Enzyme activity assay for cholesterol 27-hydroxylase in mitochondria

Journal of Lipid Research

Volumn 47, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1507-1512

  Li, Xiaobo ^a,b,c   Hylemon, Philip ^a,b   Pandak, William M ^a   Ren, Shunlin ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c FUDAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Cholesterol metabolism; Proteinase K; Proteolysis; cyclodextrin

Indexed keywords

BETA CYCLODEXTRIN; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL 27 HYDROXYLASE ENZYME; OXYGENASE; PROTEINASE K; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BILE ACID SYNTHESIS; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURE MEDIUM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME ASSAY; HOMEOSTASIS; KINETICS; MALE; MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RELATIVE DENSITY;

EID: 33746045325     PISSN: 00222275     EISSN: 15397262     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M600117-JLR200     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Dubrac, S., S. R. Lear, M. Ananthanarayanan, N. Balasubramaniyan, J. Bollineni, S. Shefer, H. Hyogo, D. E. Cohen, P. J. Blanche, R. M. Krauss, et al. 2005. Role of CYP27A in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 46: 76-85.
2. Babiker, A., O. Andersson, E. Lund, R. J. Xiu, S. Deeb, A. Reshef, E. Leitersdorf, U. Diczfalusy, and I. Bjorkhem. 1997. Elimination of cholesterol in macrophages and endothelial cells by the sterol 27-hydroxylase mechanism. Comparison with high density lipoprotein-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 26253-26261.
3. Björkhem, I., O. Andersson, U. Diczfalusy, B. Sevastik, R. J. Xiu, C. Duan, and E. Lund. 1994. Atherosclerosis and sterol 27-hydroxylase: evidence for a role of this enzyme in elimination of cholesterol from human macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91: 8592-8596.
4. Björkhem, I., and E. Leitersdorf. 2000. Sterol 27-hydroxylase deficiency: a rare cause of xanthomas in normocholesterolemic humans. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 11: 180-183.
5. Cali, J. J., C. L. Hsieh, U. Francke, and D. W. Russell. 1991. Mutations in the bile acid biosynthetic enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase underlie cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 7779-7783.
6. Goldstein, J. L., and M. S. Brown. 1990. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature. 343: 425-430.
7. Schroepfer, G. J., Jr. 2000. Oxysterols: modulators of cholesterol metabolism and other processes. Physiol. Rev. 80: 361-554.
8. Song, C., and S. Liao. 2000. Cholestenoic acid is a naturally occurring ligand for liver X receptor alpha. Endocrinology. 141: 4180-4184.
9. Honda, A., G. Salen, Y. Matsuzaki, A. K. Batta, G. Xu, E. Leitersdorf, G. S. Tint, S. K. Erickson, N. Tanaka, and S. Shefer. 2001. Differences in hepatic levels of intermediates in bile acid biosynthesis between Cyp27(-/-) mice and CTX. J. Lipid Res. 42: 291-300.
10. Ishibashi, S., M. Schwarz, P. K. Frykman, J. Herz, and D. W. Russell. 1996. Disruption of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene in mice. I. Postnatal lethality reversed by bile acid and vitamin supplementation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 18017-18023.
11. Hall, E., P. Hylemon, Z. Vlahcevic, D. Mallonee, K. Valerie, N. Avadhani, and W. Pandak. 2001. Overexpression of CYP27 in hepatic and extrahepatic cells: role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 281: G293-G301.
12. Ren, S., P. B. Hylemon, D. Marques, E. Gurley, P. Bodhan, E. Hall, K. Redford, G. Gil, and W. M. Pandak. 2004. Overexpression of cholesterol transporter StAR increases in vivo rates of bile acid synthesis in the rat and mouse. Hepatology. 40: 910-917.
13. Pandak, W. M., S. Ren, D. Marques, E. Hall, K. Redford, D. Mallonee, P. Bohdan, D. Heuman, G. Gil, and P. Hylemon. 2002. Transport of cholesterol into mitochondria is rate-limiting for bile acid synthesis via the alternative pathway in primary rat hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 48158-48164.
14. Hylemon, P. B., E. C. Gurley, R. T. Stravitz, J. S. Litz, W. M. Pandak, J. Y. Chiang, and Z. R. Vlahcevic. 1992. Hormonal regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylasemRNAlevels and transcriptional activity in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 16866-16871.
15. Ren, S., P. Hylemon, Z. P. Zhang, D. Rodriguez-Agudo, D. Marques, X. Li, H. Zhou, G. Gil, and W. Pandak. 2006. Identification of a novel sulfonated oxysterol, 5-cholesten-3beta, 25-diol 3-sulfonate, in hepatocyte nuclei and mitochondria. J. Lipid Res. 47: 1081-1090.
16. Petrack, B., and B. J. Latario. 1993. Synthesis of 27-hydroxycholesterol in rat liver mitochondria: HPLC assay and marked activation by exogenous cholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 34: 643-649.
17. Straka, M. S., L. H. Junker, L. Zacarro, D. L. Zogg, S. Dueland, G. T. Everson, and R. A. Davis. 1990. Substrate stimulation of 7 alpha-hydroxylase, an enzyme located in the cholesterol-poor endoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 7145-7149.
18. Billheimer, J. T., D. Tavani, and W. R. Nes. 1981. Effect of a dispersion of cholesterol in Triton WR-1339 on acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase in rat liver microsomes. Anal. Biochem. 111: 331-335.
19. Irie, T., K. Fukunaga, and J. Pitha. 1992. Hydroxypropylcyclodextrins in parenteral use. I. Lipid dissolution and effects on lipid transfers in vitro. J. Pharm. Sci. 81: 521-523.
20. De Caprio, J., J. Yun, and N. B. Javitt. 1992. Bile acid and sterol solubilization in 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. J. Lipid Res. 33: 441-443.
21. Baker, K. P., A. Schaniel, D. Vestweber, and G. Schatz. 1990. A yeast mitochondrial outer membrane protein essential for protein import and cell viability. Nature. 348: 605-609.
22. Ohba, M., and G. Schatz. 1987. Disruption of the outer membrane restores protein import to trypsin-treated yeast mitochondria. EMBO J. 6: 2117-2122.