Management of urban recreational woodlands: The case of Norway

Urban Forestry and Urban Greening

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 73-82

  Gundersen, Vegard ^a   Frivold, Lars Helge ^b   Myking, Tor ^a   Øyen, Bernt Håvard ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF BIOECONOMY RESEARCH   (Norway)

^b NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Conflicts; Ownership; Planning; Recreation; Silviculture; Urban forestry

Indexed keywords

AGE STRUCTURE; CONFLICT MANAGEMENT; PLANTATION FORESTRY; QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY; RECREATIONAL FACILITY; RECREATIONAL MANAGEMENT; SETTLEMENT PATTERN; SILVICULTURE; SPECIES DIVERSITY; URBAN AREA; URBAN POPULATION; WOODLAND;

EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTHERN EUROPE; NORWAY; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 33746267463     PISSN: 16188667     EISSN: 16108167     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2006.06.003     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Aasetre, J., 1992. Friluftsliv og skogbruk. En litteraturstudie (Recreation and forestry. A review). NINA-Utredninger No. 34, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Lillehammer (in Norwegian, with English summary).
2. Aasetre J. Moderne naturforvaltning: Mellom rasjonalitet og dyrking av urørt natur (Modern nature management: between rationality and the worship of untouched nature). New Series A 24 (1999), Department of Geography, University of Trondheim, Trondheim (in Norwegian with English summary)
3. Anonymous, 1978. Landskapsvern og naturvern i skogen-veiledende retningslinjer i skogbruket (Conservation of forest landscape-recommendations for forestry). Brochure, Ministry of Agriculture, Oslo (in Norwegian).
4. Anonymous, 1995. Flerbruksplaner for Oslo kommunes skoger (Multiple-use forest plans for the municipality of Oslo), Oslo Skogvesen, Oslo (in Norwegian).
5. Anonymous, 1998. Verdiskaping og miljø - muligheter i skogsektoren (Economy and environment - possibilities in the forestry sector). Stortingsmelding No. 17, Ministry of Agriculture, Oslo (in Norwegian).
6. Anonymous, 2002a. Grønn by - arealplanlegging og grønnstruktur (Green city - area planning and green structure). DN-Håndbok No. 23, Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim (in Norwegian).
7. Anonymous, 2002b. Marka - Planlegging av by- og tettstednære naturområder (Urban woodlands - Planning of urban nature areas). DN-Håndbok No. 24, Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim (in Norwegian).
8. Anonymous, 2005. National forest inventory. http://www.nijos.no/ (last accessed: December 2005).
9. Axelsson Lindgren C. Forest aesthetics. In: Hytönen M. (Ed). Multiple-use Forestry in the Nordic Countries (1995), METLA (The Finnish Forest Research Institute), Helsinki 279-294
10. Bell S., Blom D., Rautamäki M., Castel-Branco C., Simson A., and Olsen I.A. Design of urban forests. In: Konijnendijk C.C., Nilsson K., Randrup T.B., and Schipperijn J. (Eds). Urban Forests and Trees (2005), Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 149-186
11. Børset, O., 1986. Skogskjøtsel (Silviculture), Landbruksforlaget, Oslo (in Norwegian).
12. European Environment Agency (EEA). Environment in the European Union at the turn of the century (1999), Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
13. European Environment Agency (EEA). Europe's environment: statistical compendium for the second assessment (1999), Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
14. Fransila J., and Paulsson J. Tätortsnära skog - en GIS analys (Urban woodlands - a GIS analysis) (2004), Skogsstyrelsen, Jönköping (in Swedish)
15. In: Gjerde I., and Baumann C. (Eds). Miljøregistrering i skog - biologisk mangfold (Environmental registration in forest - biodiversity). Hovedrapport (2002), Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Ås (in Norwegian)
16. Groves R.M., Fowler F.J., Couper M.P., Lepkowski J.M., Singer E., and Tourangeau R. Survey Methodology (2004), Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
17. Gundersen, V.S., 2004. Urbant skogbruk: Forvaltning av skog i by- og tettstedkommuner (Urban forestry: Forest management in urban settlements). Aktuelt fra skogforskningen No. 3/2004. Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Ås (in Norwegian).
18. Gundersen V.S., Frivold L.H., Löfström I., Jørgensen B.B., Falck J., and Øyen B.-H. Urban woodland management - the case of 13 major Nordic cities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 3 (2005) 189-202
19. Gundersen, V.S., Frivold, L.H., in preparation. Integrating visual structures in urban silviculture: a review of Fennoscandian preference studies and a proposal for a zoning model. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, submitted for publication.
20. Gustavsson R., Hermy M., Konijnendijk C., and Steidle-Schwahn A. Management of urban woodland and parks - searching for creative and sustainable concepts. In: Konijnendijk C.C., Nilsson K., Randrup T.B., and Schipperijn J. (Eds). Urban Forests and Trees (2005), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 369-397
