Ecology of juvenile grouse during the transition to adulthood

Journal of Zoology

Volumn 269, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 422-433

  Hannon, S J ^a   Martin, K ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Dispersal; Habitat use; Juvenile grouse; Population; Survival

Indexed keywords

BROOD REARING; GAMEBIRD; HABITAT USE; JUVENILE; MORTALITY; PREDATION; SURVIVAL;

ANIMALIA; HEXAPODA; INSECTA; PHASIANIDAE; RAPTORES;

EID: 33745891543     PISSN: 09528369     EISSN: 14697998     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00159.x     Document Type: Review

References (124)

1. Aldridge, C.L. & Brigham, R.M. (2001). Nesting and reproductive activities of greater sage grouse in a declining northern fringe population. Condor 103, 537-543.
2. Aldridge, C.L. & Brigham, R.M. (2002). Sage-grouse nesting and brood habitat use in southern Canada. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 66, 433-444.
3. Angelstam, P. (1984). Sexual and seasonal differences in mortality of the black grouse Tetrao tetrix in boreal Sweden. Ornis Scand. 15, 123-124.
4. Baines, D. (1991). Factors contributing to local and regional variation in black grouse breeding success in northern Britain. Ornis Scand. 22, 264-269.
5. Beaudette, P.D. & Keppie, D.M. (1992). Survival of dispersing spruce grouse. Can. J. Zool. 70, 693-697.
6. Bergerud, A.T. (1970). Population dynamics of the willow ptarmigan, Lagopus lagopus alleni L. in Newfoundland, 1955-1965. Oikos 21, 299-325.
7. Bergerud, A.T. (1988). Population ecology of North American grouse. In Adaptive strategies and population ecology of northern grouse: 578-685. Bergerud, A.T. & Gratson, M.W. (Eds). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
8. Bergerud, A.T. & Gratson, M.W. (1988). Survival and breeding strategies of grouse. In Adaptive strategies and population ecology of northern grouse: 473-577. Bergerud, A.T. & Gratson, M.W. (Eds). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
9. Bernard, A. (1981). An analysis of black grouse nesting and brood habitats in the French Alps. In Second International Grouse Symposium: 156-172. Lovel, T.W.I. (Ed.). Edinburgh: World Pheasant Association.
10. Boag, D.A., McCourt, K.H., Herzog, P.W. & Alway, J.H. (1979). Population regulation in spruce grouse: a working hypothesis. Can. J. Zool. 57, 2275-2284.
11. Boag, D.A. & Schroeder, M.A. (1992). Spruce grouse. In The birds of North America, No. 5: 1-28. Poole, A., Stettenheim, P. & Gill, F. (Eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences & Washington: The American Ornithologists' Union.
12. Boggs, C., Norris, E. & Steen, J.B. (1977). Behavioural and physiological temperature regulation in young chicks of the willow grouse Lagopus lagopus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 58A, 371-372.
13. Børset, E. & Krafft, A. (1973). Black grouse Lyrurus tetrix and capercaillie Tertao urogallus brood habitats in a Norwegian spruce forest. Oikos 24, 1-7.
14. Bousquet, K.R. & Rotella, J.J. (1998). Reproductive success of sharp-tailed grouse in central Montana. Prairie Nat. 30, 63-70.
15. Bowman, T.J. & Robel, R.J. (1977). Brood break-up, dispersal, mobility, and mortality of juvenile prairie chickens. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 41, 27-34.
16. Braun, C.E., Martin, K. & Robb, L.A. (1993). White-tailed ptarmigan. In The birds of North America, No. 68: 1-24. Poole, A. & Gill, F. (Eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences & Washington: The American Ornithologists' Union.
17. Braun, C.E. & Rogers, G.E. (1971). The white-tailed ptarmigan in Colorado, No. 27. Colorado: Colorado Division of Game, Fish, and Parks Technical Publication.
18. Bump, G.R., Darrow, R.W., Edminster, C. & Crissey, W.F. (1947). The ruffed grouse: life history, propagation, and management. Albany: New York Conservation Department.
19. Burkepile, N.A., Connelly, J.W., Stanley, D.W. & Reese, K.P. (2002). Attachment of radiotransmitters to one-day-old sage grouse chicks. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 30, 93-96.
20. Caizergues, A. & Ellison, L.N. (1997). Survival of black grouse Tetrao tetrix in the French Alps. Wildl. Biol. 3, 177-186.
21. Caizergues, A. & Ellison, L.N. (2000). Age-specific performance of black grouse Tetrao tetrix females. Bird Study 47, 344-351.
