Carbon accumulation in Finland's forests 1922-2004 - An estimate obtained by combination of forest inventory data with modelling of biomass, litter and soil

Annals of Forest Science

Volumn 63, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 687-697

  Liski, Jari ^a,b   Lehtonen, Aleksi ^c   Palosuo, Taru ^a   Peltoniemi, Mikko ^c   Eggers, Thies ^a   Muukkonen, Petteri ^c   Mäkipää, Raisa ^c  

^a EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^c FINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Carbon inventory; Forest biomass; Greenhouse gas inventory; Litter; Soil modelling

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; CARBON BALANCE; CLIMATE EFFECT; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; FOREST INVENTORY; FOREST SOIL; HARVESTING; LITTER; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EURASIA; EUROPE; FINLAND; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 33745862508     PISSN: 12864560     EISSN: 1297966X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1051/forest:2006049     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Albrektson A., Andersson B., Skattningar av förnafall i tallbestånd: pilotstudie av en metod, Tech. Report No. 74 (1978).
2. Bousquet P., Peylin P., Ciais P., Le Quere C., Friedlingstein P., Tans P.P., Regional changes in carbon dioxide fluxes of land and oceans since 1980, Science 290 (2000) 1342-1346.
3. Chen J., Chen W., Liu J., Cihlar J., Gray S., Annual carbon balance of Canada's forests during 1895-1996, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 14 (2000) 839.
4. Cooper F.C., Carbon storage in managed forests, Can. J. For. Res. 13 (1983) 155-166.
5. Cronan C.S., Belowground biomass, production, and carbon cycling in mature Norway spruce, Maine, USA, Can. J. For. Res. 33 (2003) 339-350.
6. De Angelis D.L., Gardner R.H., Shugart H.H., Productivity of forest ecosystems studied during the IBP: the woodlands data set, in: Reichle D.E. (Ed.) Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981, pp. 567-672.
7. Erb K.H., Land use-related changes in aboveground carbon stocks of Austria's terrestrial ecosystems, Ecosystems 7 (2004) 563-572.
8. Flower-Ellis J.G.K., Litterfall in an age series of Scots pine stands: summary of results for the period 1973-1983, in: Lindroth A. (Ed.) Climate, Photosynthesis and Litterfall in Pine Forests on Sandy Soil - Basic Ecological Measurement at Järdaås, SLU, Uppsala, 1985, pp. 75-94.
9. Goodale C.L., Apps M.J., Birdsey R.A., Field C.B., Heath L.S., Houghton R.A., Jenkins J.C., Kohlmaier G.H., Kurz W., Liu S.R., Nabuurs G.J., Nilsson S., Shvidenko A.Z., Forest carbon sinks in the Northern Hemisphere, Ecol. Appl. 12 (2002) 891-899.
10. Gower S.T., Krankina O., Olson R.J., Apps M., Linder S., Wang C., Net primary production and carbon allocation patterns of boreal forest ecosystems, Ecol. Appl. 11 (2001) 1395-1411.
11. Hakkila P., Utilization of residual forest biomass, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989.
12. Havas P., Kubin E., Structure, growth and organic matter content in the vegetation cover of an old spruce forest in northern Finland, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 20 (1983) 115-149.
13. Head G.C., Methods for the study of production in root systems, in: Phillipson J. (Ed.), Methods of Study in Soil Ecology: Proceedings of the Paris Symposium, UNESCO, Paris, 1970, pp. 151-157.
14. Heath L.S., Birdsey R.A., Williams D.W., Methodology for estimating soil carbon for the forest carbon budget model of the United States, 2001, Environ. Pollut. 116 (2002) 373-380.
15. Helmisaari H.S., Hallbäcken L., Tree biomass below-ground, in: Andersson F., Braekke F.H., Hallbäcken L. (Eds.), Nutrition and Growth of Norway Spruce Forests in a Nordic Climatic and Deposition Gradient, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, 1998, pp. 80-90.
