Detection of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in surface water, including recreational areas: A one-year prospective study

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 351-359

  Coupe, Stephane ^a,b,c,f   Delabre, Karine ^d   Pouillot, Regis ^e,g   Houdart, Stephanie ^d   Santillana Hayat, Maud ^a,b   Derouin, Francis ^a,b,d  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^b SAINT LOUIS HOSPITAL   (France)

^c Espace Villa Parc ^*  (France)

^d Veolia Eau Compagnie Generale des Eaux   (France)

^e Healthy Pigs Production and Experimentation Section   (France)

^f IDM Research Laboratory   (France)

^g Institut Pasteur du Cameroun   (Cameroon)

Author keywords

Cryptosporidium; Enterocytozoon bieneusi; Giardia; IMS IF; Quantitative risk assessment (QRA); Surface water

Indexed keywords

SURFACE WATER;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; ENTEROCYTOZOON; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENOTYPE; GIARDIA; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; LAKE; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTOZOON; RECREATION; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; RISK ASSESSMENT; RIVER; SWIMMING; WATER CONTAMINATION;

ANIMALS; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; ENTEROCYTOZOON; FRESH WATER; GIARDIA; GIARDIASIS; HUMANS; MODELS, STATISTICAL; PARIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RECREATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RIVERS;

