Prediction of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous metal complexes to 1000°C and 5 kb

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

Volumn 61, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 1359-1412

  Sverjensky, D A ^a   Shock, E L ^b   Helgeson, H C ^c  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METAL; MINERAL;

AQUEOUS METAL COMPLEX; EQUATION OF STATE; PARTIAL MOLAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMICS;

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CHEMICAL MODEL; CHEMISTRY; GEOLOGY; HEAT; MATHEMATICS; TEMPERATURE; THERMODYNAMICS;

ALGORITHMS; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; EARTH (PLANET); GEOLOGY; HEAT; MATHEMATICS; METALS; MINERALS; MODELS, CHEMICAL; TEMPERATURE; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 0030987703     PISSN: 00167037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00009-4     Document Type: Article

References (200)

1. Ahrland S. (1972) How to distinguish between inner and outer sphere complexes in aqueous solution. Thermodynamic and other criteria. Coord. Chem. Rev. 8, 21-29.
2. Akitt J. W. (1980) Limiting single-ion molar volumes. Intrinsic volume as a function of the solvent parameters. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 76, 2259-2284.
3. Allakhverdov G. R. (1985) Calculation of the formation constants of singly charged complex ions of bivalent metals in solutions. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 59, 39-41.
4. Altynov V. I. and Ptitsyn B. V. (1962) Theory of the silver chloride electrode and determination of the instability constants of complex chlorides. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 7, 1088-1091.
5. Amari T., Furahashi S., and Tanaka M. (1988) Dilatometric studies on reaction volumes for the formation of nickel (II) complexes in aqueous solutions. Inorg. Chem. 27, 3368-3372.
6. Amend J. P. and Helgeson H. C. (1997) Group additivity equations of state for calculating the standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous organic species at elevated temperatures and pressures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 11-46.
7. Anderson G. M. and Burnham C. W. (1967) Reactions of quartz and corundum with aqueous chloride and hydroxide solutions at high temperatures and pressures. Amer. J. Sci. 265, 12-27.
8. Anderson G. M. and Burnham C. W. (1983) Feldspar solubility and the transport of aluminum under metamorphic conditions. Amer. J. Sci. 283, 283-297.
9. Anderson G. M., Castet S., Schott J., and Mesmer R. E. (1991) The density model for estimation of thermodynamic parameters of reactions at high temperatures and pressures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 1769-1779.
10. Apted M. J., Waychunas G. A., and Brown, G. E. (1985) Structure and speciation of iron complexes in aqueous solutions determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 2081-2089.
11. Archer D. G. and Wood R. H. (1985) Chemical equilibrium model applied to aqueous magnesium sulfate solutions. J. Soln. Chem. 14, 757-780.
12. Arnórsson S., Sigurdsson S., and Svavarsson H. (1982) The chemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland. I. Calculation of aqueous speciation from 0° to 370°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 1513-1532.
13. Arnórsson S., Gunnlaugsson E., and Svavarsson H. (1983) The chemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland. II. Mineral equilibria and independent variables controlling water compositions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 547-566.
14. Banks W. H., Righellato E. C., and Davies C. W. (1931) The extent of dissociation of salts in water. Part III. Trans. Faraday Soc. 27, 621-628.
15. Bell R. P. and George J. H. B. (1953) Incomplete dissociation of some thallous and calcium salts at different temperatures. Trans. Faraday Soc. 49, 619-627.
16. Benning L. G. and Seward T. M. (1996) Hydrosulfide complexing of Au(I) in hydrothermal solutions from 150-400°C and 500-1500 bars. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 1849-1872.
17. Benson S. W. (1968) Thermochemical Kinetics. Wiley.
18. Bjerrum N. (1926) Untersuchungen über Ionerassoziation. Der Einfluss der Ion Mass auf die Aktivität der Ionen bei mittleren Assoziationsgraden. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. 7, 1-48.
19. Bourcier W. L. and Barnes H. L. (1987) Ore solution chemistry -VII. Stabilities of chloride and bisulfide complexes of zinc to 35°C. Econ. Geol. 82, 1839-1863.
20. 2O fluids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 1563-1574.
21. Brimhall G. H. and Crerar D. A. (1987) Ore fluids: magmatic to supergene. In Thermodynamic Modeling of Geologic Materials: Minerals Fluids and Melts (ed. I. S. E. Carmichael and H. P. Eugster), Vol. 17, pp. 235-321. Mineral. Soc. Amer.