16. Henttonen H., Puiden kasvunvaihtelu, in: Mälkönen E. (Ed.) Ympäristömuutos ja metsien kunto, Metsien terveydentilan tutkimusohjelman loppuraportti, Metla, 1998, pp. 24-32.
17. Ilvessalo Y., Suomen metsät. Tulokset vuosina 1921-1924 suoritetusta valtakunnan metsien arvioimisesta, Comm. Inst. For. Fenn. 11 (1927) 1-192.
18. IPCC, A special report of the IPCC. Land use, land-use change, and forestry, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
19. IPCC, Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry, IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, 2003.
20. Jalkanen A., Mäkipää R., Ståhl G., Lehtonen A., Petersson H., Estimation of biomass stock of trees in Sweden: comparison of biomass equations and age-dependent biomass expansion factors, Ann. For. Sci. 62 (2005) 845-851.
21. Jenkins J.C., Chojnacky D.C., Heath L.S., Birdsey R.A., Comprehensive Database of Diameter-based Biomass Regressions for North American Tree Species, USDA, Delaware, Ohio, 2004.
22. Kauppi P.E., Posch M., Hänninen P., Henttonen H., Ihalainen A., Lappalainen E., Starr M., Tamminen P., Carbon reservoirs in peatlands and forests in the boreal regions of Finland, Silva Fenn. 31 (1997) 13-25.
23. Kellomäki S., Hari P., Väisänen E., Annual production of some forest mosses as a function of light available for photosynthesis, Silva Fenn. 11 (1977) 81-86.
24. Kumpula J., Colpaert A., Nieminen M., Condition, potential recovery rate, and productivity of lichen (Cladonia spp.) ranges in the Finnish reindeer management area, Arctic 53 (2000) 152-160.
25. Kurz W.A., Apps M., A 70-year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes In the Canadian forest sector, Ecol. Appl. 9 (1999) 526-547.
26. Kurz W.A., Beukema S.J., Apps M.J., Estimation of root biomass and dynamics for the carbon budget model of the Canadian forest sector, Can. J. For. Res. 26 (1996) 1973-1979.
27. Laitakari E., Koivun juuristo (The root system of birch), Acta For. Fenn. 41 (1935) 1-168 (in Finnish).
28. Laitat E., Karjalainen T., Loustau D., Lindner M., Towards an integrated scientific approach for carbon accounting in forestry, Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 4 (2000) 241-251.
29. Lehtonen A., Estimating foliage biomass for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) plots, Tree Phys. 25 (2005) 803-811.
30. Lehtonen A., Mäkipää R., Heikkinen J., Sievänen R., Liski J., Biomass expansion factors (BEF) for Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch according to stand age for boreal forests, For. Ecol. Manage. 188 (2004) 211-224.
31. Lehtonen A., Sievänen R., Mäkelä A., Mäkipä ä R., Korhonen K.T., Hokkanen T., Potential litterfall of Scots pine branches in southern Finland, Ecol. Model. 180 (2004) 305-315.
32. Levy P.E., Hale S.E., Nicoll B.C., Biomass expansion factors and root: shoot ratios for coniferous tree species in Great Britain, Forestry 77 (2004) 421-430.
33. Liski J., Variation in soil organic carbon and thickness of soil horizons within a boreal forest stand - effect of trees and implications for sampling, Silva Fenn. 29 (1995) 255-266.
34. Liski J., Korotkov A.V., Prins C.F.L., Karjalainen T., Victor D.G., Kauppi P.E., Increased carbon sink in temperate and boreal forests, Clim. Change 61 (2003) 89-99.
35. Liski J., Nissinen A., Erhard M., Taskinen O., Climatic effects on litter decomposition from arctic tundra to tropical rainforest, Glob. Change. Biol. 9 (2003) 575-584.
36. Liski J., Palosuo T., Peltoniemi M., Sievänen R., Carbon and decomposition model Yasso for forest soils, Ecol. Model. 189 (2005) 168-182.
37. Liski J., Perruchoud D., Karjalainen T., Increasing carbon stocks in the forest soils of Western Europe, For. Ecol. Manage. 169 (2002) 163-179.