22. Caizergues, A. & Ellison, L.N. (2002). Natal dispersal and its consequences in black grouse Tetrao tetrix. Ibis 144, 478-487.
23. Calladine, J., Baines, D. & Warren, P. (2002). Effects of reduced grazing on population density and breeding success of black grouse in northern England. J. Appl. Ecol. 39, 772-780.
24. Connelly, J.W., Schroeder, M.A., Sands, A.R. & Braun, C.E. (2000). Guidelines to manage sage grouse populations and their habitats. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 28, 967-985.
25. Dusek, G.L., Eustace, C.D. & Peterson, J.G. (2002). The ecology and status of sage grouse in Montana. Intermountain J. Sci. 8, 67-81.
26. Ellison, L.N. (1991). Shooting and compensatory mortality in tetraonids. Ornis Scand. 22, 229-240.
27. Erikstad, K.E. (1985). Growth and survival of willow grouse chicks in relation to home range size, brood movements and habitat selection. Ornis Scand. 16, 181-190.
28. Erikstad, K.E. & Andersen, R. (1983). The effect of weather on food intake, insect prey selection and feeding time in different sized willow grouse broods. Ornis Scand. 14, 249-252.
29. Frilund, G.E. (2000). The effect of hunting on survival in willow ptarmigan, Lagopus l. lagopus. Candidata scientiarum thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
30. Gardarsson, A. (1988). Cyclic population changes and some related events in rock ptarmigan in Iceland. In Adaptive strategies and population ecology of northern grouse: 300-329. Bergerud, A.T. & Gratson, M.W. (Eds). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
31. Gjerde, I. & Wegge, P. (1989). Spacing pattern, habitat use and survival of capercaillie in a fragmented winter habitat. Ornis Scand. 20, 219-225.
32. Gratson, M.W. (1988). Spatial patterns, movements, and cover selection by sharp-tailed grouse. In Adaptive strategies and population ecology of northern grouse: 158-192. Bergerud, A.T. & Gratson, M.W. (Eds). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
33. Grimm, V. & Storch, I. (2000). Minimum viable population size of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: results from a stochastic model. Wildl. Biol. 6, 219-225.
34. Gruys, R.C. (1993). Autumn and winter movements and sexual segregation of willow ptarmigan. Arctic 46, 228-239.
35. Hagen, C.A. (2003). A demographic analysis of lesser prairie chicken populations in southwestern Kansas: survival, population viability, and habitat use. PhD thesis, Kansas State University.
36. Hannon, S., Eason, P. & Martin, K. (1998). Willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus). In The birds of North America, No. 369: 1-28. Poole, A. & Gill, F. (Eds). Philadelphia: The Birds of North America.
37. Hannon, S.J. (1983). Spacing and breeding density of willow ptarmigan in response to an experimental alteration of sex ratio. J. Anim. Ecol. 52, 807-820.
38. Hannon, S.J., Martin, K. & Schieck, J.O. (1988). Timing of reproduction in two populations of willow ptarmigan in northern Canada. Auk 105, 330-338.
39. Harrison, S. (2001). Effects of forest connectivity on ecological processes: using spruce grouse as a model system. PhD thesis, University of British Columbia.
40. Haulton, G.S. (1999). Ruffed grouse natality, chick survival, and brood micro-habitat selection in the southern Appalachians. MS thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
41. Haulton, G.S., Stauffer, D.F., Kirkpatrick, R.L. & Norman, G.W. (2003). Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) brood microhabitat selection in the southern Appalachians. Am. Midl. Nat. 150, 95-103.
42. Hewitt, D.G., Keppie, D.M. & Stauffer, D.F. (2001). Predation effects on forest grouse recruitment. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 29, 16-23.
43. Hines, J.E. (1986a). Recruitment of young in a declining population of blue grouse. PhD thesis, University of Alberta.
44. Hines, J.E. (1986b). Survival and reproduction of dispersing blue grouse. Condor 88, 43-49.
45. Hines, J.E. (1987). Winter habitat relationships of blue grouse on Hardwicke Island, British Columbia, Canada. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 51, 426-435.
46. Hörnell-Willebrand, M. (2005). Temporal and spatial dynamics of willow grouse Lagopus lagopus. PhD thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea.
