Solid wastes generation in the leather industry and its utilization for cleaner environment - A review

Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research

Volumn 65, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 541-548

  Kanagaraj, J ^a   Velappan, K C ^a   Chandra Babu, N K ^a   Sadulla, S ^a  

^a CENTRAL LEATHER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (India)

Author keywords

Leather industry; Solid wastes; Useful end products

Indexed keywords

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; DEGRADATION; SOLID WASTES; TRIMMING; WASTE TREATMENT; WASTE UTILIZATION;

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; RECYCLING; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WASTE TECHNOLOGY; WASTE TREATMENT;

EID: 33746209182     PISSN: 00224456     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Ramasami T, Rao J R, Chandrababu N K, Parthasarathi K, Rao P G, Saravanan P, Gayathri R & Sreeram K J, Beamhouse and tanning operations: Process chemistry revisited, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 83 (1999) 39-45.
2. Ramasami T, Sreeram K J & Gayatri R, Emerging options of leather processing for waste minimization: UNIDO manual on design, operational and maintenance of tannery effluent treatment plants, Unit 1 (RePo-UNIDO and AISHTMA, Chennai) 1999, 20-31.
3. Ramasami T, Approach towards a unified theory for tanning: Wilson's dream, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 96 (2001) 290-304.
4. Ludvik J, Cleaner tanning technologies, UNIDO report, 1996, 18-25.
5. Ramasami T, From ore to brick: Travel of chromium through the cross roads of Indian leather sector, workshop on building ceramic from industrial waste (International Centre for Science and Technology & UNIDO, Trivandum) 1999, 132-149.
6. Mariappan, M, Environmental protection initiatives in Indian tanneries - A perspective view, Proc 30th Leath Res Ind Get Together (CLRI, Chennai) 1997, 151-161.
7. McLaughlin G D & Theis E R, The chemistry of leather manufacture (Reinhold publishing corporation, New York) 1945, 133.
8. Ramachandran G N & Kartha G, Structure of collagen, Nature, 174 (1954) 269-270.
9. Ramachandran G N, Structure of collagen at the molecular level, in Treatise on Collagen, edited by G N Ramachandan (Academic Press, London) 1967, 103-183.
10. Post V, Waste disposal management with special emphasis on current issues in tannery effluent treatment plant sludge disposal, Proc 30th Leath Res Ind Get Together (CLRI, Chennai) 1997, 37-40.
11. Ramamoorthy G., Sehgal P K & Mahendrakumar, Improved uptake of basic chromium salts in tanning operations using keratin hydrdysate, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 73 (1989) 168-170.
12. Chakraborty S & Sarkar S K, Enzyme hydrolysis of solid tannery wastes: Solid-state enzyme production, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 82 (1998) 56-58.
13. Kanagaraj J, Rafiuddin Ahmd M, John Sundar V & Jayakumar R. Reactive proteinoid in tanning process, Indian pat 1063/DEL/2001, 2001.
14. Kanagaraj J, Rafiuddin Ahmd M, Samivelu N & Jayakumar R A, A process for the preparation of a noval proteinoid-acrylate composite having molecular weight in the range of 15000-20000 D, Indian pat 210/DEL/2001, 2001.
15. Kanagaraj J. Rafiuddin Ahmed M, Samivelu N & Jayakumar R, High exhaust chrome tanning using fleshing hydrolysate, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 97 (2001) 207-214.
16. Kanagraj J, Sadulla S, Jawahar M & Babu K, Interactions of aldehyde developed from amino acids of tannery waste in lower chrome tannage: An eco friendly approach, J Soc Leather Technol Chem (in press).
17. Cot J, Aramon C, Baucells M, Lacort G & Roura M, Waste processing in the tannery. Production of gelation, reconstituted collagen and glue from chrome - tanned leather splits and trimmings subjected to modified detanning process, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 70 (1986), 69-76.
18. Kumaraguru S, Sastry T P & Rose C, Hydrolysis of tannery fleshings using pancreatic enzymes: A biotechnological tool for solid waste management. J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 93 (1998), 32-38.
19. Cot J, Marsal A, Manich A, Celma P, Choque R, Cabeza. L, Labastida. L, Lopez J & Salmeron J, Minimisation of Industrial wastes: Adding value to collagen materials, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 87 (2003), 97-99.
20. Taylor M M, Diefendorf E J & Na G C, Enzymic treatment of chrome shaving, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 85 (1990) 264-274.
21. Prentiss W C & Prasad I V, Improved chrome utilization in chrome tanning, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 76 (1981) 395-401.
22. Rutland F H, Environmental compatibility of chromium - containing tannery and other leather product wastes at land disposal sites, J A. Leather Chem Assoc, 86 (1991) 364-374.
23. Prentiss W C & Prasad I V, Improved chrome utilisation in chrome tanning, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 76 (1981) 395-401.
24. Lollar R M, Potential uses of tanned collagen, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 76 (1981) 192-193.
25. Brown E M, Thompson C J & Taylor M M, Molecular size and conformation of protein recovered from chrome shavings, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 89 (1994) 215-220.
26. Brown E M, Taylor M M & Marmer W N, Production and potential uses of co-products from solid tannery waste, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 91 (1996) 270-275.
27. Okamura. H & Shirai K, Chrome shavings and its products, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 71 (1976) 173-179.
28. Cot J & Gratacos E, Chrome shavings treatments, AQEIC Bol. Tech, 26 (1975) 353-376.
