A synthetic fluid inclusion study of copper solubility in hydrothermal brines from 525 to 725 °C and 0.3 to 1.7 GPa

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

Volumn 70, Issue 15, 2006, Pages 3970-3985

  Hack, Alistair C ^a   Mavrogenes, John A ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRINE; COPPER; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FLUID COMPOSITION; FLUID INCLUSION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; SOLUBILITY;

EID: 33746381646     PISSN: 00167037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.035     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Ahrland S., and Rawthorne J. The stability of metal chloride complexes in aqueous solution VII: the chloride complexes copper(I). Acta Chem. Scand. 24 (1970) 157-172
2. Akinfiev N.N., and Zotov A.V. Thermodynamic description of chloride, hydrosulfide, and hydroxo complexes of Ag(I), Cu(I), and Au(I) at temperatures of 25-500 °C and pressures of 1-2000 bar. Geochem. Int. 39 (2001) 990-1006
3. Archibald S.M., Migdisov A.A., and Williams-Jones A.E. An experimental study of the stability of copper chloride complexes in water vapor at elevated temperatures and pressures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66 (2002) 1611-1619
4. Barnes H.L. Measuring thermodynamically-interpretable solubilities at high pressures and temperatures. In: Wickman D.T.A.F.E. (Ed). Chemistry and Geochemistry of Solutions at High Pressures and Temperatures (1981), Pergamon Press 321-338
5. Berry, A.J., Hack, A.C., Mavrogenes, J.A., Newville, M., Sutton, S.R. (2006). A XANES study of Cu speciation in high-temperature brines using synthetic fluid inclusions. American Mineralogist (in press).
6. Bodnar, R.J. 1989. Synthetic fluid inclusions: A novel technique for experimental water-rock studies. In: Miles, D.L. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th International Water-Rock Symposium, A.A. Balkema Publishing Copp. 99-102.
7. Bodnar, R.J. 1995. Fluid inclusion evidence for a magmatic source for metals in porphyry copper deposits. In: Thompson, J.F.H. (Ed.), Magmas, Fluid and Ore Deposits. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course, vol. 23, pp. 139-152.
8. Bodnar R.J., and Beane R.E. Temporal and spatial variations in hydrothermal fluid characteristics during vein filling in pre-ore cover overlying deeply buried porphyry copper-type mineralization at Red Mountain, Arizona. Econ. Geol. 75 (1980) 876-893
9. Bodnar R.J., and Sterner S.M. Synthetic fluid inclusions. In: Ulmer G.C., and Barnes H.L. (Eds). Hydrothermal Experimental Techniques (1987), Wiley-Interscience 423-457
10. Brimhall G.H., and Crerar D.A. Ore fluids: magmatic to supergene. Rev. Mineral. 17 (1987) 235-321
11. Burnham C.W. Magmas and hydrothermal fluids. In: Barnes H.L. (Ed). Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits (1979), John Wiley and Sons, new york 71-136
12. Candela P.A., and Holland H.D. The partitioning of copper and molybdenum between silicate melts and aqueous fluids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48 (1984) 373-380
13. Cathles L.M. Analysis of cooling of intrusives by groundwater convection which includes boiling. Econ. Geol. 72 (1977) 804-826
14. Cline J.S., and Bodnar R.J. Can economic porphyry copper mineralization be generated by a typical calc-alkaline melt. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth Planets 96 (1991) 8113-8126
15. Crerar D.A., and Barnes H.L. Ore solution chemistry. 5. Solubilities of chalcopyrite and chalcocite assemblages in hydrothermal solution at 200° to 350 °C. Econ. Geol. 71 (1976) 772-794
16. Crerar D.A., Susak N.J., Borcsik M., and Schwartz S. Solubility of buffer assemblage pyrite + pyrrhotite + magnetite in NaCl solutions from 200 to 350 °C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 42 (1978) 1427-1437
17. Dilles J.H. Petrology of the Yerington Batholith, Nevada: evidence for evolution of porphyry copper ore fluids. Econ. Geol. 82 (1987) 1750-1789
18. Drummond S.E., and Ohmoto H. Chemical evolution and mineral deposition in boiling hydrothermal systems. Econ. Geol. 80 (1985) 126-147
19. Eastoe C.J. Fluid inclusion study of Panguna porphyry copper deposit, Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol. 73 (1978) 721-748
20. Eggins S.M., Kinsley L.P.J., and Shelley J.M.G. Deposition and element fractionation processes during atmospheric pressure laser sampling for analysis by ICP-MS. Appl. Surf. Sci. 129 (1998) 278-286
21. Eggins S.M., Rudnick R.L., and McDonough W.F. The composition of peridotites and their minerals: a laser-ablation ICP-MS study. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 154 (1998) 53-71
22. Etminan, H. 1977. Le porphyre cuprifère de Sar Cheshmeh (Iran): Rôle des phases fluides dans les mécanismes d'altération et de minéralisation. In: Sciences de la Terre, Université de Nancy, Mémoires, vol. 34, p. 249.