47. Hudson, P. (1986). Red grouse, the biology and management of a wild game bird. Fordringbridge: The Game Conservancy Trust.
48. Hudson, P.J. (1992). Grouse in space and time: the population biology of a managed gamebird. Fordringbridge: The Game Conservancy Trust.
49. Jenkins, D., Watson, A. & Miller, G.R. (1963). Population studies on red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus (Lath.) in north-east Scotland. J. Anim. Ecol. 32, 317-376.
50. Johnsgard, P.A. (1983). The grouse of the world. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
51. Johnson, K.H. & Braun, C.E. (1999). Viability and conservation of an exploited sage grouse population. Conserv. Biol. 13, 77-84.
52. Kastdalen, L. & Wegge, P. (1991). Chick mortality in capercaillie grouse. Internal report, Institutt for Biologi og Naturforvaltning, norges Landbrukshogskole.
53. Kimmel, R.O. & Samuel, D.E. (1984). Ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus brood habitat on reclaimed surface mines in West Virginia, USA. Min. Environ. 6, 150-153.
54. Koskimies, J. (1962). Ontogeny of thermoregulation and energy metabolism in some gallinaceous birds. Suppl. Ricerche Zool. Appl. Caccia 4, 149-160.
55. Koskimies, J. & Lahti, L. (1964). Cold-hardiness of the newly hatched young in relation to ecology and distribution in ten species of European ducks. Auk 81, 281-307.
56. Kurki, S., Nikula, A., Helle, P. & Lindén, H. (1998). Abundances of red fox and pine marten in relation to the composition of boreal forest landscapes. J. Anim. Ecol. 67, 874-886.
57. Kurki, S., Nikula, A., Helle, P. & Lindén, H. (2000). Landscape fragmentation and forest composition effects on grouse breeding success in boreal forests. Ecology 81, 1985-1997.
58. Larson, M.A., Clark, M.E. & Winterstein, S.R. (2001). Survival of ruffed grouse chicks in northern Michigan. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 65, 880-886.
59. Lindén, H. (1981a). Changes in Finnish tetraonid populations and some factors influencing mortality. Finn. Game Res. 39, 3-12.
60. Lindén, H. (1981b). Estimation of juvenile mortality in the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus, and the black grouse, Tetrao tetrix, from indirect evidence. Finn. Game Res. 39, 35-51.
61. Lindström, J. (1994). Tetraonid population studies - state of the art. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 31, 347-364.
62. Loneux, M. (2003). Are climate changes the cause of the decline of the black grouse? Levende Natuur. 104, 104-107.
63. Manzer, D. (2004). Sharp-tailed grouse breeding success, survival, and site selection in relation to habitat measured at multiple scales. PhD thesis, University of Alberta.
64. Marcström, V. (1960). Studies on the physiological and ecologial background to the reproduction of the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus Lin.). Viltrevy 2, 1-85.
65. Marcström, V. & Höglund, N.H. (1980). Factors affecting reproduction of willow grouse, Lagopus lagopus, in two highland areas of Sweden. Viltrevy 11, 285-314.
66. Martin, K. & Horn, A.G. (1993). Clutch defense by male and female willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus. Ornis Scand. 24, 261-266.
67. Martin, K., Stacey, P.B. & Braun, C.E. (2000). Recruitment, dispersal and demographic rescue in spatially structured white-tailed ptarmigan populations. Condor 102, 503-516.
68. Martin, K. & Wiebe, K.L. (2004). Coping mechanisms of alpine and arctic breeding birds: extreme weather and limitations to reproductive resilience. Integr. Comp. Biol. 44, 177-185.
69. McCourt, K.H. (1969). Dispersion and dispersal of female and juvenile Franklin's grouse in southwestern Alberta. MSc thesis, University of Alberta.
70. Miquet, A. (1990). Mortality in black grouse Tetrao tetrix due to elevated cables. Biol. Conserv. 54, 349-355.
71. Montadert, M. & Leonard, P. (2003). Survival in an expanding hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia population in the southeastern French Alps. Wildl. Biol. 9, 357-364.
72. Moss, R. (1980). Why are capercaillie cocks so big? Brit. Birds 73, 440-447.
73. Moss, R., Watson, A. & Parr, R. (1975). Maternal nutrition and breeding success in red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus). J. Anim. Ecol. 44, 171-190.
74. Moss, R., Watson, A., Rothery, P. & Glennie, W.W. (1981). Clutch size, egg size, hatch weight and laying date in relation to early mortality in red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus chicks. Ibis 123, 450-462.