EID: 33745838662     PISSN: 09288244     EISSN: 1574695X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00098.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Anonymous (2001) Water Quality - Detection and enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts and of Giardia cysts - Concentration and enumeration method. AFNOR norm procedure NF T 90-455. Association Française de Normalisation, Saint-Denis La Plaine, France.
2. Anonymous (1999a) Water Quality - Detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria in surface and waste water - Part 3: miniaturized method (most probable number) by inoculation in liquid medium. AFNOR norm procedure NF EN ISO 9308-3 (1999) for E. coli. Association Française de Normalisation, Saint-Denis La Plaine, France.
3. Anonymous (1999b) . Water Quality - Detection and enumeration of intestinal Enterococci in surface and waste water - Part 1: miniaturized method (most probable number) by inoculation in liquid medium. AFNOR norm procedure NF EN ISO 7899-1 (1999) for enterococci. Association Française de Normalisation, Saint-Denis La Plaine, France.
4. Council of the European Communities. (1976) Council Directive 76/160/EEC of 8 December 1975 concerning the quality of bathing water. Official Journal of the European Communities L 031: 1-7.
5. Council of the European Union. Information note: Amended proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the management of bathing water quality. Brussels, July 16, 2004 (http://www.europarl.eu.int/).
6. Coupe S, Sarfati C, Hamane S & Derouin F (2005) Diagnostic and specific identification of Cryptosporidium species using nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. J Clin Microbiol 43: 1017-1023.
7. Cotte L, Rabodonirina M, Chapuis F, Bailly F, Bissuel F, Raynal C, Gelas P, Persat F, Piens MA & Trepo C (1999) Waterborne outbreak of intestinal microsporidiosis in persons with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 180: 2003-2008.
8. Dalle F, Roz P, Dautin G, et al. (2003) Molecular characterization of isolates of waterborne Cryptosporidium spp. collected during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in South Burgundy, France. J Clin Microbiol 41: 2690-2693.
9. Dang W (1996) The swimmer exposure assessment model (SWIMODEL) and its use in estimating risks of chemical use in swimming pool. EPA internal guidance document. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA.
10. De Roubin MR, Pharamond JS, Zanelli F, Poty F, Houdart S, Laurent F, Drocourt JL &Van Poucke S (2002) Application of laser scanning cytometry followed by epifluorescent and differential interference contrast microscopy for the detection and enumeration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in raw and potable waters 93: 599-607.
11. Dowd SE, Gerba CP & Pepper IL (1998) Confirmation of the human-pathogenic microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and Vittaforma corneae in water. Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 3332-3335.
12. Dowd SE, John D, Eliopolus J, et al. (2003) Confirmed detection of Cyclospora cayetanesis, Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum in water used for drinking. Water Health 1: 117-123.
13. DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Okhuysen PC, Rose JB & Jakubowski W (1995) The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. New Engl J Med 332: 855-859.
14. Fayer R (2004) Cryptosporidium: a water-borne zoonotic parasite. Vet Parasitol 126: 37-56.
15. Fournier S, Liguory O, Santillana-Hayat M, Guillot E, Sarfati C, Dumoutier N, Molina J & Derouin F (2000) Detection of microsporidia in surface water: a one-year follow-up study. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 29: 95-100.
16. Furtado C, Adak GK, Stuart JM, Wall PG, Evans HS & Casemore DP (1998) Outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales, 1992-5. Epidemiol Infect 121: 109-119.
17. Harwood VJ, Levine AD, Scott TM, Chivukula V, Lukasik J, Farrah SR & Rose JB (2005) Validity of the indicator paradigm for waterborne pathogen reduction in reclaimed water and public health protection. Appl Environ Microbiol 71: 3163-3170.
18. Hutin YJ, Sombardier MN, Liguory O, Sarfati C, Derouin F, Modai J & Molina JM (1998) Risk factors for intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case-control study. J Infect Dis 178: 904-907.
19. Jellison KL, Hemond HF & Schauer DB (2002) Sources and species of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir watershed. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 569-575.
20. Kaplan JE, Masur H & Holmes KKUSPHS; Infectious Disease Society of America. (2002) Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons - 2002. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep 14: 51 (RR-8):1-52. Atlanta, USA.
21. Kramer MH, Sorhage FE, Goldstein ST, Dalley E, Wahlquist SP & Herwaldt BL (1998) First reported outbreak in the United States of cryptosporidiosis associated with a recreational lake. Clin Infect Dis 26: 27-33.
22. Liguory O, David F, Sarfati C, Schuitema AR, Hartskeerl RA, Derouin F, Modai J & Molina JM (1997) Diagnosis of infections caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis using polymerase chain reaction in stool specimens. AIDS 11: 723-726.
23. MacKenzie WR, et al. (1994) A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med 331: 161-167.
24. Mathieu E, et al. (2004) Epidemiologic and environmental investigation of a recreational water outbreak caused by two genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in Ohio in 2000. 71: 582-589.
25. Miegeville M, Koubi V, Dan LC, Barbier JP & Cam PD (2003) Cyclospora cayetanensis et sa présence en milieu hydrique à Hanoï (Vietnam). Etude dans l'environnement (eaux de forage, lacs et rivières). Bull Soc Pathol Exot 96: 149-152.
26. Pouillot R, Beaudeau P, Denis JB & Derouin FAFSSA Cryptosporidium Study Group. (2004) A quantitative risk assessment of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in France using second-order Monte Carlo simulation. Risk Anal 24: 1-17.
27. Rendtorff RC (1954) The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites. 1. Giardia lamblia cysts given in capsules. Am J hyg 59: 209.
28. Rose JB, Haas CN & Regli S (1991) Risk assessment and control of waterborne giardiasis. Am J Public Health 81: 709-713.
29. Roy SL, et al. (2004) Risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis among immunocompetent persons in the United States from 1999 to 2001. J Clin Microbiol 42: 2944-2951.
30. Sparfel JM, Sarfati C, Liguory O, et al. (1997) Detection of microsporidia and identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in surface water by filtration followed by specific PCR. 44: 78S.
31. Stuart JM, Orr HJ, Warburton FG, Jeyakanth S, Pugh C, Morris I, Sarangi J & Nichols G (2003) Risk factors for sporadic giardiasis: a case-control study in southwestern England. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 229-233.
32. Teunis PFM, Medema GJ, Kruidenier L & Havelaar AH (1997) Assessment of the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium or Giardia in drinking water from a surface water source. Water Res 31: 1333-1346.
33. Vilaginès PH, Sarrette B, Pezzana A, Le Guyader M, Cun C & Vilaginès R (1996) Waterborne parasites and viruses still waiting for reliable indicators. Biotechnology for Water Use and Conservation. The Mexico 1996 workshop. OECD documents, 157-171.
34. Vose DJ (1998) The application of quantitative risk assessment to microbial food safety. J Food Prot 61: 640-648.
35. Yoder JS, Blackburn BG, Craun GF, Hill V, Levy DA, Chen N, Lee SH, Calderon RL & Beach MJ (2004) Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks associated with recreational water - United States, 2001-2002. MMWR Surveill Summ 22. 53: 1-22.