Identification and treatment of aggressive thyroid cancers: Part 1: Subtypes

ONCOLOGY

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 253-260

  Sturgeon, Cord ^a,b   Angelos, Peter ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CISPLATIN; DOXORUBICIN; GEMCITABINE; LIOTHYRONINE; PACLITAXEL; RADIOACTIVE IODINE; THYROGLOBULIN; THYROTROPIN RECEPTOR; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; DEOXYCYTIDINE; DRUG DERIVATIVE;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RISK; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER THERAPY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; METASTASIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; THYROID CANCER; THYROIDECTOMY; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR DIFFERENTIATION; TUMOR RECURRENCE; RISK FACTOR; THYROID TUMOR;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CISPLATIN; DEOXYCYTIDINE; DOXORUBICIN; HUMANS; PACLITAXEL; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; THYROID NEOPLASMS;

EID: 33745634170     PISSN: 08909091     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, et al: Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin 55:10-30, 2005.
2. Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, et al: A National Cancer Data Base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S., 1985-1995. Cancer 83:2638-2648, 1998.
3. Schlumberger MJ: Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med 338:297-306, 1998.
4. Wells SA, Jr, Franz C: Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. World J Surg 24:952-956, 2000.
5. Saad MF, Ordonez NG, Rashid RK, et al: Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. A study of the clinical features and prognostic factors in 161 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 63:319-342, 1984.
6. Wells SA, Jr, Chi DD, Toshima K, et al: Predictive DNA testing and prophylactic thyroidectomy in patients at risk for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Ann Surg 220:237-247; discussion 247-250, 1994.
7. Mulligan LM, Kwok JB, Healey CS, et al: Germ-line mutations of the RET protooncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Nature 363:458-460, 1993.
8. Donis-Keller H, Dou S, Chi D, et al: Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with MEN 2A and FMTC. Hum Mol Genet 2:851-856, 1993.
9. Mulligan LM, Eng C, Healey CS, et al: Specific mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are related to disease phenotype in MEN 2A and FMTC. Nat Genet 6:70-74, 1994.
10. Machens A, Gimm O, Hinze R, et al: Genotype-phenotype correlations in hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma: Oncological features and biochemical properties. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:1104-1109, 2001.
11. Pacini F, Romei C, Miccoli P, et al: Early treatment of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma after attribution of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 gene carrier status by screening for ret gene mutations. Surgery 118:1031-1035, 1995.
12. Learoyd DL, Messina M, Zedenius J, et al: Molecular genetics of thyroid tumors and surgical decision-making. World J Surg 24:923-933, 2000.
13. Moley JF: Medullary thyroid carcinoma, in Clark OH, Noguchi S (eds): Thyroid Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment, pp 279-308. St. Louis, Quality Medical Publishing, 2000.
14. Dralle H, Gimm O, Machens A: Sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma, in Doherty G, Skogseid B (eds): Surgical Endocrinology, pp 109-126. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.
15. Goldgar DE, Easton DF, Cannon-Albright LA, et al: Systematic population-based assessment of cancer risk in first-degree relatives of cancer probands. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:1600-1608, 1994.
16. Grossman RF, Tu SH, Duh QY, et al: Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer. An emerging entity that warrants aggressive treatment. Arch Surg 130:892-897; discussion 898-899, 1995.
17. Loh KC: Familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma: A meta-review of case series. Thyroid 7:107-113, 1997.
18. Pal T, Vogl FD, Chappuis PO, et al: Increased risk for nonmedullary thyroid cancer in the first degree relatives of prevalent cases of nonmedullary thyroid cancer: A hospital-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:5307-5312, 2001.
19. DeGroot LJ: Clinical review 2: Diagnostic approach and management of patients exposed to irradiation to the thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 69:925-928, 1989.
20. Nikiforov Y, Gnepp DR: Pediatric thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl disaster. Pathomorphologic study of 84 cases (1991-1992) from the Republic of Belarus. Cancer 74:748-766, 1994.
