Moral Moments at the End of Life

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 797-808

  Schmidt, Terri A ^a  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL PROTOCOL; DECISION MAKING; EMERGENCY CARE; HUMAN; LIVING WILL; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; MEDICAL ETHICS; MORALITY; PATIENT RIGHT; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESUSCITATION; REVIEW; TERMINAL CARE;

EID: 33746290699     PISSN: 07338627     EISSN: 07338627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2006.05.011     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Schmidt T. Futility-futilis-the leaky vessel. Ann Emerg Med 35 (2000) 615-617
2. Innes G., and Wanger K. Dignified death or legislated resuscitation?. CMAJ 161 (1999) 1264-1265
3. Teno J.M., Branco K.J., Mor V., et al. Changes in advance care planning in nursing homes before and after the patient Self-Determination Act: report of a 10-state survey. J Am Geriatr Soc 45 (1997) 939-944
4. Lahn M., Friedman B., Bijur P., et al. Advance directives in skilled nursing facility residents transferred to emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med 8 (2001) 1158-1162
5. Jackson E.A., Yarzebski J.L., Goldberg R.J., et al. Do-not-resuscitate orders in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: the Worcester Heart Attack Study. Arch Intern Med 164 (2004) 776-783
6. Llovera I., Mandel F.S., Ryan J.G., et al. Are emergency department patients thinking about advance directives?. Acad Emerg Med 4 (1997) 976-980
7. Lo B., and Steinbrook R. Resuscitating advance directives. Arch Intern Med 164 (2004) 1501-1506
8. Llovera I., Ward M.F., Ryan J.G., et al. Why don't emergency department patients have advance directives?. Acad Emerg Med 6 (1999) 1054-1060
9. Abramson N, de Vos R, Fallat ME, Finucane T, et al. Ethics in emergency cardiac care. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:s195-200.
10. Danis M., Southerland L.I., Garrett J.M., et al. A prospective study of advance directives for life-sustaining care. N Engl J Med 324 (1991) 882-888
11. Silveira M.J., Buell R.A., and Deyo R.A. Prehospital DNR orders: what do physicians in Washington know?. J Am Geriatr Soc 51 (2003) 1435-1438
12. Lerner E.B., Billittier A.J., and Hallinan K. Out-of-hospital do-not-resuscitate orders by primary care physicians. J Emerg Med 23 (2002) 425-428
13. Becker L.J., Yeargin K., Rea T.D., et al. Resuscitation of residents with do not resuscitate orders in long-term care facilities. Prehosp Emerg Care 7 (2003) 303-306
14. Partridge R.A., Virk A., and Sayah A. Field experience with prehospital advance directives. Ann Emerg Med 32 (1998) 589-593
15. American College of Emergency Physicians. "Do not attempt resuscitation" directives in the out-of-hospital setting. Ann Emerg Med 27 (1996) 684
16. Adams J. Prehospital do-not-resuscitate orders: a survey of polices in the United States. Prehospital Disaster Med 8 (1993) 317-322
17. Sabatino C.P. Survey of state EMS-DNR laws and protocols. J Law Med Ethics 27 (1999) 297-315
18. Guru V., Verbeek P.R., and Morrison L.J. Response of paramedics to terminally ill patients with cardiac arrest: an ethical dilemma. CMAJ 161 (1999) 1251-1254
19. Marco C.A., and Schears R.M. Prehospital resuscitation practices: a survey of prehospital providers. J Emerg Med 24 (2003) 101-106
20. Iserson K.V. A simplified prehospital advance directive law: Arizona's approach. Ann Emerg Med 22 (1993) 1703-1710
21. Leon M.D., and Wilson E.M. Development of a statewide protocol for the prehospital identification of DNR patients in Connecticut including new DNR regulations. Ann Emerg Med 34 (1999) 263-274
22. Morrison R.S., Olson E., Mertz K.R., et al. The inaccessibility of advance directives on transfer from ambulatory to acute care settings. JAMA 274 (1995) 478-482
23. Schmidt T.A., Hickman S., Tolle S.W., et al. The Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) Program: Oregon emergency medical technicians' practical experiences and attitudes. J Am Geriatr Soc 52 (2004) 1430-1434
