Modelling the effects of internal heating in the core and lowermost mantle on the earth's magnetic history

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

Volumn 157, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 55-71

  Costin, S O ^a   Butler, S L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Core; Geodynamo; Magnetic field; Mantle; Radioactivity; Thermal history

Indexed keywords

EARTH (PLANET); GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING; MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT; RADIOACTIVITY; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; THERMAL EFFECTS;

CORE; GEODYNAMO; MANTLE; THERMAL HISTORY;

GEOMAGNETISM;

CORE (PLANETARY); CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY; GEODYNAMO; GEOMAGNETIC FIELD; HEAT FLOW; HISTORY; MANTLE STRUCTURE; PALEOMAGNETISM; RADIOACTIVITY; TEMPERATURE EFFECT;

AFRICA; BARBERTON GREENSTONE BELT; KAAPVAAL CRATON; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 33745844786     PISSN: 00319201     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pepi.2006.03.009     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Acuña M.H., Connerney J.E.P., Ness N.F., Lin R.P., Mitchell D., Carlson C.W., McFadden J., Anderson K.A., Reme H., Mazelle C., Vignes D., Wasilewski P., and Cloutier P. Global distribution of crustal magnetization discovered by the Mars Global Surveyor MAG/ER experiment. Science 284 (1999) 790-793
2. Anderson O.L. The power balance at the core-mantle boundary. Phys. Earth Plan. Int. 131 (2002) 1-17
3. Aubert J. Steady zonal flows in spherical shell dynamos. J. Fluid Mech. 542 (2005) 53-67
4. Aurnou J., Andreadis S., Zhu L.X., and Olson P. Experiments on convection in Earth's core tangent cylinder. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 212 (2003) 119-134
5. Badro J., Rueff J.-P., Vank G., Monaco G., Fiquet G., and Guyot F. Electronic Transitions in Perovskite: Possible Nonconvecting Layers in the Lower Mantle. Science 305 (2004) 383-386
6. Boehler R. High-pressure experiments and the phase diagram of mantle and core materials. Rev. Geophys. 38 (2000) 221-245
7. 142Nd Evidence for early (> 4.53 Ga) Global Differentiation of the Sillicate Earth. Science 309 (2005) 576-581
8. Braginsky S.I., and Roberts P.H. Equations governing convection in Earth's core and the geodyanmo. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynam. 79 (1995) 1-97
9. 187Os systematics of the Gorgona Island komatiites: implication for early growth of the inner core. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 206 (2003) 411-426
10. Breuer D., and Spohn T. Viscosity of the Martian mantle and its initial temperature: constraints from crust formation history and the evolution of the magnetic field. Phys. Earth Plan. Int. 52 (2006) 153-169
11. Buffett B.A., Huppert H.E., Lister J.E., and Woods A.W. Analytical model for solidification of the earths core. Nature 356 (1992) 329-331
12. Buffett B.A., Huppert H.E., Lister J.E., and Woods A.W. On the thermal evolution of the Earth's core. J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 7989-8006
13. Buffett B.A. The thermal state of Earth's core. Science 299 (2003) 1675-1677
14. Buffett B.A. Estimates of heat flow in the deep mantle based on the power requirements for the geodynamo. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 12 (2002) 7
15. Butler S.L., and Peltier W.R. On scaling relations in time-dependent mantle convection and the heat transfer constraint on layering. J. Geophys. Res. 105 (2000) 3175-3208
16. Butler S.L., Peltier W.R., and Costin S.O. Numerical models of the Earth's thermal history: effects of inner-core solidification and core potassium. Phys. Earth Plan. Int. 152 (2005) 22-42
17. Chabot N.L., and Drake M.J. Potassium solubility in metal: the effects of composition at 15 kbar and 1900 C on partitioning between iron alloys and silicate melts. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 172 (1999) 323-335
18. Christensen U., and Tilgner A. Power requirements of the geodynamo from ohmic losses in numerical and laboratory dynamos. Nature 429 (2004) 169-171
19. Coltice N., and Ricard Y. Geochemical observations and one layer mantle convection. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174 1-2 (1999) 125-137
20. Costin, S.O., Buffett, B.A., Preferred reversal paths caused by a heterogeneuos conducting layer at the base of the mantle. J. Geophys. Res., 109, Art. No. B06101, 2004.
21. Gessmann C.K., and Wood B.J. Potassium in the Earth's core?. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 200 (2002) 63-78
22. Glatzmaier G.A., Coe R.S., Hongre L., and Roberts P.H. The role of the Earth's mantle in controlling the frequency of geomagnetic reversals. Nature 401 (1999) 885-890
23. Gubbins D., Alfe D., Masters G., Price D.G., and Gillan M.J. Can the Earth's dynamo run on heat alone?. Geophys. J. Int. 155 (2003) 609-622
24. Hale C.J., and Dunlop D.J. Evidence for an early Archean geomagnetic field; A paleomagnetic study of the Komati Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Geophys. Res. Lett. 11 (1984) 97-100
25. Hale C.J. The intensity of the geomagnetic field at 3.5 Ga: paleointensity results from the Komati Fomation, Barberton Mountain land, South Africa. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 86 (1987) 354-364
26. Hart S., and Zindler A. In search of a bulk-earth composition. Chem. Geol. 57 (1986) 247-267