22. Bryzgalin O. V. (1986) Estimating dissociation constants in the supercritical region for some strong electrolytes from an electrostatic model. Geochem. Int. 23, 84-95.
23. Bryzgalin O. V. and Rafal'skiy R. P. (1981) Estimation of instability constants for ore-element complexes at elevated temperatures. Geochemistry 18, 158-168.
24. Bryzgalin O. V. and Ryzhenko B. N. (1981) Forecasting the temperature and pressure dependencies of electrolyte dissociation constants from an elementary electrostatic model. Geokhimya 12, 1886.
25. Bury R. M., Justice M.-C., and Justice J.-C. (1969) Correlations entre les parametres fondamentaux des theories relatives a la conductibilite et au coefficient d'activite des electrolytes. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 268, 670-673.
26. 2+(aq). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 10, 2225-2234.
27. 3(cr) at 25°C and 1 atm total pressure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 2021-2035.
28. Busey R. H. and Mesmer R. E. (1977) Ionization equilibria of silicic acid and polysilicate formation in aqueous sodium chloride solutions to 300 C. Inorg. Chem. 16, 2444-2450.
29. Chen X., Izatt R. M., and Oscarson J. L. (1994) Thermodynamic data for ligand interaction with protons and metal ions in aqueous solutions at high temperatures. Chem. Rev. 94, 467-517.
30. Cobble J. W. (1953a) Empirical considerations of entropy. I. The entropies of the oxy-anions and related species. J. Chem. Phys. 21, 1443-1446.
31. Cobble J. W. (1953b) Empirical considerations of entropy. II. The entropies of inorganic complex ions. J. Chem. Phys. 21, 1446-1450.
32. Cobble J. W. (1964) The thermodynamic properties of high temperature aqueous solutions. VI. Applications of entropy correspondence to thermodynamics and kinetics. Amer. Chem. Soc. J. 86, 5394-5401.
33. Criss C. M. and Cobble J. W. (1964a) The thermodynamic properties of high temperature aqueous solutions. V. The calculation of ionic heat capacities up to 200°. Entropies and heat capacities above 200°. Amer. Chem. Soc. J. 86, 5390-5393.
34. Criss C. M. and Cobble J. W. (1964b) The thermodynamic properties of high temperature aqueous solutions. IV. Entropies of the ions up to 200° and the correspondence principle. Amer. Chem. Soc. J. 86, 5385-5390.
35. Cygan G. L., Hemley J. J., and d'Angelo W. M. (1994) An experimental study of zinc chloride speciation from 300 to 600 C and 0.5 to 2.0 kbar in buffered hydrothermal solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 4841-4855.
36. Davies C. W. (1962) Ion Association. Butterworth, London.
37. Dunn L. A. and Marshall W. L. (1969) Electrical conductances and ionization behavior of sodium chloride in dioxane-water mixtures at 100°C. J. Phys. Chem. 73, 2619-2622.
38. Eigen M. and Wicke E. (1954) The thermodynamics of electrolytes at higher concentration. J. Phys. Chem. 58, 702-714.
39. Eugster H. P. (1981) Metamorphic solutions and reactions. In Proc. Nobel Symposium on the Chemistry and Geochemistry of Solutions at High Temperatures and Pressures, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (ed. F. Wickman and D. Rickard), Vol. 13/14, pp. 461-507. Pergamon.
40. Eugster H. P. (1986) Minerals in hot water. Amer. Mineral. 71, 655-673.
41. Eugster H. P. and Baumgartner L. (1987) Mineral solubilities and speciation in metamorphic fluids. In Thermodynamic Modeling of Geologic Materials: Minerals Fluids and Melts (ed. I. S. E. Carmichael and H. P. Eugster), Vol. 17, pp. 367-404. Mineral. Soc. Amer.
42. Farges F., Sharps J. A., and Brown G. E. (1993) Local environment around gold (III) in aqueous chloride solutions: An EXAFS spectroscopic study. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 1243-1252.
43. Fedorov V. A. et al. (1972) Influence of ionic strength of the solution on the formation of the bromo-chloro-complex of lead (II). Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 17, 41-43.
44. Fein J. B., Hemley J. J., d'Angelo W. M., Komninou A., and Sverjensky D. A. (1992) Experimental study of iron-chloride complexing in hydrothermal fluids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3179-3190.
