Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: Will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn?

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 273, Issue 1592, 2006, Pages 1421-1427

  Sand, Håkan ^a   Wikenros, Camilla ^a   Wabakken, Petter ^b   Liberg, Olof ^a  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b INLAND NORWAY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Behavioural adjustments; Hunting success; Moose; Naive prey; Wolves

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; CANID; HUNTING; LOCAL EXTINCTION; NATIVE SPECIES; PREDATION; PREY SELECTION; UNGULATE;

ANIMAL HUNTING; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR CHANGE; CARNIVORE; CONTROLLED STUDY; MOOSE; NONHUMAN; PREDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; WOLF; ADAPTATION; ANIMAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEER; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NORTH AMERICA; PHYSIOLOGY; SCANDINAVIA;

EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTH AMERICA; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

ALCES ALCES; CANIDAE; CANIS LUPUS; MAMMALIA; URSUS ARCTOS;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; DEER; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NORTH AMERICA; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; SCANDINAVIA; WOLVES;

EID: 33746199893     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3447     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Arnemo, J. M., Ahlqvist, P. & Segerström, P. 2004 Biomedical protocol for free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) in Scandinavia: capture, anesthesia, surgery, tagging, sampling and necropsy procedures. Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Norway. (http://skandulv.nina.no/skandulv%20new/ Publikasjoner/publikasjoner.htm)
2. Ballard, W. B. & Ballenberge, V. V. 1998 Predator/prey relationships. In Ecology and Management of the North American Moose (ed. A. W. Franzman & C. C. Schwartz), pp. 247-274. London, UK: Smithsonian Institutional Press.
3. Ballard, W. B., Franzman, A. W., Taylor, K. P., Spraker, T., Schwartz, C. C. & Peterson, R. O. 1979 Proc. N. Am. Moose Conf. Workshop 15, 362-387.
4. Ballenberge, V. V. & Ballard, W. B. 1998 Population dynamics. In Ecology and management of the North American moose (ed. A. W. Franzman & C. C. Schwartz), pp. 223-246. London, UK: Smithsonian Institutional Press.
5. Bayers, J. A. 1997 American pronghorn: social adaptations and ghost of predators past. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
6. Berger, J. 1999 Anthropogenic extinction of top carnivores and interspecific animal behaviour: implications of the rapid decoupling of a web involving wolves, bears, moose and ravens. Proc. R. Soc. B 266, 2261-2267. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0917)
7. Berger, J. 2005 Hunting by carnivores and humans: does functional redundancy occur and does it matter? In Large carnivores and the conservation of biodiversity (ed. J. Ray, K. Redford, R. Steneck & J. Berger), pp. 315-341. Washington, DC: Island Press.
8. Berger, J., Swenson, J. E. & Persson, I. 2001 Re-colonising carnivores and naive prey: conservation lessons from Pleistocene extinctions. Science 291, 1036-1039. (doi:10.1126/science.1056466)
9. Blumstein, D. T. 2002 Moving to suburbia: ontogenetic and evolutionary consequences of life on predator-free islands. J. Biogeogr. 29, 685-692. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00717.x)
10. Blumstein, D. T. & Daniel, J. C. 2005 The loss of anti-predator behaviour following isolation on islands. Proc. R. Soc. B 272, 1663-1668.
11. Brown, J. S. 1999 Vigilance, patch use, and habitat selection: foraging under predation risk. Evol. Ecol. Res. 1, 49-71.
12. Cederlund, G. N. & Sand, H. K. G. 1991 Population dynamics and yield of a moose population without predators. Alces 27, 31-40.
13. Ekman, H., Hermansson, N., Pettersson, J. O., Rulker, J., Steen, M. & Stålfält, F. 1992 Älgen - djuret, skötseln och jakten. Stockholm, Sweden: Svenska Jägareförbundet.
14. Elgar, M. A. 1989 Predator vigilance and group size in mammals and birds: a critical review of the empirical evidence. Biol. Rev. Camb. Phil. Soc. 64, 13-33.
15. Festa-Bianchet, M. 2003 Exploitative wildlife management as a selective pressure for life-history evolution of large mammals. In Animal behaviour and wildlife conservation (ed. M. Festa-Bianchet & M. Appollonio), pp. 191-207. Washington, DC: Island Press.
16. Franzman, A. W. 1998 Restraint, relocation and husbandry. In Ecology and management of the North American moose (ed. A. W. Franzman & C. C. Schwartz), pp. 519-558. London, UK: Smithsonian Institutional Press.
17. Franzmann, A. W. & Schwartz, C. C. 1998 Ecology and management of the North American moose. London, UK: Smithsonian Institutional Press.