23. Frantz J.D., and Marshall W.L. Electrical conductances and ionisation constants of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride in aqueous solutions at temperatures to 600 °C and pressures to 4000 bars. Am. J. Sci. 282 (1982) 1666-1693
24. Fulton J.L., Hoffmann M.M., and Darab J.G. An X-ray absorption fine structure study of copper(I) chloride coordination structure in water up to 325 °C. Chem. Phys. Lett. 330 (2000) 300-308
25. Fulton J.L., Hoffmann M.M., Darab J.G., Palmer B.J., and Stern E.A. Copper(I) and copper(II) coordination structure under hydrothermal conditions at 325 °C: An X-ray absorption fine structure and molecular dynamics study. J. Phys. Chem. A 104 (2000) 11651-11663
26. Fulton J.L., Chen Y., Heald S.M., and Balasubramanian M. High-pressure, high-temperature X-ray absorption fine structure transmission cell for the study of aqueous ions with low absorption-edge energies. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 (2004) 5228-5231
27. Giggenbach W.F. Isotopic shifts in waters from geothermal and volcanic systems along convergent plate boundaries and their origin. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 113 (1992) 495-510
28. Giggenbach W.F. The origin and evolution of fluids in magmatic-hydrothermal systems. In: Barnes H.L. (Ed). Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. 3rd ed. (1997), Wiley-Interscience 737-796
29. 2-NaCl-HCl fluids in the range 500-700 °C, 2 kb. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55 (1991) 2819-2829
30. Günther D., Audétat A., Frischknecht R., and Heinrich C.A. Quantitative analysis of major, minor and trace elements in fluid inclusions using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13 (1998) 263-270
31. Gustafson L.B., and Hunt J.P. Porphyry copper deposit at El Salvador, Chile. Econ. Geol. 70 (1975) 857-912
32. Hack A.C., and Mavrogenes J.A. A cold-sealing capsule design for synthesis of fluid inclusions and other hydrothermal experiments in a piston-cylinder apparatus. Am. Mineral. 91 (2006) 203-210
33. Harris A.C., Kamenetsky V.S., White N.C., van Achterbergh E., and Ryan C.G. Melt inclusions in veins: linking magmas and porphyry Cu deposits. Science 302 (2003) 2109-2111
34. Hedenquist J.W., and Lowenstern J.B. The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. Nature 370 (1994) 519-527
35. Hedenquist J.W., Simmons S.F., Giggenbach W.F., and Eldridge C.S. White Island, New Zealand, volcanic-hydrothermal system represents the geochemical environment of high-sulfidation Cu and Au ore deposition. Geology 21 (1993) 731-734
36. Heinrich C.A., Driesner T., Stefánsson A., and Seward T.M. Magmatic vapor contraction and the transport of gold from the porphyry environment to epithermal ore deposits. Geology 32 (2004) 761-764
37. Heinrich C.A., Günther D., Audétat A., Ulrich T., and Frischknecht R. Metal fractionation between magmatic brine and vapor, determined by microanalysis of fluid inclusions. Geology 27 (1999) 755-758
38. Heinrich C.A., Ryan C.G., Mernagh T.P., and Eadington P.J. Segregation of ore metals between magmatic brine and vapor-a fluid inclusion study using PIXE microanalysis. Econ. Geol. 87 (1992) 1566-1583
39. Helgeson H.C. Complexing and Hydrothermal Ore Deposition (1964), Pergamon Press, NY
40. Helgeson H.C. Thermodynamics of hydrothermal systems at elevated temperatures and pressures. Am. J. Sci. 267 (1969) 729-804