45. + complex ion. J. Phys. Chem. 71, 819-822.
46. 4- ion pairs in aqueous solutions at pressures up to 2000 atm. J. Sol. Chem. 7, 561-570.
47. 2O-Lösungen bis 750°C. Zeit. Physikal. Chem. Neue Folge 8, 92-106.
48. Franck E. U. (1981) Survey of selected non-thermodynamic properties and chemical phenomena of fluids and fluid mixtures. In Proc. Nobel Symposium on the Chemistry and Geochemistry of Solutions at High Temperatures and Pressures. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (ed. F. Wickman and D. Rickard), Vol. 13/14, pp. 65-88. Pergamon.
49. Frantz J. D. and Marshall W. L. (1982) Electrical conductances and ionization constants of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride in aqueous solutions at temperatures to 600°C and pressures to 4000 bars. Amer. J. Sci. 282, 1666-1693.
50. Fromherz H. and Lih K.-H. (1931) Spektroskopische untersuchung der dissoziatonsverhaltnisse von blei- und thallohalogeniden in wasserigen losung. Zeit. Physikal. Chem. 153, 321-375.
51. Fuoss R. M. (1958) Ionic association. III. The equilibrium between ion pairs and free ions. J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 80, 5059-5061.
52. - ion pair in supercritical water. J. Phys. Chem. 98, 6049-6053.
53. Gammons C. H. (1995). Experimental investigations of the hydrothermal geoichemistry of platinum and palladium: IV. The stoichiometry of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) chloride complexes at 100 to 300°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 1655-1667.
54. 2S in near-neutral aqueous sulfide solutions at 25 to 300°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 279-290.
55. Gammons C. H. and Seward T. M. (1996) Stability of manganese(II) chloride complexes from 25 to 300°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 4295-4312.
56. Gammons C. H. and Williams-Jones A. E. (1995) The solubility of Au-Ag alloy + AgCl in HCl/NaCl solutions at 300 C: New data on the stability of Au(I) chloride complexes in hydrothermal solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 3453-3468.
57. Garrett A. B., Bryant R., and Kiefer G. F. (1943) Activity coefficients of lead chloride determined from E.m.f. and solubility data at 25°C in ethylene glycol-water solution. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 65, 1905-1907.
58. George J. H. B. (1959) Entropies of association of ions in solution. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 81, 5530-5532.
59. Gilkerson W. R. (1956) Application of free-volume theory to ion-pair dissociation constants. J. Chem. Phys. 25, 1199-1202.
60. Gilkerson W. R. (1970) The importance of the effect of the solvent dielectric constant on ion-pair formation in water at high temperatures and pressures. J. Chem. Phys. 74, 746-750.
61. + in aqueous solution from 250 to 325°C. J. Sol. Chem. 21, 761-788.
62. Giordano T. H. and Barnes H. L. (1979) Ore solution chemistry VI. PbS solubility in bisulfide solutions to 300°C. Econ. Geol. 74, 1637-1646.
63. Giordano T. H. and Drummond S. E. (1991) The potentiometric determination of stability constants for zinc acetate complexes in aqueous solutions to 295°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 2401-2415.
64. Greenberg S. A. and Price E. W. (1957) The solubility of silica in solutions of electrolytes. J. Phys. Chem. 61, 1539-1541.
65. Guggenheim E. A. (1969) Corresponding conductances. Trans. Faraday Soc. 65, 2474-2479.
66. Gurney R. W. (1936) Ions in Solution. Cambridge University Press.
67. Gurney R. W. (1938) Exchange forces and electrostatic forces between ions in solution. J. Chem. Phys. 6, 499.
68. Gurney R. W. (1953) Ionic Processes in Solution. Dover.
69. Hamann S. D. (1974) Electrolyte solutions at high pressure. In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry No. 9 (ed. Conway B. E. and Bockris J. O.), pp. 47-158. Plenum.
70. Harman R. W. (1928) Aqueous solutions of sodium silicates: Part VIII. J. Phys. Chem. 32, 44-60.
71. Heinrich C. A. and Seward T. M. (1990) A spectrophotometric study of aqueous iron (II) chloride complexing from 25 to 200°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 2207-2221.
