Hyperplasias of the Endometrium

Gynecologic Cancer: Controversies in Management

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 249-257

  Wells, Michael ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b SHEFFIELD TEACHING HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745666829     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-07142-3.50022-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (49)

1. RJ Zaino (2003) Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. H Fox, M Wells (Eds) Haines and Taylor Obstetrical and Gynaecological Pathology 5th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone 443-495.
2. KM Feeley and M Wells (2001) Advances in endometrial pathology. DG Lowe, JCE Underwood (Eds) Recent Advances in Histopathology Vol. 19 New York: Churchill Livingstone 17-34.
3. E Sivridis, H Fox and CH Buckley (1998) Endometrial carcinoma: Two or three entities? Int J Gynecol Cancer 8 183-188.
4. X Matias-Guiu, L Catasus, A Garcia, et al. (2001) Molecular pathology of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Hum Pathol 32 569-577.
5. CH Buckley (2003) Normal endometrium and non-proliferative conditions of the endometrium. H Fox, M Wells (Eds) Haines and Taylor Obstetrical and Gynaecological Pathology 5th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone 391-441.
6. JL Burton and M Wells (2002) The effect of phytoestrogens on the female genital tract. J Clin Pathol 55 401-407.
7. R Kurman, P Kaminski and H Norris (1985) The behaviour of endometrial hyperplasia: A long term study of “untreated” hyperplasia in 170 patients. Cancer 56 403-412.
8. GL Mutter, the Endometrial Collaborative Group (2000) Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia (EIN): Will it bring order to chaos? Gynecol Oncol 76 287-290.
9. RA Ambros, ME Sherman, CM Zahn, et al. (1995) Endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma: A distinctive lesion specifically associated with tumours displaying serous differentiation. Hum Pathol 26 1260-1267.
10. C Bergeron, FF Nogales, M Masseroli, et al. (1999) A multicentric European study testing the reproducibility of the WHO classification of endometrial hyperplasia with a proposal of a simplified working classification for biopsy and curettage specimens. Am J Surg Pathol 23 1102-1108.
11. JPA Baak, J Nauta, E Wisse-Brekelmans and P Bezemer (1988) Architectural and nuclear morphometrical features together are more important prognosticators in endometrial hyperplasias than nuclear morphometrical features alone. J Pathol 54 335-341.
12. JPA Baak (1995) The role of computerized and cytometric feature analysis in endometrial hyperplasia and cancer prognosis. J Cell Biochem 59(Suppl 23), 137-146.
13. C Dunton, J Baak, J Palazzo, et al. (1996) Use of computerized morphometric analyses of endometrial hyperplasias in the prediction of coexistent cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 174 1518-1521.
14. GL Mutter, JPA Baak, CP Crum, et al. (2000) Endometrial precancer diagnosis by histopathology, clonal analysis and computerized morphometry. J Pathol 190 462-469.
15. AS Jovanovic, KA Boynton and GL Mutter (1996) Uteri of women with endometrial carcinoma contain a histopathological spectrum of monoclonal putative precancers, some with microsatellite instability. Cancer Res 56 1917-1921.
16. GL Mutter, KA Boynton, WC Faquin, et al. (1996) Allelotype mapping of unstable microsatellites establishes direct lineage continuity between endometrial precancers and cancer. Cancer Res 56 4483-4486.
17. DW Sturdee, LG Ulrich, DH Barlow, et al. (2000) The endometrial response to sequential and continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 107 1392-1400.
18. M Wells, DW Sturdee, DH Barlow, et al., for the UK Continuous Combined HRT Study Investigators (2002) Effect on endometrium of long term treatment with continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy: Follow up study. BMJ 325 239-242. Full text available at: http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/325/7358/239
19. DF Archer (2002) Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy and endometrial hyperplasia [editorial]. BMJ 325 231-232. See also
20. H Jimbo, Y Hitomi, H Yoshikawa, et al. (1997) Evidence for monoclonal expansion of epithelial cells in ovarian endometrial (sic) cysts. Am J Pathol 150 1173-1178.
21. M Tamura, T Fukaya, T Murakami, et al. (1998) Analysis of clonality in human endometriotic cysts based on evaluation of X chromosome inactivation in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. Lab Invest 78 213-218.
22. M Fukunaga, K Nomura, E Ishikawa and S Ushigome (1997) Ovarian atypical endometriosis: Its close association with malignant epithelial tumours. Histopathology 30 249-255.
23. S Ogawa, T Kaku, S Amada, et al. (2000) Ovarian endometriosis associated with ovarian carcinoma: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. Gynecol Oncol 77 298-304.