41. Helgeson H.C., Delany J.M., Nesbitt H.W., and Bird D.K. Summary and critique of the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals. Am. J. Sci. 278 (1978) 1-229
42. Helgeson H.C., Kirkham D.H., and Flowers G.C. Theoretical prediction of the thermodynamic behavior of aqueous-electrolytes at high-pressures and temperatures. 4. Calculation of activity-coefficients, osmotic coefficients, and apparent molal and standard and relative partial molal properties to 600 °C and 5 kb. Am. J. Sci. 281 (1981) 1249-1516
43. Hemley J.J., Cygan G.L., Fein J.B., Robinson G.R., and Dangelo W.M. Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock-buffered systems.1. Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility relations. Econ. Geol. 87 (1992) 1-22
44. Henley R.W., and McNabb A. Magmatic vapor plumes and groundwater interaction in porphyry copper emplacement. Econ. Geol. 73 (1978) 1-20
45. Hezarkhani A., Williams-Jones A.E., and Gammons C.H. Factors controlling copper solubility and chalcopyrite deposition in the Sungun porphyry copper deposit, Iran. Miner. Deposita 34 (1999) 770-783
46. Holland H.D. Granites, solutions, and base metal deposits. Econ. Geol. 67 (1972) 281-301
47. 2O in the range 1 bar to 50 kbar and 100-1600 °C. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 109 (1991) 265-273
48. Invernizzi C., Vityk M.O., Cello G., and Bodnar R.J. Fluid inclusions in high pressure/low temperature rocks from the Calabrian Arc (southern Italy): the burial and exhumation of the subduction-related Diamante-Terranova unit. J. Metamorph. Geol. 16 (1998) 247-258
49. Johnson J.W., Oelkers E.H., and Helgeson H.C. Supcrt92-A software package for calculating the standard molal thermodynamic properties of minerals, gases, aqueous species, and reactions from 1 bar to 5000 bar and 0 °C to 1000 °C. Comput. Geosci. 18 (1992) 899-947
50. 2O-HF. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 109 (1991) 139-150
51. Liu W., Brugger J., McPhail D.C., and Spiccia L. A spectrophotometric study of aqueous copper(I)-chloride complexes in LiCl solutions between 100 °C and 250 °C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66 (2002) 3615-3633
52. Liu W., and McPhail D.C. Thermodynamic properties of copper chloride complexes and copper transport in magmatic-hydrothermal solutions. Chem. Geol. 221 (2005) 21-39
53. Liu W., McPhail D.C., and Brugger J. An experimental study of copper(I)-chloride and copper(I)-acetate complexing in hydrothermal solutions between 50 °C and 250 °C and vapor-saturated pressure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65 (2001) 2937-2948
54. Loucks R.R., and Mavrogenes J.A. Gold solubility in supercritical hydrothermal brines measured in synthetic fluid inclusions. Science 284 (1999) 2159-2163
55. 2O-HCl. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49 (1985) 525-538
56. 2O in the lower crust and upper-mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58 (1994) 4831-4839
57. 2O-HCl. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrograph. Mitt. 78 (1998) 225-242
58. Meinert L.D., Hefton K.K., Mayes D., and Tasiran I. Geology, zonation, and fluid evolution of the big Gossan Cu-Au skarn deposit, Ertsberg district: Irian Jaya. Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. 92 (1997) 509-534
59. NBS. 1970. Trace elements in glass SRMs: 610 through 619, inclusive. National Bureau of Standards (certificate), 1-4.