72. Helgeson H. C. (1964) Complexing and Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Pergamon.
73. Helgeson H. C. (1967) Thermodynamics of complex dissociation in aqueous solution at elevated temperatures. J. Phys. Chem. 71, 3121-3136.
74. Helgeson H. C. (1969) Thermodynamics of hydrothermal systems at elevated temperatures and pressures. Amer. J. Sci. 261, 729-804.
75. Helgeson H. C. (1970) A chemical and thermodynamic model of ore deposition in hydrothermal systems. In Mineralogical Society of America Special Paper; Fiftieth Anniv. Symp. (ed. B. A. Morgan), Vol. 3, pp. 155-186.
76. Helgeson H. C. (1979) Mass transfer among minerals and hydrothermal solutions. In Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits (ed. H. L. Barres), pp. 568-610. Holt, Rhinehart, and Winston.
77. Helgeson H. C. (1985) Some Thermodynamic Aspects of Geochemistry. Pure Appl. Chem. 57, 31-44.
78. 2O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 56, 3191-3208.
79. Helgeson H. C. and Kirkham D. H. (1976) Theoretical prediction of the thermodynamic behavior of aqueous electrolytes at high pressures and temperatures: III. Equation of state for aqueous species at infinite dilution. Amer. J. Sci. 276, 97-240.
80. Helgeson H. C., Kirkham D. H., and Flowers G. C. (1981) Theoretical prediction of the thermodynamic behavior of aqueous electrolytes at high pressures and temperatures: IV. Calculation of activity coefficients, osmotic coefficients, and apparent molal and standard and relative partial molal properties to 600°C and 5 kbar. Amer. J. Sci. 281, 1249-1516.
81. Hemley J. J. (1953) A study of lead sulfide solubility and its relation to ore deposition. Econ. Geol. 48, 113-138.
82. 2O. Amer. J. Sci. 257, 241-270.
83. Hemley J. J. and Hunt J. P. (1992) Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock-buffered systems: II, Some general geologic applications. Econ. Geol. 87, 23-43.
84. Hemley J. J. and Jones W. R. (1964) Chemical aspects of hydrothermal alteration with emphasis on hydrogen metasomatism. Econ. Geol. 59, 538-569.
85. 2O system: I Talc-chrysotile-forsterite-burcite stability ralations. Amer. J. Sci. 277, 322-351.
86. 2O system: II Talc-anigorite-forsterite-anthophyllite-enstatite stability relations and some geologic implications in the system. Amer. J. Sci. 277, 353-383.
87. 2O and some general implications for alteration/mineralization processes. Econ. Geol. 75, 210-228.
88. Hemley J. J., Cygan G. L., Fein J. B., Robinson G. R., and d'Angelo W. M. (1992) Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock-buffered systems: I, Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility systems. Econ. Geol. 87, 1-22.
89. Home R. A. (1957) The adsorption of zinc (II) on anion exchange resins. I. The secondary cation effect. J. Phys. Chem. 61, 1651-1655.
90. Ingri N. (1959) Equilibrium studies of polyanions IV. Silicate ions in NaCl medium. Acta Chem. Scand. 13, 758-775.
91. Irish D. E. and Jarv T. (1983) Vibrational spectral studies of solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures. IV. Raman spectra of aqueous zinc nitrate solutions. Appl. Spectrosc. 37, 50-55.
92. Ivanenko V. V. and Pamfilova L. A. (1975) Measurement of the stability constants of silver chloride complexes at 60-160°C by solubility methods. Geochem. Internatl. 4, 566-575.
93. Jonte J. H. and Martin D. S. (1952) The solubility of silver chloride and the formation of complexes in chloride solution. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 74, 2052-2054.
94. Kebarle P. (1974) Gas-phase ion equilibria and ion solvation. In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry No. 9 (ed. B. E. Conway and J. O. Bockris), pp. 1-46. Plenum.
95. Kozlov V. K. (1985) Laboratory data on the role of carbonate complexes in hydrothermal silver transport. Geochem. Internatl. 3, 85-95.
96. 4 medium. Acta Chem. Scand. 13, 722-736.
97. Lieser K. H. (1957) Radiochemische messung der losluchkeit von silberhalogeniden in wasser und in natriumhalogenidlosungen und die komplexbildung der silberhalogenide mit halogenionen. Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 292, 97-113.
98. + in aqueous solution M = Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn. J. Soln. Chem. 4, 1011-1022.