21. Williams ED, Doniach I, Bjarnason O, et al: Thyroid cancer in an iodide rich area: A histopathological study. Cancer 39:215-222, 1977.
22. Clark OH: Papillary thyroid carcinoma: Rationale for total thyroidectomy, in Clark OH, Duh QY, Kebebew E (eds): Textbook of Endocrine Surgery, 2nd ed, pp 110-114. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders, 2005.
23. Russell WO, Ibanez ML, Clark RL, et al: Thyroid carcinoma. Classification, intraglandular dissemination, and clinicopathological study based upon whole organ sections of 80 glands. Cancer 16:1425-1460, 1963.
24. Yutan E, Clark OH: Hurthle cell carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2:331-335, 2001.
25. Katoh R, Sasaki J, Kurihara H, et al: Multiple thyroid involvement (intraglandular metastasis) in papillary thyroid carcinoma. A clinicopathologic study of 105 consecutive patients. Cancer 70:1585-1590, 1992.
26. Carcangiu ML, Zampi G, Pupi A, et al: Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic study of 241 cases treated at the University of Florence, Italy. Cancer 55:805-828, 1985.
27. Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM: Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Am J Med 97:418-428, 1994.
28. Tsang RW, Brierley JD, Simpson WJ, et al: The effects of surgery, radioiodine, and external radiation therapy on the clinical outcome of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 82:375-388, 1998.
29. DeGroot LJ, Kaplan EL, Straus FH, et al: Does the method of management of papillary thyroid carcinoma make a difference in outcome? World J Surg 18:123-130, 1994.
30. Mazzaferri EL: Thyroid remnant 131I ablation for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 7:265-271, 1997.
31. Taylor T, Specker B, Robbins J, et al: Outcome after treatment of high-risk papillary and non-Hürthle-cell follicular thyroid carcinoma. Ann Intern Med 129:622-627, 1998.
32. Woodrum DT, Gauger PG: Role of 131I in the treatment of well differentiated thyroid cancer. J Surg Oncol 89:114-121, 2005.
33. Sherman SI, Daniels GH, Kloos RT, et al: NCCN 1.2005 Thyroid Carcinoma Practice Guidelines in Oncology. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/ physician_gls/PDF/thyroid.pdf. National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc, 2005. Last accessed February 2, 2006.
34. Pujol P, Daures JP, Nsakala N, et al: Degree of thyrotropin suppression as a prognostic determinant in differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:4318-4323, 1996.
35. Mazzaferri EL, Massoll N: Management of papillary and follicular (differentiated) thyroid cancer: New paradigms using recombinant human thyrotropin. Endocr Relat Cancer 9:227-247, 2002.
36. McGriff NJ, Csako G, Gourgiotis L, et al: Effects of thyroid hormone suppression therapy on adverse clinical outcomes in thyroid cancer. Ann Med 34:554-564, 2002.
37. Sturgeon C, Clark OH: Differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules: When to operate. Contemp Surg 60:210-216, 2004.
38. Hay ID, Thompson GB, Grant CS, et al: Papillary thyroid carcinoma managed at the Mayo Clinic during six decades (1940-1999): Temporal trends in initial therapy and long-term outcome in 2444 consecutively treated patients. World J Surg 26:879-885, 2002.
39. Akslen LA, Haldorsen T, Thoresen SO, et al: Survival and causes of death in thyroid cancer: A population-based study of 2479 cases from Norway. Cancer Res 51:1234-1241, 1991.
40. Hoie J, Stenwig AE: Long-term survival in patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma. The Oslo experience: Variations with encapsulation, growth pattern, time of diagnosis, sex, age, and previous thyroid surgery. J Surg Oncol 49:226-230, 1992.
41. Pasieka JL: Anaplastic thyroid cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 15:78-83, 2003.
42. Birkmeyer JD, Stukel TA, Siewers AE, et al: Surgeon volume and operative mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med 349:2117-2127, 2003.