60. Oelkers E.H., and Helgeson H.C. Triple-ion anions and polynuclear complexing in supercritical electrolyte solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54 (1990) 727-738
61. Oelkers E.H., and Helgeson H.C. Calculation of activity coefficients and degrees of formation of neutral ion-pairs in supercritical electrolyte solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55 (1991) 1235-1251
62. Pearce N.J.G., Perkins W.T., Westgate J.A., Gorton M.P., Jackson S.E., Neal C.R., and Chenery S.P. A compilation of new and published major and trace element data for NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 glass reference materials. Geostandard. Newsl. 21 (1997) 115-144
63. Reynolds T.J., and Beane R.E. Evolution of hydrothermal fluid characteristics at the Santa Rita, New Mexico, porphyry copper deposit. Econ. Geol. 80 (1985) 1328-1347
64. Romberger S.B., and Barnes H.L. Ore solution chemistry II. Solubility of CuS in sulfide solutions. Econ. Geol. 65 (1970) 901-919
65. Rose A.W. Zonal relations of wallrock alteration and sulfide distribution at porphyry copper deposits. Econ. Geol. 65 (1970) 920-936
66. Ruaya J.R. Estimation of the instability constants of metal chloride complexes in hydrothermal solutions up to 300 °C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52 (1988) 1983-1996
67. Ryabchikov I.D., Orlova G.P., Efimov A.S., and Kalenchuk G.E. Copper in the system granite-fluid. Geokhimiya 9 (1980) 1320-1326
68. Sawkins F.J., and Scherkenbach D.A. High copper content of fluid inclusions in quartz from Northern Sonora-implications for ore genesis theory. Geology 9 (1981) 37-40
69. Seyfried W.E., and Ding K. The effect of redox on the relative solubilities of copper and iron in Cl-bearing aqueous fluids at elevated temperatures and pressures-an experimental study with application to subseafloor hydrothermal systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57 (1993) 1905-1917
70. Sheppard S.M., Nielsen R.L., and Taylor H.P. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios of clay minerals from porphyry copper deposits. Econ. Geol. 64 (1969) 755-777
71. Sheppard S.M., Nielsen R.L., and Taylor H.P. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in minerals from porphyry copper deposits. Econ. Geol. 66 (1971) 515-542
72. Shock E.L., Sassani D.C., Willis M., and Sverjensky D.A. Inorganic species in geologic fluids: correlations among standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous ions and hydroxide complexes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61 (1997) 907-950
73. Sibson R.H. Earthquake rupturing as a mineralizing agent in hydrothermal systems. Geology 15 (1987) 701-704
74. Sibson R.H. Implications of fault-valve behavior for rupture nucleation and recurrence. Tectonophysics 211 (1992) 283-293
75. 2O-NaCl at elevated temperatures and pressures. Am. J. Sci. 260 (1962) 115-141
76. Stefánsson A., and Seward T.M. Stability of chloridogold(I) complexes in aqueous solutions from 300 to 600 °C and from 500 to 1800 bar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67 (2003) 4559-4576
77. Sterner S.M., and Bodnar R.J. Synthetic fluid inclusions in natural quartz. I. Compositional types synthesized and applications to experimental geochemistry. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48 (1984) 2659-2668
78. Stoffregen R. Genesis of acid-sulfate alteration and Au-Cu-Ag mineralization at Summitville, Colorado. Econ. Geol. 82 (1987) 1575-1591
79. Sverjensky D.A., Shock E.L., and Helgeson H.C. Prediction of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous metal complexes to 1000 °C and 5 kb. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61 (1997) 1359-1412
80. 0. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61 (1997) 4267-4280
81. Tanger J.C., and Helgeson H.C. Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport-properties of aqueous species at high-pressures and temperatures-Revised equations of state for the standard partial molal properties of ions and electrolytes. Am. J. Sci. 288 (1988) 19-98
82. Ulrich T., Günther D., and Heinrich C.A. Gold concentrations of magmatic brines and the metal budget of porphyry copper deposits. Nature 399 (1999) 676-679
83. Ulrich T., Günther D., and Heinrich C.A. The evolution of a porphyry Cu-Au deposit, based on LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions: Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina. Econ. Geol. 96 (2001) 1743-1774
84. Var'yash L.N. Experimental study of Cu(I) complex formation in NaCl solutions at 300 and 350 °C. Geokhimiya 8 (1991) 1166-1174
85. Var'yash L.N., and Rekharsky V.I. Behavior of mono-valent copper in chloride solutions. Geokhimiya 7 (1981) 1003-1008
86. 2O solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61 (1997) 3311-3318
87. Williams T.J., Candela P.A., and Piccoli P.M. The partitioning of copper between silicate melts and two-phase aqueous fluids: an experimental investigation at 1 kbar, 800 °C and 0.5 kbar, 850 °C. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 121 (1995) 388-399
88. Xiao Z.F., Gammons C.H., and Williams-Jones A.E. Experimental study of copper(I) chloride complexing in hydrothermal solutions at 40 to 300 °C and saturated water vapor pressure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 2949-2964