29. Jones B H, Recovery of chromium from tannery waste, U S Pat 4086, 319, April 25, 1978.
30. Okamura. H, Tanaka N & Yashura. K, Some notes on the combustion of chromed pig leather scraps, Hikaku Kagaku, 27 (1981) 83-88.
31. Smith L R & Donovan R G, Gelatin production, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 77 (1982) 301-306.
32. Cot J, Aramon C & Baucells M, Extraction of gelatin from chrome shavings, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 70 (1986) 69-76.
33. Suseela. K, Parvathi M S & Nandy S C, Chromium containing leather wastes, Leder, 34 (1983) 82-87.
34. Parvathi M S & Nandy S C, Leather wastes, Leath sci, 31 (1984) 236-240.
35. Suseela. K, Parvathi M S & Nandy S C, Chromium containing leather wastes, Leder, 37 (1986) 45-47.
36. Parvathi M S, Suseela. K & Nandy S C, Chromium and leather wastes, Leath sci, 33 (1986) 303-309.
37. Hinterwaldner R, Technology of Gelatin Manufacture: The Science and Technology of Gelatin (Academic press, New York) 1977, 315.
38. Taylor M M, Diefendorf E J & Na. G C, Enzymic treatment of chrome shaving, Leath Manuf, 85 (1990) 264-274.
39. He Xianqi S B & Haslam E, Gelatin - Polyphenol interaction, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 89 (1994) 98-104.
40. Taylor M M, Diefendorf E J & Marmen W N, Efficiency of enzymic solubilization of chrome shavings as influenced by choice of alkalinity - inducing agents, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 86 (1991) 199-208.
41. Taylor M M, Diefendorf E J, Brown E M & Mariner W N, Characterisation of products isolated by enzyme treatment of chromium - containing leather waste, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 87 (1992) 380-388.
42. Taylor M M, Diefendorf E J, Marmer W N & Brown E M. Effect of various alkalinity-Inducing agents on chemical and physical properties of protein products isolated from chromium - containing leather waste, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 89 (1994) 221-228.
43. Taylor M M, Diefendorf E J, Thompson C J, Brown E M, Marmer W N & Cabeza L F, Extraction of value added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous leather industry waste, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 81 (1997) 5-13.
44. Taylor M M, Cabeza L F, Marmer W N & Brown E M, Enzymatic modification of hydrolisis products from collagen using a microbial transglutamase I, Physical properties, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 96 (2001) 311-332.
45. Taylor M M, Liu C K, Latona N, Marmer W N & Brown E M, Enzymatic modification of hydrolisis products from collagen using a microbial transglutamase II, Preparation of films, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 71 (2002) 225-233.
46. Taylor M M, Liu C K, Marmer W N & Brown E M, Enzymatic modification of hydrolisis products from collagen using a microbial transglutamase III, Preparation of films with improved mechanical properties, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 98 (2003) 435-44.
47. Kresalkova M, Hnanickova. L, Kupec Kolomaznik & Alexy P, Application of protein hydrlysate from chrome shavings for polyvinyl alcohol based biodegradable material, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 97 (2002) 143-149.
48. Kupec J, Dvorackova M, Rudlova S, Ruicka J & Kolomaznik K, Deproteination of chrome waste by washing and enzymatic hydrolysis, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 97, (2002) 349-354.
49. Cabeza L F, Taylor M M, Brown E M & Marmer W N, Chemical and physical properties of protein products isolated from chromium containing leather waste using two consecutive enzymes, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 82 (1998) 173-179.
50. Cabeza L F, Taylor M M, Brown E M & Marmer W N, Isolation of protein products from chromium containing leather waste using two consecutive enzymes and purification of final chromium product, pilot plant studies, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 83 (1999) 14-18.
51. Manzo G, Fedele G & Coluvcio A, Utilisation of shavings in chrome tannage, Cuio, 69 (1993) 63-69.
52. Cantera C S, Giuste M D & Sofia A, Hydrolysis of chrome shavings: Application of collagen hydrolysate and acrylic protein in post tanning operations, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 81 (1997) 183-191.
53. Cantera C, Goya L & Mingo R, Collagen hydrohysate: Soluble skin applied in post tanning process Part I: Characterisation, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 84 (2000) 29-36.
54. Cantera C S, Adding value to chrome shavings: hydrolysates as retanning materials, World Leather, 16 (2003) 27-29.
55. Crispim A & Mota M, Leather shavings treatment - An enzymatic approach, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 87 (2003)
56. Cole C G B & McGill A E J, The properties of gelatines derived by alkali and enzymic conditioning of bovine from animals of various ages, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 72 (1988) 159-164.
57. Langmaier F, Kolomaznik K, Sukop S & f, Products of enzymatic decomposition of chrome tanned leather waste, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 83 (1999) 187-195.
58. Shanthi C, Shelly D C & Stennet B, Immobilisation of degradative enzyme onto collagen hydrolysate films, J Am Leather Chem Assoc, 98 (2003) 6-12.
59. Cot J, Aramon C, Baucells M, Lacort G & Roura M, Waste processing in the tannery: Procution of gelation, reconstituted collagen and glue from chrome - tanned leather splits and trimmings subjected to modified detanning process, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 70 (1986) 69-76.
60. Cot J, Marsal A, Manich A, Celma P, Choque R, Cabeza L, Labastida L, Lopez J & Salmeron J, Minimisation of Industrial wastes: Adding value to collagen materials, J Soc Leather Technol Chem, 87 (2003) 97-99.