21. Haakenstad, H., 1972. Skogbehandling i et utfartsområde. En opinionsundersøkelse om Oslomarka (Forest management in an area of outdoor life. An investigation of public opinion about Oslomarka). Meldinger fra Norges landbrukshøgskole No. 16 (51). The Agricultural University of Norway, Ås (in Norwegian with English summary).
22. Hellström, E., 2001. Conflict cultures - qualitative comparative analysis of environmental conflicts in forestry. Silva Fennica Monographs No. 2. Metla, Vantaa.
23. Hofstad, O., 1976. Konflikter ved flersidig bruk av skog (Conflicts of multiple-use forestry). Ph.D. Thesis, The Agricultural University of Norway, Ås (in Norwegian).
24. Hörnsten, L., 2000. Outdoor recreation in Swedish forests - implications for society and forestry. Ph.D. Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
25. Hytönen M. History, evolution and significance of the multiple use concept. In: Hytönen M. (Ed). Multiple-use Forestry in the Nordic Countries (1995), METLA, The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki 43-65
26. Jensen F.S. Forest recreation. In: Hytönen M. (Ed). Multiple-use Forestry in the Nordic Countries (1995), METLA (The Finnish Forest Research Institute), Helsinki 245-269
27. Konijnendijk, C.C., 1999. Urban forestry in Europe: a comparative study of concepts, policies and planning for forest conservation, management and development in and around major European cities. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Joensuu.
28. Konijnendijk C.C., Ricard R.M., Kenney A., and Randrup T.B. Defining urban forestry - a comparative perspective of North America and Europe. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 4 (2006) 93-103
29. In: Kowarik I., and Körner S. (Eds). Wild Urban Woodlands: New Perspectives for Urban Forestry (2005), Springer, Berlin
30. Lind, T., Oraug, J., Rosenfeld, I.S., Østensen, E., 1974. Friluftsliv i Oslomarka. Analyse av en intervjuundersøkelse om publikums bruk og krav til Oslomarka (Recreation in Oslomarka. Analysis of an interview survey about people's use of and demands on Oslomarka). Arbeidsrapport No. 8, Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research, Oslo (in Norwegian).
31. Lindhagen, A., 1996. Forest recreation in Sweden. Four case studies using quantitative and qualitative methods. Ph.D. Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
32. Lindhagen A., and Hörnsten L. Forest recreation in 1977 and 1997 in Sweden - changes in public preferences and behaviour. Forestry 73 (2000) 143-151
33. Living Forests Norway, 1999. The Living Forests standards for sustainable forest management in Norway, Oslo. http://www.levendeskog.no/pdf/green.pdf (last accessed: December 2005).
34. Mjaaland B., and Andresen J.W. Amenity and service functions of Oslo's municipal forest. Arboricultural Journal 10 (1986) 101-112
35. Moen A. Nasjonalatlas for Norge: Vegetasjon (National Atlas of Norway: Vegetation) (1998), Statens Kartverk, Hønefoss (in Norwegian)
36. Nowak D.J., Noble M.H., Sisinni S.M., and Dwyer J.F. People and trees: assessing the United States urban forestry resource. Journal of Forestry 99 3 (2001) 37-42
37. Opheim T. Notes on the Oslomarka. In: Saastamoinen O., Hultman S.-G., Koch N.E., and Mattson L. (Eds). Multiple Use forestry in the Scandinavian Countries. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 120 (1984), Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki 39-43
38. Pauleit S., Jones N., Garcia-Marin G., Garcia-Valdecantos J.-L., Rivière I.M., Vidal-Beaudet L., Bodson M., and Randrup T.B. Tree establishment practice in towns and cities - results from a European survey. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 26 (2002) 133-141
39. Rolstad, J., Framstad, E., Gundersen, V.S., Storaunet, K.O., 2002. Naturskog i Norge - Definisjoner, økologi og bruk i norsk skog- og miljøforvaltning (Natural forest in Norway - definitions, ecology and use in forest management). Aktuelt fra Skogforskningen No. 1/2002, Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Ås (in Norwegian).
40. Rydberg, D., 1998. Urban forestry in Sweden - silvicultural aspects focusing on young forests. Ph.D. Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå.
41. Rydberg D., and Falck J. Designing the urban forest of tomorrow - pre-commercial thinning adapted for use in urban areas in Sweden. Arboricultural Journal 22 (1998) 147-171
42. Statistics Norway, 2003. Forestry Statistics 2003. http://www.ssb.no/emner/10/04/20/nos_skogstat/nos_d320/nos_d320.pdf (last accessed: December 2005).
43. Statistics Norway, 2005a. Befolkningsstatistikk. Befolkning og areal i tettsteder, 1. januar 2005 (Population statistics. Population and area of urban settlements, January 1, 2005). http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/beftett/ (last accessed: December 2005) (in Norwegian).
44. Statistics Norway, 2005b. Kart over tettsteder og sentrumsområder 1. januar 2005 (Map of urban settlements January 1st, 2005). http://www.ssb.no/emner/01/01/20/tettstedkart/ (last accessed: December 2005) (in Norwegian).
45. Tyrväinen L., Pauleit S., Seeland K., and Vries S. Benefits and uses of urban forests and trees. In: Konijnendijk C.C., Nilsson K., Randrup T.B., and Schipperijn J. (Eds). Urban Forests and Trees (2005), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 81-114