99. Lindsay W. T., Jr. (1980) Estimation of concentration quotients for ionic equilibria in high temperature water. The model substance approach. Proc. 4Ist Intl. Water Conf. Pittsburgh Pa, 284-294.
100. Majer V. and Stulik K. (1982) A study of the stability of alkaline-earth metal complexes with fluoride and chloride ions at various temperatures by potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes. Talanta 29, 145-148.
101. Majer V. and Wood R. H. (1994) Volumetric properties of aqueous 1-1 electrolytes near and above the critical temperature of water III. Experimental densities and apparent molar volumes of CsBr(aq) to the temperature 725.5 K and the pressure 38.0 MPa, comparison with other 1-1 electrolytes, and extrapolations to infinite dilution for NaCl(aq). J. Chem. Thermodynam. 26, 1143-1166.
102. Marcus Y. and Maydan D. (1963) Anion exchange of metal complexes. VIII. The effect of the secondary cation. The zinc-chloride system. J. Phys. Chem. 67, 979-983.
103. Marshall W. L. (1968) Conductances and equilibria of aqueous electrolytes over extreme ranges of temperature and pressure. Rev. Pure Appl. Chem. 181, 167-186.
104. Marshall W. L. (1969) Correlations in aqueous electrolyte behavior to high temperatures and pressures. Rev. Chem. Progr. 30, 61-84.
105. Marshall W. L. (1970) Complete equilibrium constants electrolyte equilibria and reaction rates. J. Phys. Chem. 74, 346-355.
106. Marshall W. L. (1972a) A further description of complete equilibrium constants. J. Phys. Chem. 76, 720-731.
107. Marshall W. L. (1972b) Predictions of the geochemical behavior of aqueous electrolytes at high temperatures and pressures. Chem. Geol. 10, 59-68.
108. McKenzie I. D. and Fuoss R. M. (1969) Conductance of potassium nitrate and silver nitrate in dioxane-water mixtures at 25 C. J. Phys. Chem. 73, 1501-1507.
109. Mesmer R. E., Marshall W. L., Palmer D. A., Simonson J. M., and Holmes H. F. (1988) Thermodynamics of aqueous association and ionization reactions at high temperatures and pressures. J. Soln. Chem. 17, 699-718.
110. Millero F. J. (1970) The apparent and partial molal volume of aqueous sodium chloride solutions at various temperatures. J. Phys. Chem. 74, 356-362.
111. Mironov V. E. (1962) Radiochemical data on the solubility of silver chloride. Radiokhimiya 4, 707-711.
112. Murray R. C. and Cobble J. W. (1980) Chemical equilibrium in aqueous systems at high temperatures. Proceedings 41st International Water Conf. Pittsburgh, Pa 295-310.
113. 3. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 33, 1287-1291.
114. Nancollas G. H. (1955) Thermodynamics of ion association. Part I. Lead chloride, bromide, and nitrate. J. Chem. Soc., 1458-1462.
115. Nancollas G. H. (1960) Thermodynamics of ion association in aqueous solution. Quart. Rev. Chem. Soc. 14, 402-427.
116. Nancollas G. H. (1966) Interactions in Electrolyte Solutions. Elsevier.
117. Nelson F. and Kraus K. A. (1954) Anion-exchange Studies. XI. Lead (II) and Bismuth (III) in Chloride and Nitrate Solutions. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 76, 5916-5920.
118. Nguyen-Trung C. and Hovey J. K. (1990) Thermodynamics of complexed aqueous uranyl species. 1. Volume and heat capacity changes associated with the formation of uranyl sulfate from 10 to 55 C and calculation of the ion-pair equilibrium constant to 175 C. J. Phys. Chem. 94, 7852-7865.
119. Nikolaeva N. M., Yerenburg A., and Antinina V. A. (1972) Temperature dependence of the standard potential of halide complexes of gold. Izvest. Sib. Otd. Akad. SSSR, Ser. Khim. 4, 126-129.
120. Oelkers E. H. and Helgeson H. C. (1988) Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures. Dissociation constants for supercritical alkali metal halides at temperatures from 400° to 800°C and pressures from 500 to 4000 bars. J. Phys. Chem. 92, 1631-1639.
121. Oelkers E.H. and Helgeson H. C. (1990) Triple-ion anions and polynuclear complexing in supercritical electrolyte solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 727-738.