38. Liski J., Westman C.J., Carbon storage in forest soil of Finland. 2. Size and regional patterns, Biogeochemistry 36 (1997) 261-274.
39. Longton R.E., The role of bryophytes and lichens in terrestrial ecosystems, in: Bates J.W., Farmer A.M. (Eds.), Bryophytes and lichens in a changing environment, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992, pp. 32-75.
40. Lucht W., Prentice I.C., Myneni R.B., Sitch S., Friedlingstein P., Cramer W., Bousquet P., Buermann W., Smith B., Climatic control of the high-latitude vegetation greening trend and Pinatubo effect, Science 296 (2002) 1687-1689.
41. 2 emissions and sinks according to UNFCCC and EU monitoring mechanism: forest and other wooded land, Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 4 (2000) 315-319.
42. Majdi H., Changes in fine root production and longevity in relation to water and nutrient availability in a Norway spruce stand in northern Sweden, Tree Phys. 21 (2001) 1057-1061.
43. Matthews E., Global litter production, pools, and turnover times: Estimates from measurement data and regression models, J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 18771-18800.
44. MCPFE, State of Europe's Forests, MCPFE, Vienna, 2003.
45. Metla, Metsätilastollinen vuosikirja 2003, Finnish Statistical Yearbook of Forestry, Metla, 2003.
46. Mikola P., On variations in tree growth and their significance to growth studies, Comm. Inst. For. Fenn. 38 (1950) 131.
47. Mikola P., Comparative experiment on decomposition rates of forest litter in southern and northern Finland, Oikos 11 (1960) 161-167.
48. Monni S., Peltoniemi M., Palosuo T., Lehtonen A., Mäkipää R., Savolainen I., Role of forest carbon stock changes in the uncertainty of greenhouse gas inventories - the case of Finland, Clim. Change (2006) (in press).
49. Mork E., Om skogbunnens lyngvegetasjon, Medd. Norsk. Skogf.k. 31-34 (1946) 274-356.
50. Muukkonen P., Needle litter production rates of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) derived from the needle-shed dynamics, Trees - Struct. Funct. 19 (2005) 273-279.
51. Muukkonen P., Lehtonen A., Needle and branch biomass turnover rates of Norway spruce (Picea abies), Can. J. For. Res. 34 (2004) 2517-2527.
52. Muukkonen P., Mäkipää R., Empirical biomass models of understorey vegetation in boreal forests according to stand and site attributes, Boreal Env. Res. (2006) (in press).
53. Myneni R.B., Keeling C.D., Tucker C.J., Asrar G., Nemani R.R., Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991, Nature 386 (1997) 698-702.
54. Mälkönen E., Annual primary production and nutrient cycle in some Scots pine stands, Comm. Inst. For. Fenn. 84.5 (1974) 1-87.
55. Mälkönen E., Annual primary production and nutrient cycle in a birch stand, Comm. Inst. For. Fenn. 91.5 (1977) 1-35.
56. Nabuurs G.J., Schelhaas M.J., Mohren G.M.J., Field C.B., Temporal evolution of the European forest sector carbon sink from 1950 to 1999, Glob. Chang. Biol. 9 (2003) 152-160.
57. Nakatsubo T., Uchida M., Horikoshi T., Nakane K., Comparative study of the biomass loss rate of moss litter in boreal and subalpine forests in relation to temperature, Ecol. Res. 12 (1997) 47-54.
58. Nilsson S., Shvidenko A., Stolbovoi V., Gluch M., Jonas M., Obersteiner M., Full Carbon Account for Russia, IIASA, Interim Report IR-00-021 (2000) 1-180.
59. Palosuo T., Liski J., Trofymow J.A., Titus B., Litter decomposition affected by climate and litter quality - Testing the Yasso model with litterbag data from the Canadian intersite decomposition experiment, Ecol. Model. 189 (2005) 183-198.
