Commentary: Reserve management during transition: The case of Issyk-Kul Biosphere and Nature Reserves, Kyrgyzstan

Environmental Practice

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 11-23

  Ter Ghazaryan, Diana ^a   Heinen, Joel T ^a  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745640478     PISSN: 14660466     EISSN: 14660474     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1466046606060017     Document Type: Note

References (58)

1. Abazov, R. 1999. Policy of Economic Transition in Kyrgyzstan. Central Asian Survey 18:197-223.
2. Alymbaeva, J. 2003. Personal communication. Office Manager, "Promoting the Issyk-Kul Biosphere Reserve" Project Office, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. June 10.
3. Balbakova, F. Undated. Concise Information on the State Nature Reserves of the Kyrgyz Republic. Ministry of Nature Protection, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 2 pp.
4. Bannikov, A. G., ed. 1969. The Zapovedniki of the Soviet Union. Kolos, Moscow, 552 pp.
5. Baryktabasov, E. 2003. Personal communication. Deputy Director for Science, Issyk-Kul Biosphere Reserve Directorate, Balykchy, Kyrgyzstan. July 3.
6. Bektemirov, A. 2003. Personal communication. Director of the Sector of Biodiversity Conservation and Specially Protected Natural Territories, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. June 9 and June 13.
7. Braden, K. 1995. Kyrgyzstan. In Environmental Resources and Constraints in the Former Soviet Republics, P. R. Pryde, ed. Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO, 307-325.
8. Central Intelligence Agency. 2006. The World Factbook 2006: Kyrgyzstan. Accessed January 20, 2006.
9. Dyikanova, C. 1999. Protected Natural Areas of the Kyrgyz Republic. Unpublished report. Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 30 pp.
10. Dyikanova, C. 2003. Personal communication. Director, Community Business Forum NGO, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. June 23.
11. Filonov, K., and Y. Nukhimovskaya. 1985. Chronicles of Nature in the Zapovedniki of USSR: Methodical Handbook. Nauka, Moscow, 142 pp.
12. Foster, N., and K. Thompson. 2003. Ecotourism Development and Government Policy in Kyrgyzstan. In Ecotourism Policy and Planning, R. K. Dowling and D. A. Fennell, eds. CABI Publishing, London, 169-186.
13. German Agency for Technical Cooperation. 1998. Guidelines for an Environmentally Sound Development Planning in the Area of the Future Biosphere Reserve Issyk-Kul. German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 25 pp.
14. German Agency for Technical Cooperation. 2002. Kyrgyzstan: Issyk-Kul Biosphere Reserve. German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 13 pp.
15. Giralt, S., J. Klerkx, S. Riera, R. Julia, V. Lignier, C. Beck, M. De Batist, and I. Kalugin. 2002. Recent Paleoenvironmental Evolution of Lake Issyk-Kul. In Lake Issyk-Kul: Its Natural Environment, B. Imanackunov and J. Klerkx, eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dodrecht, Netherlands, 125-145.
16. Global Environmental Facility. 2003. Small Grants Programme. Kyrgyzstan Project Office, http://gef.undp.kg. Accessed January 20, 2006.
17. Gottfried, R. 1983. The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe. The Free Press, New York, 203 pp.
18. Heinen, J., and S. Rayamajhi. 2001. On the Use of Goal-Oriented Project Planning for Protected Area Management in Nepal. Environmental Practice 3:227-236.
19. Heinen, J., E. Shukurov, and C. Sadykova. 2001. Legislative and Policy Initiatives in Biodiversity Conservation in Kyrgyzstan. Post-Soviet Geography and Economics 42:519-543.
20. Heinen, J., and R. Vande Kopple. 2003. Profile of a Biosphere Reserve: The University of Michigan Biological Station, USA, and Its Conformity to the Man and Biosphere Program. Natural Areas Journal 23(2):165-173.
21. Hollenhorst, S., and D. Ostergren. 2000. The Russian Chronicles of Nature (Letopis Prirody): Is This a Model for a Chronicle of Wilderness? International Journal of Wilderness 6(1):S28-34.
22. Imanackunov, B., and J. Klerkx, eds. 2002. Lake Issyk-Kuk: Its Natural Environment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dodrecht, Netherlands, 286 pp.
23. International Union for the Conservation of Nature [World Conservation Union] Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas. 1994. Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK, 261 pp.
24. Issyk-Kul Nature Reserve. 1986. Annual Report for the Year of 1986. Anan'evo, Kyrgyzstan, 35 pp.
25. Issyk-Kul Nature Reserve. 1999. Annual Report for the Year of 1999. Anan'evo, Kyrgyzstan, 40 pp.
26. Issyk-Kul Nature Reserve. 2000. Annual Report for the Year of 2000, Submitted to the Ministry of Ecology and Emergency Situations of the Kyrgyz Republic. Anan'evo, Kyrgyzstan, 23 pp.