122. Oelkers E. H. and Helgeson H. C. (1991) Calculation of the activity coefficients and degrees of formation of neutral ion pairs in supercritical electrolyte solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 1235-1251.
123. Oelkers E. H. and Helgeson H. C. (1993) Calculation of dissociation constants and the relative stabilities of polynuclear clusters of 1:1 electrolytes in hydrothermal solutions at supercritical pressures and temperatures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 2673-2697.
124. Paatero J. and Hummelstedt L. (1971) A spectrophotometric study of nickel (II) chloride complexes in aqueous solutions. Acta Academ. Aboens. 31, 1-19.
125. Palmer D. A. and Drummond S. E. (1990) A potentiometric determination of the molal formation constants of ferrous acetate complexes in aqueous solutions to high temperatures. J. Soln. Chem. 92, 6795-6800.
126. Palmer D. A. and Hyde K. E. (1993) An experimental determination of ferrous chloride and acetate complexation in aqueous solutions to 300°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 1393-1408.
127. +-. Gazzetta Chimica Italiana 85, 69-102.
128. Pearson D., Copeland C. S., and Benson S. W. (1963) The electrical conductance of aqueous sodium chloride in the range 300 to 383°. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 85, 1044-1047.
129. Phillips S. L. and Silvester L. F. (1983) Use of balanced-like-charges approach to metal-bicarbonate reactions. Inorg. Chem. 22, 3848-3851.
130. 2O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 1011-1040.
131. Plyasunov A. V. and Ivanov I. P. (1991) The solubility of zinc oxide in sodium chloride solutions up to 600°C and 1000 bars. Geochim. Intl. 28, 77-90.
132. 4 in hydrothermal solutions using a new high-temperature sodium-selective glass electrode-Implications for boron isotopic fractionation. Chem. Geol. 124, 253-265.
133. 2O-NaCl at temperatures to 1000°C and pressures to 5 kb. In Water-Rock Interaction; Proc. 7th Intl. Symp. on Water-Rock Interaction (ed. Y. K. Kharaka and A. S. Maest), pp. 1021-1024. Balkema.
134. 2O-NaCl. Amer. J. Sci. 295, 1255-1342.
135. Quist A. S., Franck E. U., Jolley H. R., and Marshall W. L. (1963) Electrical conductances of aqueous solutions at high temperature and pressures. I. The conductances of potassium sulfate-water solutions from 25° to 800°C and at pressures up to 4000 bars. J. Phys. Chem. 67, 2453-2459.
136. Quist A. S. and Marshall W. L. (1968a) Electrical conductances of aqueous sodium chloride solutions from 0-800° and at pressures to 4000 bars. J. Phys. Chem. 72, 684-703.
137. Quist A. S. and Marshall W. L. (1968b) Ionization equilibria of ammonia-water solutions to 700° and to 4000 bars of pressure. J. Phys. Chem. 72, 3122-3128.
138. Ramette R. W. (1986) Copper(II) Complexes with Chloride Ion. Inorg. Chem. 25, 2481-2482.
139. 3 from 10 to 50°C. Amer. J. Sci. 274, 599-612.
140. Renders P. J. and Seward T. M. (1989) The stability of hydrosulphido- and sulphido-complexes of Au(I) and Ag(I) at 25°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 245-253.
141. Richardson C. K. and Holland H. D. (1979) The solubility of fluorite in hydrothermal solutions an experimental study. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 43, 1313-1325.
142. Roller P. S. and Ervin G. (1940) The system calcium oxide-silica-water at 30 C. The association of silicate ion in dilute alkaline solution. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 62, 461-471.
143. Rozelle G. T. and Baumgartner L. P. (1995) Experimental determination of anorthite solubility and calcium speciation in supercritical chloride solutions at 2 kb from 400 to 600C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 1539-1550.
144. Ruaya J. R. (1988) Estimation of instability constants of metal chloride complexes in hydrothermal solutions up to 300°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1983-1996.
145. Ruaya J. R. and Seward T. J. (1986) The stability of chlorozinc (II) complexes in hydrothermal solutions up to 350°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 651-662.
146. Ryzhenko B. N. (1974) The basic trends in the thermodynamics of electrolytic dissociation in high-temperature aqueous solutions. Geokhimya 8, 1123.
147. Ryzhenko B. N. and Bryzgalin O. V. (1987) Dissociation of acids under hydrothermal conditions. Geokhimiya 1, 137-142.