27. Heimpel M.H., Aurnou J.M., Al-Shamali F.M., and Gomez Perez N. A numerical study of dynamo action as a function of spherical shell geometry. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 236 (2005) 542-557
28. Keppler H., and Smyth J.R. Optical and near infrared spectra of ringwoodite to 21.5 GPa: implications for radiative heat transport in the mantle. American Mineralogist 90 (2005) 1209-1212
29. Kuang W., and Chao B.F. Geodymano modelling and core-mantle interactions. In: Dehant V., Creager K.C., Karato S., and Zatman S. (Eds). Earth's Core: Dynamics, Structure, Rotation, AGU Geodymanics Series 31 (2003) 193-212
30. Labrosse S., Poirier J.P., and Le Mouël J.-L. The age of the inner core. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 190 (2001) 111-123
31. Labrosse S., and Macouin M. The inner core and the geodynamo. Compt. Rend. Geosci. 335 (2003) 37-50
32. Labrosse S. Thermal and magnetic evolution of the Earth's core. Phys. Earth Plan. Int. 140 (2003) 127-143
33. Lay T., Williams Q., and Garnero E.J. The core-mantle boundary layer and deep Earth dynamics. Nature 392 (1998) 461-468
34. Lee K., and Jeanloz R. High-pressure alloying of potassium and iron: Radioactivity in the Earth's core?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 23 (2003)
35. Lister J.R. Expressions for the dissipation driven by convection in the Earth's core. Phys. Earth Plan. Int. 140 (2003) 145-158
36. Lister J.R., and Buffett B.A. The strength and efficiency of the thermal and compositional convection in the geodynamo. Phys. Earth Plan. Int. 91 (1995) 17-30
37. Macouin M., Valet J.-P., and Besse J. Long term evolution of the geomagnetic dipole moment. Phys. Earth Plan. Int. 147 (2004) 239-246
38. McDonough W.F. Compositional Model for the Earth's Core. In: Carlson R.W., Holland H.D., and Turekian K.K. (Eds). Treatise on Geochemistry: The Mantle and Core Vol. 2 (2004), Elsevier, Oxford 547-569
39. McElhinny M.W., and Senanayake W.E. Paleomagnetic evidence for the existence of the geomagnetic field 3.5 Ga ago. J. Geophys. Res. 85 (1980) 3523-3528
40. Murthy V.M., van Westrenen W., and Fei Y.W. Experimental evidence that potassium is a substantial radioactive heat source in planetary cores. Nature 423 (2003) 163-165
41. Nakagawa T., and Tackley P.J. Deep mantle heat flow and thermal evolution of the Earth's core in thermochemical multiphase models of the mantle. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 6 (2005)
42. Nimmo F., Price G.D., Brodholt J., and Gubbins D. The influence of potassium on core and geodynamo evolution. Geophys. J. Int. 156 (2004) 363-376
43. Nimmo F. Why does Venus lack a magnetic field?. Geology 30 (2002) 987-990
44. Olson P.L., and Aurnou J.M. A polar vortex in the Earth's core. Nature 402 (1999) 170-173
45. Olson P.L., and Christensen U. The time-averaged magnetic field in numerical dynamos with non-uniform boundary heat flow. Geophys. J. Int. 151 (2002) 809-823
46. Pollack H.N., Hunter S.J., and Johnson J.R. Heat flow from the Earth's interior: analysis of the global data set. Rev. Geophys. 31 (1993) 267-280
47. Prévot M., Derder M.E., McWilliams M., and Thompson J. Intensity of the Earth's magnetic field: evidence for a Mesosoic dipole low. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 97 (1990) 129-139
48. Russell S.A., Lay T., and Garnero E.J. Seismic eveidence for the small-scale dynamics in the lowermost mantle at the root of the Hawaiian spot. Nature 396 (1998) 255-258
49. Smirnov A.V., Tarduño J.A., and Pisaken B.N. Paleointensity of the early geodynamo (2.45 Ga) as recorded in Karelia: a single-crystal approach. Geology 31 (2003) 415-418
50. Solheim L., and Peltier W.R. Avalanche effects in phase transition modulated thermal convection: a model of the Earth's mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 99 (1994) 6997-7018
51. Solheim L., and Peltier W.R. Phase boundary deflections at 660 km depth and episodically layered isochemical convection in the mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 99 (1994) 15861-15875
52. Stacey F.D. Physics of the Earth. third ed. (1992), Brookfield Press, Brisbane, Australia
53. Steinbach V., Yuen D.A., and Zhao W. Instabilities from phase transitions and the timescales of mantle thermal evolution. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20 (1993) 1119-1122
54. Stegman D.R., Jellinek A.M., Zatman S.A., Baumgardner J.R., and Richards M.A. An early lunar core dynamo driven by thermochemical mantle convection. Nature 421 (2003) 143-146
55. Stevenson D.J. Planetary magnetic fields. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 208 (2003) 1-11
56. Stevenson D.J. Styles of mantle convection and their influence on planetary evolution. Compt. Rend. Geosci. 335 (2003) 99-111
57. Stieglitz R., and Müller U. Experimental demonstration of the homogeneous two-scale dynamo. Phys. Fluids 13 (2001) 561-564
58. Tackley P.J., Stevenson D.J., Glatzmaier G.A., and Schubert G. Effects of an endothermic phase transition at 670 km depth in a spherical model of convection in the Earth's mantle. Nature 361 (1993) 699-704
59. Tanaka H., Kono M., and Uchimura H. Some global features of palaeointensity in the geological time. Geophys. J. Int. 120 (1995) 97-102
60. Tolstikhin I., and Hofmann A.W. Early crust on top of the Earth's core. Phys. Earth Plan. Int. 148 (2005) 109-130
61. Tromp J. Inner-core anisotropy and rotation. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 29 (2001) 47-69
62. Williams Q., and Garnero E.J. Seisminc evidence for partial melt at the base of the Earth's mantle. Science 273 (1996) 1528-1530