43. Sosa JA, Bowman HM, Tielsch JM, et al: The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy. Ann Surg 228:320-330, 1998.
44. Kumar H, Daykin J, Holder R, et al: An audit of management of differentiated thyroid cancer in specialist and non-specialist clinic settings. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 54:719-723, 2001.
45. Sywak M, Pasieka JL, Ogilvie T: A review of thyroid cancer with intermediate differentiation. J Surg Oncol 86:44-54, 2004.
46. Muzaffar M, Nigar E, Mushtaq S, et al: The morphological variants of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: A clinico-pathological study - AFIP experience. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. J Pak Med Assoc 48:133-137, 1998.
47. Johnson TL, Lloyd RV, Thompson NW, et al: Prognostic implications of the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 12:22-27, 1988.
48. Filie AC, Chiesa A, Bryant BR, et al: The Tall cell variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: Cytologic features and loss of heterozygosity of metastatic and/or recurrent neoplasms and primary neoplasms. Cancer 87:238-242, 1999.
49. Basolo F, Giannini R, Monaco C, et al: Potent mitogenicity of the RET/PTC3 oncogene correlates with its prevalence in tall-cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Pathol 160:247-254, 2002.
50. Jayaram G: Cytology of columnar-cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 22:227-229, 2000.
51. Yunta PJ, Ponce JL, Prieto M, et al: The importance of a tumor capsule in columnar cell thyroid carcinoma: A report of two cases and review of the literature. Thyroid 9:815-819, 1999.
52. Tronko MD, Bogdanova TI, Komissarenko IV, et al: Thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents in Ukraine after the Chernobyl nuclear accident: statistical data and clinicomorphologic characteristics. Cancer 86:149-156, 1999.
53. Mizukami Y, Noguchi M, Michigishi T, et al: Papillary thyroid carcinoma in Kanazawa, Japan: Prognostic significance of histological subtypes. Histopathology 20:243-250, 1992.
54. Braga-Basaria M, Ringel MD: Clinical review 158: Beyond radioiodine: A review of potential new therapeutic approaches for thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1947-1960, 2003.
55. Goretzki PE, Simon D, Frilling A, et al: Surgical reintervention for differentiated thyroid cancer. Br J Surg 80:1009-1012, 1993.
56. Kushchayeva Y, Duh QY, Kebebew E, et al: Prognostic indications for Hurthle cell cancer. World J Surg 28:1266-1270, 2004.
57. Chen H, Udelsman R: Hurthle cell adenoma and carcinoma, in Clark OH, Duh QY, Kebebew E (eds): Textbook of Endocrine Surgery, 2nd ed, pp 123-128. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders, 2005.
58. Pilotti S, Collini P, Mariani L, et al: Insular carcinoma: A distinct de novo entity among follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland. Am J Surg Pathol 21:1466-1473, 1997.
59. Flynn SD, Forman BH, Stewart AF, et al: Poorly differentiated ("insular") carcinoma of the thyroid gland: An aggressive subset of differentiated thyroid neoplasms. Surgery 104:963-970, 1988.
60. Justin EP, Seabold JE, Robinson RA, et al: Insular carcinoma: A distinct thyroid carcinoma with associated iodine-131 localization. J Nucl Med 32:1358-1363, 1991.
61. McIver B, Hay ID, Giuffrida DF, et al: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A 50-year experience at a single institution. Surgery 130:1028-1034, 2001.
62. Haigh PI, Ituarte PH, Wu HS, et al: Completely resected anaplastic thyroid carcinoma combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and irradiation is associated with prolonged survival. Cancer 91:2335-2342, 2001.
63. Ain KB: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A therapeutic challenge. Semin Surg Oncol 16:64-69, 1999.
64. Ain KB: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Behavior, biology, and therapeutic approaches. Thyroid 8:715-726, 1998.