148. 2 solutions at 300, 350, and 400°C, 500 bars. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 3283-3294.
149. Samsonova N. P., Fedorov V. A., and Mironov V. E. (1972) Thermodynamic stability constants of lead (II) chloride and bromide complexes. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 46, 1233.
150. Sassani D. C. and Shock E. L. (1997) Solubility and transport of platinum-group elements in supercritical fluids: Summary and estimates of thermodynamic properties for Ru, Rh, Pd, and Pt solids, aqueous ions and aqueous complexes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (submitted).
151. Schwarz V. R. and Muller W. D. (1958) Die wasserlosliche monokieselsaure. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chemie. 2296, 273-279.
152. Seward T. M. (1973) Thio complexes of gold and the transport of gold in hydrothermal ore solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 379-399.
153. Seward T. M. (1974) Determination of the first ionization constant of silicic acid from quartz solubility in borate buffer solutions to 350°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38, 1657-1664.
154. Seward T. M. (1976) The stability of chloride complexes of silver in hydrothermal solutions up to 350°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 40, 1329-1341.
155. Seward T. M. (1981) Metal complex formation in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures. In Proc. Nobel Symposium on the Chemistry and Geochemistry of Solutions at High Temperatures and Pressures: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (ed. F. Wickman and D. Rickard), Vol. 13/14, pp. 113-132. Pergamon.
156. Seward T. M. (1984) The formation of lead (II) chloride complexes to 300°C. A spectrophotometric study. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 121-134.
157. Sharps J. A., Brown G. E., and Stebbins J. F. (1993) Kinetics and mechanism of liquid exchange of Au(III), Zn(II) and Cd(II) chlorides in aqueous solution. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 721-731.
158. Shenberger D. M. (1985) Gold solubility in aqueous sulfide solutions. M. Sc., Pennsylvania State University.
159. Shenberger D. M. and Barnes H. L. (1989) The solubility of gold in aqueous sulfide solutions from 150 to 350 C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 269-278.
160. Shock E. L. and Helgeson H. C. (1988) Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures: Correlation algorithms for ionic species and equation of state predictions to 5 kb and 1000°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 2009-2036.
161. Shock E. L. and Helgeson H. C. (1990) Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures: Standard partial molal properties of organic species. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 915-945.
162. Shock E. L. and Koretsky C. M. (1993) Metal-organic complexes in geochemical processes: Calculation of standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous acetate complexes at high pressures and temperatures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 4899-4922.
163. Shock E. L. and Koretsky C. M. (1995) Metal-organic complexes in geochemical processes: Estimation of standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes between metal cations and monovalent organic acid ligands at high pressures and temperatures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 1497-1532.
164. Shock E. L., Helgeson H. C., and Sverjensky D. A. (1989) Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures: Standard partial molal properties of inorganic neutral species. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 2157-2183.
165. Shock E. L., Oelkers E. H., Johnson J. W., Sverjensky D. A., and Helgeson H. C. (1992) Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures: Effective electrostatic radii to 1000°C and 5 kb. J. Chem. Soc. London, Faraday Trans. 88, 803-826.
166. Shock E. L., Sassani D. C., Willis M., and D. A. Sverjensky (1997a) Inorganic species in geologic fluids: Correlations among standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous cations, oxyanions, acid oxyanions, oxyacids and hydroxide complexes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (in press).
167. Shock E. L., Sassani D. C., and Betz H. (1997b) Uranium in geologic fluids: Estimates of standard partial molal properties, oxidation potentials and hydrolysis constants at high temperatures and pressures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (in review).
168. Shurvell H. F. and Dunham A. (1978) The application of factor analysis and raman band contour resolution techniques to the study of aqueous Zn(II) chloride solutions. Canadian J. Spectrosc. 23, 160-165.
169. Siebert R. M. and Hosteller P. B. (1977b) The stability of the magnesium carbonate ion pair from 10° to 90°C. Amer. J. Sci. 277, 716-734.
170. Simonson J. M., Busey R. H., and Mesmer R. E. (1985) Enthalpies of dilution of aqueous calcium chloride to low molalities at high temperatures. J. Phys. Chem. 89, 557-560.
171. Smith R. E. and Martell A. E. (1976) Critical Stability Constants, Vol. 4: Inorganic Complexes. Plenum.
172. Smith R. W., Popp C. J., and Norman D. E. (1986) The dissociation of oxyacids at elevated temperatures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 137-142.
