Optical and physical properties of aerosols in the boundary layer and free troposphere over the Amazon Basin during the biomass burning season

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 6, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 2911-2925

  Chand, D ^a,e   Guyon, P ^a   Artaxo, P ^b   Schmid, O ^a,f   Frank, G P ^a   Rizzo, L V ^b   Mayol Bracero, O L ^c   Gatti, L V ^d   Andreae, M O ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^d INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS ENERGÉTICAS E NUCLEARES   (Brazil)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON BOTHELL   (United States)

^f INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; BIOMASS BURNING; BOUNDARY LAYER; CARBON MONOXIDE; HAZE; LIGHT SCATTERING; TROPOSPHERE;

AMAZON BASIN; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 33746237496     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-6-2911-2006     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Andreae, M. O., Browell, E. V., Garstang, M., Gregory, G. L., Harriss, R. C., Hill, G. F., Jacob, D. J., Pereira, M. C., Sachse, G. W., Setzer, A. W., Dias, P. L. S., Talbot, R. W., Torres, A. L., and Wofsy, S. C.: Biomass-burning emissions and associated haze layers over Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 93, 1509-1527, 1988.
2. Andreae, M. O. and Crutzen, P. J.: Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry, Science, 276, 1052-1058, 1997.
3. Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15(4), 955-966, 2001.
4. Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., Brandao, C., Carswell, F. E., Ciccioli, P., da Costa, A. L., Culf, A. D., Esteves, J. L., Gash, J. H. C., Grace, J., Kabat, P., Lelieveld, J., Malhi, Y., Manzi, A. O., Meixner, F. X., Nobre, A. D., Nobre, C., Ruivo, M., Silva-Dias, M. A., Stefani, P., Valentini, R., von Jouanne, J., and Waterloo, M. J.: Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, trace gases, and aerosols in Amazonia: The LBA-EUSTACH experiments, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107(D20), 8066, doi:10.1029/2001JD000524, 2002.
5. Andreae, M. O., Rosenfeld, D., Artaxo, P., Costa, A. A., Frank, G. P., Longo, K. M., and Silva-Dias, M. A. F.: Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon, Science, 303, 1337-1342, 2004.
6. Anderson, T. L. and Ogren, J. A.: Determining aerosol radiative properties using the TSI3563 integrating nephelometer, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 29, 57-69, 1998.
7. Angstrom, A.: On the atmospheric transmission of Sun radiation and on dust in the air, Geogr. Ann., 12, 130-159, 1929.
8. Artaxo, P., Fernandes, E. T., Martins, J. V., Yamasoe, M. A., Hobbs, P. V., Maenhaut, W., Longo, K. M., and Castanho, A.: Large Scale Aerosol Source Apportionment in Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D24), 31837-31848, 1998.
9. Artaxo, P.: The atmospheric component of biogeochemical cycles in the Amazon basin, in: The biogeochemistry of the Amazon basin, edited by: McClain, M. E., Victoria, R., Richey, J. E., Oxford University Press, 42-52, 2001.
10. Artaxo, P., Martins, J. V., Yamasoe, M. A., Procópio, A. S., Pauliquevis, T. M., Andreae, M. O., Guyon, P., Gatti, L. V., and Leal, A. M. C.: Physical and chemical properties of aerosols in the wet and dry seasons in Rondônia, Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107(D20), 8081, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000666, 2002.
11. Arnott, W. P., Moosmüller, H., Rogers, C. F., Jin, T., and Bruch, R.: Photoacoustic spectrometer for measuring light absorption by aerosols: Instrument description, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2845-2852, 1999.
12. Arnott, W. P., Moosmüller, H., and Walker, J. W.: Nitrogen dioxide and kerosene-flame soot calibration of photoacoustic instruments for measurement of light absorption by aerosols, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 71, 4545-552, 2000.
13. Arnott, W. P., Moosmüller, H., Sheridan, P. J., Ogren, J. A., Raspet, R., Slaton, W. V., Hand, J. L., Kreidenweis, S. M., and Collett Jr., J. L.: Photoacoustic and filter-based ambient aerosol light absorption measurements: Instrument comparisons and the role of relative humidity, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108(D1), 4034, doi:10.1029/2002JD002165, 2003.
14. Arnott, W. P., Khadeejeh, H., Moosmüller, H., Sheridan, P. J., and Ogren, J. A.: Towards aerosol light-absorption measurements with a 7-wavelength aethalometer: Evaluation with a photoacoustic instrument and 3-wavelength nephelometer, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39, 17-29, 2005.