24. Dunn P.M., Nelson C.A., Tolle S.W., et al. Communicating preferences for life-sustaining treatment using a physician order form. J Gen Intern Med 12 suppl (1997) 102
25. Dunn P.M., Schmidt T.A., Carley M.M., et al. A method to communicate patient preferences about medically indicated life-sustaining treatment in the out-of-hospital setting. J Am Geriatr Soc 44 (1996) 785-791
26. Available at: http://www.ohsu.edu/polst/national.shtml. Accessed June 16, 2006.
27. Tolle SW, Tilden VP, Nelson CA, et al. A prospective study of the efficacy of the physician order form for life-sustaining treatment. 1998;46:1097-102.
28. Lee M.A., Brummel-Smith K., Meyer J., et al. Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLST): outcomes in a PACE program. Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 48 (2000) 1343-1344
29. Iserson K.V., Sanders A.B., and Mathieu D. Ethics in emergency medicine. 2nd ed. (1995), Galen Press, Ltd, Tuscon, AZ
30. Jonsen A.R., Siegler M., and Winslade W.J. Clinical ethics. 4th ed. (1998), McGraw-Hill, New York
31. Marco C.A., and Larkin G.L. Ethics seminars: case studies in "futility"-challenges for academic emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med 7 (2000) 1147-1151
32. American Heart Association. Part 2: Ethical aspects of CPR and ECC. Resuscitation 102 (2000) 17-27
33. Levack P. Live and let die? A structured approach to decision-making about resuscitation. Br J Anaesth 89 (2002) 684-685
34. Hilberman M., Kutner J., Parsons D., et al. Marginally effective medical care: ethical analysis of issues in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). J Med Ethics 23 (1997) 361-367
35. Pepe P.E., Swor R.A., Ornato J.P., et al. Resuscitation in the out-of-hospital setting: medical futility criteria for on-scene pronouncement of death. Prehosp Emerg Care 5 (2001) 79-87
36. Bailey E.D., Wydro G.C., and Cone D.C. Termination of resuscitation in the prehospital setting for adult patients suffering nontraumatic cardiac arrest. National Association of EMS Physicians Standards and Clinical Practice Committee. Prehosp Emerg Care 4 (2000) 190-195
37. Bonnin M.J., Pepe P.E., Kimball K.T., et al. Distinct criteria for termination of resuscitation in the out-of-hospital setting. JAMA 270 (1993) 1457-1462
38. Kellerman A.L., Staves D.R., and Hackman B.B. In-hospital resuscitation following unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac life support: "heroic efforts" or an exercise in futility. Ann Emerg Med 17 (1988) 589-594
39. Gray W.A., Capone R.J., and Most A.S. Unsuccessful emergency medical resuscitation: are continued efforts in the emergency department justified?. N Eng J Med 1991 (1991) 1393-1398
40. Schmidt T.A., and Harrahill M.A. Family response to out-of-hospital death. Acad Emerg Med 2 (1995) 513-518
41. Schneiderman L.J., Jecker N.S., and Jonsen A.R. Medical futility: response to critiques. Arch Intern M 125 (1996) 669-674
42. Jecker N.S., and Pearlman R.A. Medical futility: who decides?. Arch Intern Med 152 (1992) 1140-1144
43. Burns J.P., Reardon F.E., and Truog R.D. Using newly deceased patients to teach resuscitation procedures. N Engl J Med 331 (1994) 1652-1655
44. Morhaim D.K., and Heller M.B. The practice of teaching endotracheal intubation on recently deceased patients. J Emerg Med 9 6 (1991) 515-518
45. Ginifer C., and Kelly A.M. Teaching resuscitation skills using newly deceased. Med J Aust 165 (1996) 445-447
46. Fourre M.W. Performance of procedures on the recently deceased. Acad Emerg Med 9 (2003) 595-598
47. Knopp R.K. Practicing cricothyrotomy on the newly dead. Ann Emerg Med 25 (1995) 694-696
48. The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association. Performing procedures on the newly dead. Acad Med 77 (2002) 1212-1216
49. Schmidt T.A., Abbott J.T., Geiderman J.M., et al. Ethics seminars: the ethical debate on practicing procedures on the newly dead. Acad Emerg Med 11 (2004) 962-966