60. Peltoniemi M., Mäkipää R., Liski J., Tamminen P., Changes in soil carbon with stand age - an evaluation of a modeling method with empirical data, Glob. Chang. Biol. 10 (2004) 2078-2091.
61. Starr M., Saarsalmi A., Hokkanen T., Merila P., Helmisaari H.-S., Models of litterfall production for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Finland using stand, site and climate factors, For. Ecol. Manage. 205 (2005) 215-225.
62. Ståhl G., Boström B., Lindkvist H., Lindroth A., Nilsson J., Olsson M., Methodological options for quantifying changes in carbon pools in Swedish forests, Stud. For. Suec. 214 (2004) 1-46.
63. Suni T., Berninger F., Markkanen T., Keronen P., Rannik Ü., Vesala T., Interannual variability and timing of growing-season CO2 exchange in a boreal forest, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (2003) 4265.
64. Tamm C.O., Growth, yield and nutrition in carpets of a forest moss: Hyloconium splendens, Meddelanden från Statens skogsforskningsinstitut 43 (1953) 1-139.
65. Ter-Mikaelian M.T., Korzukhin M.D., Biomass equations for sixty-five North American tree species, For. Ecol. Manage. 97 (1997) 1-24.
66. Tiihonen P., Variation in tree growth in Finland: results from the 6th National Forest Inventory, Folia For. 407 (1979) 1-12.
67. Tomppo E., National forest inventory in Finland and its role in estimating the carbon balance of forests, Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 4 (2000) 241-320.
68. UN-ECE/FAO, The Forest Resources of the ECE region (Europe, the USSR, North America), United Nations, New York and Geneve, 1985.
69. UN-ECE/FAO, The Forest Resources of the Temperate Zones, The UNECE/FAO 1990 Forest Resource Assessment, Volume I, General Forest Resource Information, United Nations, New York and Geneve, 1992.
70. UN-ECE/FAO, Forest Resources of Europe, CIS, North America, Australia, Japan and New Zealand (industrialized temperate/boreal countries), UN-ECE/FAO Contribution to the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000, Main Report, United Nations, New York and Geneve, 2000.
71. UNFCCC, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, http://www.unfccc.de/resource/convkp.html, 1992.
72. UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, http://www.unfccc.de/resource/, 1997.
73. Valentini R., Matteucci G., Dolman A.J., Schulze E.-D., Rebmann C., Moors E.J., Granier A., Gross P., Jensen N.O., Pilegaard K., Lindroth A., Grelle A., Bernhofer C., Grünwald T., Aubinet M., Celeumans R., Kowalski A.S., Vesala T., Rannik Ü., Berbigier P., Loustau D., Guomundsson J., Thorgeirsson H., Ibrom A., Morgenstern K., Clement R., Moncrieff J., Montagnani L., Minerbi S., Jarvis P.G., Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests, Nature 404 (2000) 861-865.
74. Van Camp N., Vande Walle I., Mertens J., De Neve S., Samson R., Lust N., Lemeur R., Boeckx P., Lootens P., Beheydt D., Mestdagh I., Sleutel S., Verbeeck H., Van Cleemput O., Hofman G., Carlier L., Inventory-based carbon stock of Flemish forests: a comparison of European biomass expansion factors, Ann. For. Sci. 61 (2004) 677-682.
75. Vande Wallea I., Van Camp N., Perrinc D., Lemeur R., Verheyen K., Van Wesemael B., Laitat E., Growing stock-based assessment of the carbon stock in the Belgian forest biomass, Ann. For. Sci. 62 (2005) 853-864.
76. Vanninen P., Mäkelä A., Fine root biomass of Scots pine stands differing in age and soil fertility in southern Finland, Tree Phys. 19 (1999) 823-830.
77. Viro P.J., Investigations on forest litter, Comm. Inst. For. Fenn. 45.6 (1955) 1-142.
78. Zianis D., Muukkonen P., Mäkipää R., Mencuccini M., Biomass and stem volume equations for tree species in Europe, Silva Fenn. Monogr. 4 (2005) 1-63.