15. Bond, T. C., Anderson, T. L., and Campbell, D.: Calibration and intercomparison of filter-based measurements of visible light absorption by aerosols, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 30(6), 582-600, 1999.
16. Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley, J. A., Hansen, J. E., and Hoffman, D. J.: Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423-430, 1992.
17. Crutzen, P. J. and Andreae, M. O.: Biomass burning in the tropics: Impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles, Science, 250, 1669-1678, 1990.
18. Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Slutsker, I., and Setzer, A.: Measure ments of irradiance attenuation and estimation of aerosol single scattering albedo for biomass burning aerosols in Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 31 865-31 878, 1998.
19. Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Reid, J. S., Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., O'Neill, N. T., Slutsker, I.,. and Kinne, S.: The wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban and desert dust aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31333-31 350, 1999.
20. Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Reid, J. S., O'Neill, N. T., Schafer, J. S., Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., Yamasoe, M. A., and Artaxo, P.: High aerosol optical depth biomass burning events: A comparison of optical properties for different source regions, Gepohys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2035, doi:10.1029/2003GL017861, 2003.
21. Fisch, G., Tota, J., Machado, L. A. T., Silva Dias, M. A. F., Lyra, R. F. da F., Nobre, C. A., Dolman, A. J., and Gash, J. H. C.: The convective boundary layer over pasture and forest in Amazonia, Theor. Appl. Climatol., doi:10.1007/s00704-004-0043-x, 78, 47-59, 2004.
22. Gash, J. H. C., Nobre, C. A., Roberts, J. M., and Victoria, R. L.: Amazonian deforestation and climate, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, 1996.
23. Guyon, P., Boucher, O., Graham, B., Beck, J., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Roberts, G. C., Maenhaut, W., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Refractive index of aerosol particles over the Amazon tropical forest during LBA-EUSTACH 1999, J. Aerosol Sci., 34(7), 883-907, 2003a.
24. Guyon, P., Graham, B., Roberts, G. C., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Maenhaut, W., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: In-canopy gradients, composition, sources, and optical properties of aerosol over the Amazon forest, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108(D18), 4591, doi:10.1029/2003JD003465, 2003b.
25. Guyon, P., Graham, B., Beck, J., Boucher, O., Gerasopoulos, E., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Roberts, G. C., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Physical properties and concentration of aerosol particles over the Amazon tropical forest during background and biomass burning conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 951-967, 2003c.
26. Guyon, P., Graham, B., Roberts, G. C., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Maenhaut, W., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Sources of optically active aerosol particles over the Amazon forest, Atmos. Environ., 38, 1039-1051, 2004.
27. Guyon, P., Frank, G., Welling, M., Chand, D., Artaxo, P., Rizzo, L., Nishioka, G., Kolle, O., Fritsch, H., Silva Dias, M. A. F., Gatti, L. V., Cordova, M., and Andreae, M. O.: Airborne measurements of trace gas and aerosol particle emissions from biomass burning in Amazonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2989-3002, 2005.
28. Hobbs, P. V., Reid, J. S., Kotchenruther, R. A., Ferek, R. J., and Weiss, R.: Direct radiative forcing by smoke from biomass burning, Science, 275, 1776-1778, 1997.
29. Hobbs, P. V., Sinha, P., Yokelson, R. J., Christian, T. J., Blake, D. R., Gao, S., Kirchstetter, T. W., Novakov, T., and Pilewskie, P.: Evolution of gases and particles from a savanna fire in South Africa, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108(D13), 8485, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002352, 2003.
30. Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Tanré, D., et al.: AERONET - A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1-16, 1998.
31. Horvath, H. and Trier, A.: A study of the aerosol of Santiago de ChileFII: mass extinction coefficients, visibilities and Angstrom exponents, Atmos. Environ., 27A(3), 385-395, 1993.
32. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Third Assess ment Report, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, edited by: Houghton, J. T., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2001.
33. Kirchstetter, T. W., Novakov, T., and Hobbs, P. V.: Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, 208, doi:10.1029/2004JD004999, 2004.
34. Kirkman, G. A., Gut, A., Ammann, C., Gatti, L. V., Cordova, A. M., Moura, M. A. L., Andreae, M. O., and Meixner, F. X.: Surface exchange of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone at a cattle pasture in Rondônia, Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107(D20), 8083, doi:10.1029/2001JD000523, 2002.
35. Kotchenruther, R. A. and Hobbs, P. V.: Humidification factors of aerosols from biomass burning in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 32081-32089, 1998.