65. Venkatesh YS, Ordonez NG, Schultz PN, et al: Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic study of 121 cases. Cancer 66:321-330, 1990.
66. Sugino K, Ito K, Mimura T, et al: The important role of operations in the management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 131:245-248, 2002.
67. Asa SL and Bedard YC: Fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology, in Clark OH, Noguchi S (eds): Thyroid Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment, pp 105-126. St. Louis, Quality Medical Publishing, 2000.
68. Besic N, Auersperg M, Us-Krasovec M, et al: Effect of primary treatment on survival in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 27:260-264, 2001.
69. Tennvall J, Lundell G, Hallquist A, et al: Combined doxorubicin, hyperfractionated radiotherapy, and surgery in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Report on two protocols. The Swedish Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Group. Cancer 74:1348-1354, 1994.
70. Nilsson O, Lindeberg J, Zedenius J, et al: Anaplastic giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Treatment and survival over a 25-year period. World J Surg 22:725-730, 1998.
71. Ain KB, Egorin MJ, DeSimone PA: Treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with paclitaxel: Phase 2 trial using ninety-six-hour infusion. Collaborative Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Health Intervention Trials (CATCHIT) Group. Thyroid 10:587-594, 2000.
72. Haddad R, Mahadevan A, Posner MR, et al: Long term survival with adjuvant carboplatin, paclitaxel, and radiation therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 28:104, 2005.
73. Heron DE, Karimpour S, Grigsby PW: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: comparison of conventional radiotherapy and hyperfractionation chemoradiotherapy in two groups. Am J Clin Oncol 25:442-446, 2002.
74. Voigt W, Bulankin A, Muller T, et al: Schedule-dependent antagonism of gemcitabine and cisplatin in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 6:2087-2093, 2000.
75. www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Bethesda, Md, National Library of Medicine.
76. Kebebew E, Clark OH: Papillary thyroid cancer, in Doherty G, Skogseid B (eds): Surgical Endocrinology, pp 59-73. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.
77. DeGroot LJ, Kaplan EL, McCormick M, et al: Natural history, treatment, and course of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:414-424, 1990.
78. Simpson WJ, McKinney SE, Carruthers JS, et al: Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Prognostic factors in 1,578 patients. Am J Med 83:479-488, 1987.
79. Maddox P, Wheeler M: Approach to thyroid nodules, in Clark OH, Duh QY (eds): Textbook of Endocrine Surgery, 1st ed, pp 69-74. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1997.
80. Wong C, Sequeira M, Wheeler M: Diagnostic approach to the thyroid nodule, in Doherty G, Skogseid B (eds): Surgical Endocrinology, vol. 1, pp 47-57. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.
81. Moreno-Egea A, Rodriguez-Gonzalez JM, Sola-Perez J, et al: Multivariate analysis of histopathological features as prognostic factors in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Br J Surg 82:1092-1094, 1995.
82. Grebe SK, Hay ID: Follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas. Cancer Treat Res 89:91-140, 1997.
83. Sanders LE, Cady B: Differentiated thyroid cancer: Reexamination of risk groups and outcome of treatment. Arch Surg 133:419-425, 1998.
84. McConahey WM, Hay ID, Woolner LB, et al: Papillary thyroid cancer treated at the Mayo Clinic, 1946 through 1970: Initial manifestations, pathologic findings, therapy, and outcome. Mayo Clin Proc 61:978-996, 1986.
85. Alsanea O, Wada N, Ain K, et al: Is familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma more aggressive than sporadic thyroid cancer? A multicenter series. Surgery 128:1043-1050; discussion 1050-1041, 2000.
86. Uchino S, Noguchi S, Kawamoto H, et al: Familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma characterized by multifocality and a high recurrence rate in a large study population. World J Surg 26:897-902, 2002.
87. Sturgeon C, Clark OH: Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Thyroid 15:588-593, 2005.