-
1
-
-
0010576241
-
-
M. H. Acuña et. al., Science 279, 1676 (1998).
-
(1998)
Science
, vol.279
, pp. 1676
-
-
Acuña, M.H.1
-
3
-
-
0344708298
-
-
note
-
The Mars Global Surveyor magnetic field experiment provides fast (up to 32 samples per second) and precise (12-bit) vector measurements of the ambient field over the range of 4 to 65,536 nT per axis. It Includes two fluxgate magnetometers mounted at the outer edge of the articulated solar panels and an electron reftectometer mounted on the spacecraft body that measures the local electron distribution function in the range of ∼1 to 20 KeV to remotely sense the strength of magnetic fields of planetary origin at the top of the martian atmosphere. The observations reported here were acquired by the twin fluxgate magnetometer system.
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
0344708297
-
-
note
-
The measurement error is determined primarily by incomplete knowledge of spacecraft-generated magnetic fields. These are associated with the electrical power system and uncompensated permanent magnets present in amplifiers mounted behind the spacecraft high gain antenna. During the cruise phase, spacecraft maneuvers in a fixed solar panel orientation were used to determine the instrument offsets to an estimated accuracy of 0.5 nT. In the aerobraking orbits, frequent spacecraft reconfigurations and articulations of the solar panels degrade the accuracy of the error estimate yielding the value quoted in the paper. The twin magnetometer configuration is used to identify spacecraft-generated magnetic fields and distinguish them from ambient field changes.
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
84984424208
-
-
J. L Le Mouël, V. Courtillot, J. Ducruix, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 42, 251 (1975); J. Achache, A. Abdtout, J. L. Le Mouël, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 11584 (1987); M. A. Mayhew, ibid. 45, 119 (1975).
-
(1975)
Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc.
, vol.42
, pp. 251
-
-
Le Mouël, J.L.1
Courtillot, V.2
Ducruix, J.3
-
6
-
-
0023470230
-
-
J. L Le Mouël, V. Courtillot, J. Ducruix, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 42, 251 (1975); J. Achache, A. Abdtout, J. L. Le Mouël, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 11584 (1987); M. A. Mayhew, ibid. 45, 119 (1975).
-
(1987)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.92
, pp. 11584
-
-
Achache, J.1
Abdtout, A.2
Le Mouël, J.L.3
-
7
-
-
84984424208
-
-
J. L Le Mouël, V. Courtillot, J. Ducruix, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 42, 251 (1975); J. Achache, A. Abdtout, J. L. Le Mouël, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 11584 (1987); M. A. Mayhew, ibid. 45, 119 (1975).
-
(1975)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.45
, pp. 119
-
-
Mayhew, M.A.1
-
9
-
-
0344708296
-
-
private communication
-
D. E. Smith, private communication (1999).
-
(1999)
-
-
Smith, D.E.1
-
10
-
-
0344276283
-
-
J. H. Shirley and R. W. Fainbridge, Eds. Chapman & Hall, London
-
The crater density shown overlaid with the magnetic field data in Fig. 3 has been adapted from the work of N. Barlow, Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences, J. H. Shirley and R. W. Fainbridge, Eds. (Chapman & Hall, London, 1997), p. 454.
-
(1997)
Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences
, pp. 454
-
-
Barlow, N.1
-
11
-
-
0002835628
-
-
H.H. Kieffer et al., Eds. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson
-
R. O. Pepin and M. H. Carr, in Mars, H.H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1992), pp. 120-143.
-
(1992)
Mars
, pp. 120-143
-
-
Pepin, R.O.1
Carr, M.H.2
-
12
-
-
0344708295
-
-
C. Schubert et al., in (9), pp. 147-183
-
C. Schubert et al., in (9), pp. 147-183; M. Leweling and T. Spohn, Planet. Space Sci. 45, 11, 1389 (1997).
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
0003915350
-
-
C. Schubert et al., in (9), pp. 147-183; M. Leweling and T. Spohn, Planet. Space Sci. 45, 11, 1389 (1997).
-
(1997)
Planet. Space Sci.
, vol.45
, Issue.11
, pp. 1389
-
-
Leweling, M.1
Spohn, T.2
-
14
-
-
0344708294
-
-
note
-
When a ferromagnetic material is heated above its Curie point, it loses all of its remanent magnetism and its ability to retain magnetism. Conversely, when a ferromagnetic material cools below its Curie point in the presence of an ambient magnetic field, it is able to retain a remanent field that provides information about the strength and direction of the original field in which it cooled. This is the process by which the martian crustal magnetic sources were formed.
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
0001189412
-
-
D. E. Wilhelm and S. W. Squyres, Nature 309, 138 (1984); H. V. Frey and R. A. Schultz, Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 229 (1988); G. E. McGill and A. M. Dimitriou, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 12595 (1990).
-
(1984)
Nature
, vol.309
, pp. 138
-
-
Wilhelm, D.E.1
Squyres, S.W.2
-
16
-
-
0023774859
-
-
D. E. Wilhelm and S. W. Squyres, Nature 309, 138 (1984); H. V. Frey and R. A. Schultz, Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 229 (1988); G. E. McGill and A. M. Dimitriou, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 12595 (1990).
-
(1988)
Geophys. Res. Lett.
, vol.15
, pp. 229
-
-
Frey, H.V.1
Schultz, R.A.2
-
17
-
-
0025640237
-
-
D. E. Wilhelm and S. W. Squyres, Nature 309, 138 (1984); H. V. Frey and R. A. Schultz, Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 229 (1988); G. E. McGill and A. M. Dimitriou, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 12595 (1990).
-
(1990)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.95
, pp. 12595
-
-
McGill, G.E.1
Dimitriou, A.M.2
-
18
-
-
0000311988
-
-
H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ
-
J. G. Luhmann et al., in Mars, H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ 1992), pp. 1090-1134.
-
(1992)
Mars
, pp. 1090-1134
-
-
Luhmann, J.G.1
-
21
-
-
0345570336
-
-
J. L. Inge and R. M. Batson, U.S. Geol. Surv. Map 1322 (1982) (available at wwwflag.wr.usgs.gov/USGSFlag/Space/mapbook); E. Young, Mars Atlas (available at cmex.arc.nasa.gov/Atlas96/Atlas96. htm).
-
(1982)
U.S. Geol. Surv. Map 1322
-
-
Inge, J.L.1
Batson, R.M.2
-
22
-
-
0345138808
-
-
J. L. Inge and R. M. Batson, U.S. Geol. Surv. Map 1322 (1982) (available at wwwflag.wr.usgs.gov/USGSFlag/Space/mapbook); E. Young, Mars Atlas (available at cmex.arc.nasa.gov/Atlas96/Atlas96. htm).
-
Mars Atlas
-
-
Young, E.1
-
23
-
-
0345570334
-
-
note
-
We thank the Mars Global Surveyor Project Office and the Mission Operations Team at JPL and Lockheed Martin Astronautics for the extraordinary efforts made to collect magnetic field data at periapsis during the second aerobraking phase. The contributions of D. W. Curtis, M. Kaelberer, D. Brain, F. Perin, and P. Lawton to the processing display and analysis of the magnetic field data are gratefully acknowledged. The research at UC Berkeley was supported by NASA grant NAG-5-959. N.F.N. acknowledges support in part by NASA grant NAG-5-3538.
-
-
-
|