75. Park, K.J., Booth, F., Newborn, D. & Hudson, P.J. (2002). Breeding losses of red grouse in Glen Esk (NE Scotland): comparative studies, 30 years on. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 39, 21-28.
76. Park, K.J., Robertson, P.A., Campbell, S.T., Foster, R., Russell, Z.M., Newborn, D. & Hudson, P.J. (2001). The role of invertebrates in the diet, growth and survival of red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) chicks. J. Zool. (Lond.) 254, 137-145.
77. Parker, H. (1984). Effect of corvid removal on reproduction of willow ptarmigan and black grouse. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 48, 1197-1205.
78. Pelren, E.C. (1997). Blue grouse winter ecology in northeastern Oregon. PhD thesis, Oregon State University.
79. Peñuelas, J. & Filella, I. (2001). Responses to a warming world. Science 294, 793-795.
80. Peterson, M.J., Grant, W.E. & Silvy, N.J. (1998). Simulation of reproductive stages limiting productivity of the endangered Attwater's prairie chicken. Ecol. Modell. 111, 283-295.
81. Peterson, M.J. & Silvy, N.J. (1994). Spring precipitation and fluctuations in Attwater's prairie chicken numbers: hypotheses revisited. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 58, 222-229.
82. Pitman, J.C. (2003). Lesser prairie chicken nest site selection and nest success, juvenile gender determination and growth, and juvenile survival and dispersal in southwestern Kansas. PhD thesis, University of Kansas.
83. Pöysä, H. & Pesonen, M. 2003. Density dependence, regulation and open-closed populations: insights from the wigeon, Anas penelope. Oikos 102, 358-366.
84. Rintamäki, H., Saarela, S., Marjakangas, A. & Hissa, R. (1983). Summer and winter temperature regulation in the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix. Physiol. Zool. 56, 152-159.
85. Robb, L.A., Martin, K. & Hannon, S.J. (1992). Spring body condition, fecundity and survival in female willow ptarmigan. J. Anim. Ecol. 61, 215-223.
86. Rørvik, K.-A., Pederson, H.C. & Steen, J.B. (1999). An impact of genetic variation and predation risk on chick survival in willow ptarmigan Lagopus l. lagopus. Wildl. Biol. 5, 129-135.
87. Royama, T. (1996). A fundamental problem in key factor analysis. Ecology 77, 87-93.
88. Sandercock, B.K., Martin, K. & Hannon, S.J. (2005a). Demographic consequences of age-structure in extreme environments: population models for arctic and alpine ptarmigan. Oecologia 146, 13-24.
89. Sandercock, B.K., Martin, K. & Hannon, S.J. (2005b). Life history strategies in extreme environments: comparative demography in arctic and alpine ptarmigan. Ecology 86, 2176-2186.
90. Schroeder, M.A. (1997). Unusually high reproductive effort by sage grouse in a fragmented habitat in north-central Washington. Condor 99, 933-941.
91. Selas, V. (2001). Autumn population size of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in relation to bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus production and weather: an analysis of Norwegian game reports. Wildl. Biol. 7, 17-25.
92. Slagsvold, T. (1975). Production of young by the willow grouse, Lagopus lagopus, in Norway in relation to temperature. Norw. J. Zool. 23, 269-275.
93. Small, R.J., Holzwart, J.C. & Rusch, D.H. (1991). Predation and hunting mortality of ruffed grouse in central Wisconsin, USA. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 55, 512-521.
94. Small, R.J., Holzwart, J.C. & Rusch, D.H. (1993). Are ruffed grouse more vulnerable to mortality during dispersal? Ecology 74, 2020-2026.
95. Small, R.J. & Rusch, D.H. (1989). The natal dispersal of ruffed grouse. Auk 106, 72-79.
96. Smith, A. & Willebrand, T. (1999). Mortality causes and survival rates of hunted and unhunted willow grouse. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 63, 722-730.
97. Sopuck, L.G. & Zwickel, F.C. (1992). Post-nesting movements of female blue grouse. Northw. Nat. 73, 46-53.
98. Steen, H. & Erikstad, K.E. (1996). Sensitivity of willow grouse Lagopus lagopus population dynamics to variations in demographic parameters. Wildl. Biol. 2, 27-35.
99. Steen, J.B., Steen, H., Stenseth, N.C., Myrberget, S. & Marcström, V. (1988). Microtine density and weather as predictors of chick production in willow ptarmigan, Lagopus l. lagopus. Oikos 51, 367-373.
