestress testing. Am Heart J 1976; 92: 39–46.