36. Le Canut, P., Andreae, M. O., Harris, G. W., Wienhold, F. G., and Zenker, T.: Airborne studies of emissions from savanna fires in southern Africa. 1. Aerosol emissions measured with a laser optical particle counter, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101(D19), 23 615-23630, 1996.
37. Martins, J. V., Artaxo, P., Liousse, C., Reid, J. S., Hobbs, P. V., and Kaufman, Y. J.: Effects of black carbon content, particle size and mixing on light absorption by aerosol particles from biomass burning in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 32041-32050, 1998.
38. Procopio, A. S., Remer, L. A., Artaxo, P., Kaufman, Y. J., and Holben, B. N.: Modeled spectral optical properties for smoke aerosols in Amazonia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2265-2270, doi:10.1029/2003GL018063, 2003.
39. Procópio, A. S., Artaxo, P., Kaufman, Y. J., Remer, L. A., Schafer, J. S., and Holben, B. N.: Multiyear analysis of Amazonian biomass burning smoke radiative forcing of climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(3), L03108-L03112, doi:10.1029/2003GL018646, 2004.
40. Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, J. T., and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosols, climate and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119-2124, 2001.
41. Reid, J. S. and Hobbs, P. V.: Physical and chemical properties of individual biomass fires in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 32013-32030, 1998.
42. Reid, J. S., Hobbs, P. V., Ferek, R. J., Blake, D. R., Martins, J. V., Dunlap, M. R., and Liousse, C.: Physical, chemical, and optical properties of regional hazes dominated by smoke in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 32059-32080, 1998.
43. Reid, J. S., Eck, T. F., Christopher, S. A., Koppmann, R., Dubovik, O., Eleuterio, D. P., Holben, B. N., Reid, E. A., and Zhang, J.: A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, 2005a.
44. Reid, J. S., Koppmann, R., Eck, T. F., and Eleuterio, D. P.: A review of biomass burning emissions, part II: Intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, 2005b.
45. Rissler, J., Vestin, A., Swietlicki, E., Fisch, G., Zhou, J., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Size distribution and hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles from dry-season biomass burning in Amazonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 471-491, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/471/2006/.
46. Rosenfeld, D.: Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution, Science, 287, 1793-1796, 2000.
47. Ross, J. L., Hobbs, P. V., and Holben, B.: Radiative characteristics of regional hazes dominated by smoke from biomass burning in Brazil: Closure tests and direct radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 31 925-31 941, 1998.
48. Satheesh, S. K. and Ramanathan, V.: Large differences in the tropical aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere and Earth's surface, Nature, 405, 60-63, 2000.
49. Schmid, O., Artaxo, P., Arnott, W. P., Chand, D., Gatti, V. L., Frank, G. P., Hoffer, A., Schnaiter, M., and Andreae, M. O.: Spectral light absorption by ambient aerosols influenced by biomass burning in the Amazon Basin - I. Comparison and field calibration of absorption measurement techniques, Atmos. Chem. Pyhs. Discuss., 5, 9355-9404, 2005.
50. Schnaiter, M., Schmid, O., Petzold, A., Fritzsche, L., Klein, K.-F., Andreae, M. O., Helas, G., Thielmann, A., Grimmler, M., Möhler, O., Linke, C., and Schurath, U.: Measurement of wavelength-resolved light absorption by aerosols utilizing a UV-VIS extinction cell, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39, 249-260, 2005.
51. Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Dubovik, O., and Slutsker, I.: Cloud screening and quality control algorithms for the AERONET data base, Remote Sens. Environ., 73, 337-349, 2000.
52. Terhune, R. W. and Anderson, J. E.: Spectrophone measurements of the absorption of visible light by aerosols in the atmosphere, Optics Letters, 1, 70-72, 1977.
53. Trebs, I., Meixner, F. X., Slanina, J., Oties, R. P., Jongejan, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Real-time measurements of ammonia, acidic trace gases and water-soluble inorganic aerosol species at a rural site in the Amazon Basin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 967-987, 2004, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/967/2004/ .
54. Trebs, I., Lara, L. B. L. S., Zeri, L. M. M., Gatti, L. V., Artaxo, P., Dlugi, R., Slanina, J., Andreae, M. O., and Meixner, F. X.: Dry and wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to a tropical pasture site (Rondônia, Brazil), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 447-469, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/447/2006/.
55. Weingartner, E., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., Streit, N., Bitnar, B., and Baltensperger, U.: Absorption of light by soot particles: determination of the absorption coefficient by means of aethalometer, J. Aerosol Sci., 34, 1445-1463, 2003.