100. Storch, I. (1994). Habitat and survival of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus nests and broods in the Bavarian Alps. Biol. Conserv. 70, 237-243.
101. Storch, I. (2000). Conservation status and threats to grouse worldwide: an overview. Wildl. Biol. 6, 195-204.
102. Sun, Y.H., Swenson, J.E., Fang, Y., Klaus, S. & Scherzinger, W. (2003). Population ecology of Chinese grouse, Bonasa sewerzowi, in a fragmented landscape. Biol. Conserv. 110, 177-184.
103. Sutherland, G.D., Harestad, A.S., Price, K. & Lertzman, K.P. (2000). Scaling of natal dispersal distances in terrestrial birds and mammals. Conserv. Ecol. 4, 16. [online] URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol4/iss1/art16.
104. Swenson, J.E. (1986). Differential survival by sex in juvenile sage grouse and gray partridge. Ornis Scand. 17, 14-17.
105. Thirgood, S.J., Redpath, S.M., Rothery, P. & Aebischer, N.J. (2000). Raptor predation and population limitation in red grouse. J. Anim. Ecol. 69, 504-516.
106. Warren, P.K. & Baines, D. (2002). Dispersal, survival and causes of mortality in black grouse Tetrao tetrix in northern England. Wildl. Biol. 8, 91-97.
107. Watson, A. & Moss, R. (1988). Spacing behavior and population limitation in red grouse. Auk 105, 207-208.
108. Watson, A. & Moss, R. (2004). Impacts of ski-development on ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) at Cairn Gorm, Scotland. Biol. Conserv. 116, 267-275.
109. Weeden, R.B. & Theberge, J.B. (1972). The dynamics of a fluctuating population of rock ptarmigan in Alaska. Proceedings of the XVth International Ornithological Congress: 90-106.
110. Wegge, P. (1980). Distorted sex ratio among small broods in a declining capercaillie population. Ornis Scand. 11, 106-109.
111. Wegge, P., Gjerde, I., Kastdalen, L., Rolstad, J. & Storaas, T. (1990). Does forest fragmentation increase the mortality rate of capercaillie? In Transactions of the XIXth Congress of the International Union of Game Biologists: 448-453. Myrberget, S. (Ed.). Trondheim: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research.
112. Wegge, P., Gjerde, I., Rolstad, J. & Storaas, T. (1988). Natural mortality and predation of adult capercaillie in south-east Norway: Section 8. In Fourth International Grouse Symposium: 46-50. Lovel, T.W.I. & Hudson, P. (Eds). UK: World Pheasant Association.
113. Wegge, P., Rolstad, J. & Gjerde, I. (1992). Effects of boreal forest fragmentation on capercaillie grouse: empirical evidence and management implications. In Wildlife 2001: populations: 738-749. McCullough, D.R. & Barret, R.H. (Eds). London: Elsevier Applied Science.
114. Whitcomb, S.D., O'Connell, A.F. & Servello, F.A. (1996a). Productivity of the spruce grouse at the southeastern limit of its range. J. Field Ornithol. 67, 422-427.
115. Whitcomb, S.D., Servello, F.A. & O'Connell, A.F. (1996b). Patch occupancy and dispersal of spruce grouse on the edge of its range in Maine. Can. J. Zool. 74, 1951-1955.
116. Wiebe, K.L. & Martin, K. (1998). Costs and benefits of nest cover for ptarmigan: changes within and between years. Anim. Behav. 56, 1137-1144.
117. Willebrand, T. (1988). Demography and ecology of a black grouse (Tetrao tetrix L.) population. PhD thesis, Uppsala University.
118. Willebrand, T. & Hörnell, M. (2001). Understanding the effects of harvesting willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus) in Sweden. Wildl. Biol. 7, 205-212.
119. Wisdom, M.J. & Mills, L.S. (1997). Sensitivity analysis to guide population recovery: prairie chickens as an example. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 61, 302-312.
120. Wittenberger, J.F. (1978). The evolution of mating systems in grouse. Condor 80, 126-137.
121. Zwickel, F.C. (1967). Some observations of weather and brood behavior in blue grouse. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 31, 563-568.
122. Zwickel, F.C. (1980). Surplus yearlings and regulation of breeding density in blue grouse. Can. J. Zool. 58, 896-905.
123. Zwickel, F.C. (1982). Demographic composition of hunter-harvested blue grouse in east central Vancouver Island, British Columbia. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 46, 1057-1061.
124. Zwickel, F.C. & Bendell, J.F. (2004). Blue grouse: their biology and natural history. Ottawa: NRC Research Press.