18. Franzman, A. W., LeResche, R. E., Rausch, R. A. & Oldemeyer, L. L. 1978 Alaskan moose measurements and weights and measurement-weight relationships. Can. J. Zool. 56, 298-306.
19. Gasaway, W. C., Boertje, R. D., Grangaard, D. V., Kelleyhouse, D. G., Stephenson, R. O. & Larsen, D. G. 1992 The role of predation in limiting moose at low densities in Alaska and Yukon and implications for conservation. Wildl. Monogr. 120, 1-59.
20. Geist, V. 1963 On the behaviour of North American moose (Alces alces Andersoni Peterson, 1950) in British Columbia. Behaviour 20, 377-416.
21. Haber, G. C. 1977 Socio-ecological dynamics of wolves and prey in a subarctic ecosystem. Ph.D. thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
22. Haglund, B. 1968 De stora rovdjurens vintervanor II. Swedish Wildl. 5, 213-361.
23. Harvey, P. H. & Greenwood, P. J. 1978 Anti-predator defence strategies: some evolutionary problems. In Behavioral ecology: an evolutionary approach (ed. J. R. Krebs & N. B. Davies), pp. 129-151. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
24. Hunter, L. T. B. & Skinner, J. D. 1998 Vigilance behaviour in African ungulates: the role of predation pressure. Behaviour 135, 195-211.
25. Laundré, J. W., Hernández, L. & Altendorf, K. B. 2001 Wolves, elk, and bison: re-establishing the "landscape of fearin Yellowstone National Park, USA. Can. J. Zool. 79, 1401-1409.
26. Lavsund, S. & Sandegren, F. 1989 Swedish moose management and harvest during the period 1964-1989. Alces 25, 58-62.
27. Lima, S. L. & Dill, L. M. 1990 Behavioural decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Can. J. Zool. 68, 619-640.
28. Magurran, A. E. 1999 The causes and consequences of geographic variation in anti-predator behaviour: perspectives from fish populations. In Geographic variation in behaviour: perspectives on evolutionary mechanisms (ed. S. A. Foster & J. A. Endler), pp. 139-163. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
29. Markgren, G. 1969 Reproduction of moose in Sweden. Swedish Wildl. 6, 127-299.
30. Mech, L. D. 1966 The wolves of Isle Royale. In Fauna of the National Parks of the US. Fauna series no. 7. Washington, DC: US Govt. Print. Off.
31. Mech, L. D. 1970 The wolf: the ecology and behaviour of an endangered species. New York, NY: Doubleday/Natural History Press.
32. Mech, L. D. & Peterson, R. O. 2004 Wolf prey relations. In Wolves: behaviour, ecology and conservation (ed. L. D. Mech & L. Boitani), pp. 131-160. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
33. Mech, L. D., Adams, L. G., Meier, T. J., Burch, J. W. & Dale, B. W. 1998 The wolves of Denali. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
34. Murray, D., Boutin, S., O'Donoghue, M. & Nams, V.-O. 1995 Hunting behaviour of a sympatric felid and canid in relation to vegetative cover. Anim. Behav. 50, 1203-1210. (doi:10.1016/0003-3472(95)80037-9)
35. Orians, G. H. et al. 1997 Wolves, bears, and their prey in Alaska: biological and social challenges in wildlife management. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
36. Peterson, R. O. 1977 Wolf ecology and prey relationships on Isle Royale. US Natl Park Service Sci. Monogr. Ser. No. 11.
37. Peterson, R. O. & Ciucci, P. 2003 The wolf as a carnivore. In Wolves: behaviour, ecology and conservation (ed. L. D. Mech & L. Boitani), pp. 104-130. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
38. Peterson, R. O., Woolington, J. D. & Bailey, T. N. 1984 Wolves of the Kenai Peninsula Alaska. Wildl. Monogr. 88, 1-52.
39. Saether, B.-E., Engen, S. & Lande, R. 1996 Density-dependence and optimal harvesting of fluctuating populations. Oikos 76, 40-46.
40. Sand, H., Zimmermann, B. Wabakken, P., & Andrén, H. In press. Using GPS-technology and GIS-cluster analyses to estimate kill rates in wolf-ungulate ecosystems. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 33.
41. Stubsjoen, T., Saether, B.-E., Solberg, E. J., Helm, M. & Rolandsen, C. M. 2000 Moose (Alces alces) survival in three populations in northern Norway. Can. J. Zool. 78, 1822-1830.
42. Solberg, E. J. et al. 2003. The effects of large carnivores on wild ungulates in Norway: implications for ecological processes, harvest and hunting methods. (In Norwegian). NINA Fagrapport 63, Trondheim, Norway.
43. Swenson, J. E., Sandegren, F., Bjärvall, A., Soderberg, A., Wabakken, P. & Franzen, R. 1994 Size, trend, distribution and conservation of the brown bear, Ursus arctos population in Sweden. Biol. Conserv. 70, 9-17. (doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)90293-3)
44. Wabakken, P., Sand, H., Liberg, O. & Bjarvall, A. 2001 The recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998. Can. J. Zool. 79, 710-725. (doi:10.1139/cjz-79-4-710)