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It has become increasingly common to see articles with the terms "nonequilibrium trajectories" or "nonequilibrium paths" appearing even in the titles and abstracts. Strictly speaking, these terms are meaningless. A path is simply a sequence of positions in space, and a trajectory is a sequence of positions and times in spacetime. Although we can reasonably ask for the probability that a given trajectory was drawn from some particular equilibrium ensemble of trajectories, it makes no more sense to refer to a "nonequilibrium trajectory" than it would to talk about a "nonequilibrium velocity" for a molecule in a system at a given temperature.
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In changing variables from ζ(t) to h(t) the probability densities must satisfy ∫P[h(t)]dh=∫P[ζ(t)]dζ for any set of trajectories. Hence P[h(t)] = ∥dζ/dh∥P[ζ(t)], where ∥dζ/dh∥ = J[h(t)] is the Jacobian matrix that compensates for the nonlinear stretching and shrinking involved in transforming from trajectories in noise space ζ(t) to trajectories in the space h(t). An explicit expression for the Jacobian has been derived, but because it does not enter into calculations of the ratios of probability densities, or in calculations for path probabilities to first order in noise strength, we will not consider it further here.
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