24. GL Mutter (2002) Diagnosis of premalignant endometrial disease. J Clin Pathol 55 326-331.
25. RL Levine, CB Cargile, MS Blazes, et al. (1998) PTEN mutations and microsatellite instability in complex atypical hyperplasia: A precursor lesion to uterine endometrioid carcinoma. Cancer Res 58 3254-3258.
26. GL Maxwell, JI Risinger, C Gumbs, et al. (1998) Mutation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in endometrial hyperplasias. Cancer Res 58 2500-2503.
27. M Esteller, L Catasus, X Matias-Guiu, et al. (1999) hMLH1 Promoter hypermethylation is an early event in human endometrial tumorigenesis. Am J Pathol 155 1767-1772.
28. M Janicek and N Rosenshein (1994) Invasive endometrial cancer in uteri resected for atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Gynecol Oncol 52 373-378.
29. DF Archer, K McIntyre-Seltman, WW Wilborn, et al. (1991) Endometrial morphology in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165 317-322.
30. MO Korhonen, JP Symons, BM Hyde, et al. (1997) Histologic classification and pathologic findings for endometrial biopsy specimens obtained from 2964 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women undergoing treatment for continuous hormones as replacement therapy (CHART2 Study). Am J Obstet Gynecol 176 377-380.
31. V Beral, E Banks, G Reeves and P Appleby (1999) Use of HRT and the subsequent risk of cancer. J Epidemiol Biostat 4 191-210.
32. GL Rubin, HB Peterson, NC Lee, et al. (1990) Estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of endometrial cancer: Remaining controversies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162 148-154.
33. LA Brinton and RN Hoover the Endometrial Cancer Collaborative Group (1993) Estrogen replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: Unresolved issues. Obstet Gynecol 81 265-271.
34. D Grady, T Gebrestsadik, K Kerlikowske, et al. (1995) Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 85 304-313.
35. F Levi, C La Vecchia, C Gulie, et al. (1993) Oestrogen replacement treatment and the risk of endometrial cancer: An assessment of the role of covariates. Eur J Cancer 29A 1445-1449.
36. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial (1996) 1996: Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. JAMA 275 370-375.
37. LF Voight, NS Weiss, J Chu, et al. (1991) Progestagen supplementation of exogenous oestrogens and risk of endometrial cancer. Lancet 338 274-277.
38. SAA Beresford, NS Weiss, LF Voight and B McKnight (1997) Risk of endometrial cancer in relation to oestrogen combined with cyclic progestagen therapy in postmenopausal women. Lancet 349 458-461.
39. E Weiderpass, HO Adami, JA Baron, et al. (1999) Risk of endometrial cancer following estrogen replacement with and without progestins. J Natl Cancer Inst 91 1131-1137.
40. MC Pike, RK Peters, W Cozen, et al. (1997) Estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and endometrial cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 89 1110-1116.
41. JD Woodruff, JH Pickar and for the Menopause Study Group (1994) Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking conjugated estrogens (Premarin) with medroxy-progesterone acetate or conjugated estrogens alone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170 1213-1223.
42. DW Sturdee, DH Barlow, LG Ulrich, et al. (1994) Is the timing of withdrawal bleeding a guide to endometrial safety during sequential oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy? Lancet 344 979-982.
43. K Bjarnason, A Cerin, R Lindgren and T Weber (1999) Adverse endometrial effects during long cycle hormone replacement therapy. Scandinavian Long Cycle Study Group. Maturitas 32 161-170.
44. SL Nand, MA Webster, R Baber, V O'Conner and for the Ogen/Provera Study Group (1998) Bleeding pattern and endometrial changes during continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Obstet Gynecol 91 678-684.
45. A Ferenczy and M Gelfand (1989) The biologic significance of cytologic atypia in progestogen-treated endometrial hyperplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160 126-131.
46. FJ Montz, RE Bristow, A Bovicelli, et al. (2002) Intrauterine progesterone treatment of early endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186 651-657.
47. DJ Fothergill, VA Brown and AS Hill (1992) Histological sampling of the endometrium: Comparison between formal curettage and the Pipelle sampler. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 99 779-780.
48. T Batool, PW Reginald and JH Hughes (1994) Outpatient Pipelle endometrial biopsy in the investigation of post-menopausal bleeding. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 101 545-546.
49. K Piegsa, A Calder, JA Davis, et al. (1997) Endometrial status in postmenopausal women on long-term continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (Kliofem): A comparative study of endometrial biopsy, outpatient hysteroscopy and transvaginal ultrasound. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 72 175-180.