27. Issyk-Kul Nature Reserve. 2001. Annual Report for the Year of 2001, Submitted to the Ministry of Ecology and Emergency Situations of the Kyrgyz Republic. Anan'evo, Kyrgyzstan, 47 pp.
28. Issyk-Kul Nature Reserve. 2002. Annual Report for the Year of 2002, Submitted to the State Forest Service of the Kyrgyz Republic. Anan'evo, Kyrgyzstan, 24 pp.
29. Issyk-Kul Nature Reserve. Undated. Informational Report. Anan'evo, Kyrgyzstan, 27 pp.
30. Knystautas, A. 1987. The Natural History of the USSR. McGraw-Hill, New York, 224 pp.
31. Koester, V. 1989. The Ramsar Convention on the Conservation of Wetlands. A Legal Analysis of the Adoption and Implementation of the Convention in Denmark. IUCN, Copenhagen, 105 pp.
32. Komarov, B. 1980. The Destruction of Nature in the Soviet Union. M. E. Sharpe, Inc., White Plains, NY, 150 pp.
33. Kulagin, V. 1989a. Incubation of Eggs and Raising of Young Mountain Geese. In Ecological Aspects of Studying, Practical Use and Protection of Birds in Mountain Ecosystems, M. M. Tokobaev, ed. Ilim, Frunze, Kyrgyzstan.
34. Kulagin, V. 1989b. The Contemporary Condition of Populations of Main Commercially Hunted Bird Species in the Issyk-Kul Basin. In Ecological Aspects of Studying, Practical Use and Protection of Birds in Mountain Ecosystems, M. M. Tokobaev, ed. Ilim, Frunze, Kyrgyzstan.
35. Kulagin, V. 2003. Personal communication. Former Deputy Director of Issyk-Kul Nature Reserve, Anan'evo, Kyrgyzstan. July 4.
36. Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on Specially Protected Natural Territories. 1994. Jogorku Kenesh, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 7 pp.
37. Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on Biosphere Reserves. 1999. Jogorku Kenesh, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 5 pp.
38. Mambetkulova, C. 2003. Personal communication. Legal Team Member, Global Environmental Facility Central Asia Transboundary Biodiversity Project, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. June 24.
39. Markin, V. 1973. Above the Blue Issyk-Kul. Mysl, Moscow, 119 pp.
40. Mineral Resources Forum. 2003. Kumtor Mine. Cyanide Spill from Haulage Truck, Kyrgyzstan. http://www.natural-resources.org/minerals. Accessed December, 2003.
41. Pryde, P. 1972. Conservation in the Soviet Union. Cambridge University Press, New York, 301 pp.
42. Pryde, P. 1991. Environmental Management in the Soviet Union. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 314 pp.
43. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. 2004. http://www.ramsar.org. Accessed February 20, 2004.
44. Shabunin, A. G., and G. D. Shabunin. 2002. Climate and Physical Properties of Water in Lake Issyk-Kul. In Lake Issyk-Kul: Its Natural Environment, B. Imanackunov and J. Klerkx, eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dodrecht, Netherlands, 3-11.
45. Shakiralieva, G. 2003. Personal communication. Global Environmental Facility Central Asia Transboundary Biodiversity Project, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. June 24.
46. Shine, C., and C. de Klemm. 1999. Wetlands, Water and the Law. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, Cambridge, UK, and Bonn, Germany, 332 pp.
47. Sokolov, V. E., and E. E. Syroechkovskiy, eds. 1990. Strict Nature Reserves of USSR: Strict Nature Reserves of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Mysl, Moscow, 398 pp.
48. Surappaeva, V. 2003. Personal communication. Scientific Advisor, Sector of Biodiversity Conservation and Specially Protected Natural Territories, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. June 9.
49. Ter-Ghazaryan, K. 2004. Personal communication. Former Deputy Director of ArmForest, Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia. August 25.
50. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 2004. The MAB Programme. http://www.unesco.org/mab/index.shtml. Accessed January 16, 2004.
51. Vereshagin, A. 2003. Personal communication. Deputy Director, Sarychat-Ertash Nature Reserve, Karakol, Kyrgyzstan. July 17.
52. Weiner, D. 2000. Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, 324 pp.
53. Wolfson, Z. 1994. The Geography of Survival: Ecology In the Post-Soviet Era. M. E. Sharpe, Inc., New York, 160 pp.
54. World Bank. 2006. Conserving Bhutan's Natural Heritage through a Trust Fund. http://www.biodiversityasia.org/bhutan.htm. Accessed January 21, 2006.
55. World Commission on Protected Areas. 2004. About Protected Areas. http://www.iucn.org/themes/wcpa. Accessed March 25, 2004.
56. World Heritage Convention. 2006. World Heritage. http://whc.unesco.org. Accessed March 24, 2004.
57. Yakovlev, A. 2003. Personal communication. Deputy Director for Science, Issyk-Kul Nature Reserve, Anan'evo, Kyrgyzstan. July 5.
58. Ziegler, C. 1987. Environmental Policy in the USSR. The University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 195 pp.