173. Susak N. J. and Crerar D. A. (1985) Spectra and coordination changes of transition metals in hydrothermal solutions: Implications for ore genesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 555-564.
174. Sverjensky D. A. (1984) Predication of Gibbs free energies of calcite-type carbonates and the equilibrium distribution of trace elements between carbonate and aqueous solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 1127-1134.
175. Sverjensky D. A. (1986) Genesis of Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 14, 177-199.
176. Sverjensky D. A. (1987) Calculation of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous species and the solubilities of minerals in supercritical electrolyte solutions. In Thermodynamics of Earth Materials; Rev. Mineral (ed. I. S. E. Carmichael and H. P. Eugster), Vol. 17, pp. 177-209. Amer. Mineral. Soc.
177. Sverjensky D. A., Hemley J. J., and D'Angelo W. M. (1991) Thermodynamic assessment of hydrothermal alkali feldspar-mica-aluminosilicate equilibria. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 989-1004.
178. Tanger J. and Helgeson H. C. (1988) Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures: Revised equations of state for the standard partial molal properties of ions and electrolytes. Amer. J. Sci. 288, 19-98.
179. 4 from 10°-50°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 32, 1019-1022.
180. Turner D. R., Whitfield M., and Dickson A. G. (1981) The equilibrium speciation of dissolved components in freshwater and seawater at 25 C and 1 atm. pressure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 855-881.
181. Van Lier J. H., Bruyn P. L. D., and Overbeek T. G. (1960) The solubility of quartz. J. Phys. Chem. 64, 1675-1682.
182. 2O at elevated temperatures along the lower three-phase curve. Geochem. Intl. 9, 362-377.
183. 2O solutions. Pure Appl. Chem. 58, 1585-1598.
184. Walther J. V. and Schott J. (1988) The dielectric approach to speciation and ion pairing at high temperature and pressure. Nature 332, 635-638.
185. 4 association constants to 170°C. J. Soln. Chem. 17, 467-480.
186. Williams-Jones A. E. and Seward T. M. (1989) The stability of calcium chloride ion pairs in aqueous solutions at temperatures between 100 and 360°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 313-318.
187. Wood S. A. and Crerar D. A. (1985) A numerical method for obtaining multiple linear regression parameters with physically realistic signs and magnitudes: Applications to the determination of equilibrium constraints from solubility data. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 165-172.
188. 2O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 365-372.
189. Wright J. M., Lindsay W. T., Jr., and Druga T. R. (1961) The behavior of electrolytic solutions at elevated temperatures as derived from conductance measurements. WAPD-TM-204. AEC Research and Development Report.
190. Xie Z. and Walther J. V. (1993a) Wollastonite + quartz solubility in supercritical NaCl aqueous solutions. Amer. J. Sci. 293, 235-255.
191. Xie Z. and Walther J. V. (1993b) Quartz solubilities in NaCl solutions with and without wollastonite at elevated temperatures and pressures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 1947-1956.
192. 2O to the critical temperature of water. Association equilibria. J. Phys. Chem. 73, 81-90.
193. 2 at elevated temperatures by analysis of the integral intensities of their individual gaussian adsorption bands. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 21, 1682-1685.
194. Zhu C. and Sverjensky D. A. (1991) Partitioning of F, Cl, and OH between minerals and hydrothermal fluids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 1837-1858.
195. Zhu C. and Sverjensky D. A. (1992) F-Cl-OH partitioning between biotite and apatite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3435-3468.
196. -3. J. Phys. Chem. 99, 11612-11625.
197. 2 (sol.) up to 750 C and 5000 Atm. Geochem. Intl. 28, 63-71.
198. 2S and AuAgS in near-neutral sulfide solutions at temperaturtes of 25 and 80°C and pressures of 1 and 500 bars. In Proceedings 8th Intl. Symp. Water-Rock Interaction (ed. Y. K. Kharaka, and O. V. Chudaev), pp. 773-776.
199. + in aqueous solution at 273-573 K. Geochem. Intl. 23, 23-33.
200. Zotov A. V., Levin K. A., Khodakovskiy I. L., and Kozlov V. K. (1986b) Thermodynamic parameters of Ag(I) chloride complexes in aqueous solution at 273-623 K. Geochem. Intl. 23, 103-116.