Testing the basis of incumbency advantage: Strategic candidates and term limits in the California legislature

State Politics and Policy Quarterly

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 1-20

  Engstrom, Erik J ^a   Monroe, Nathan W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745592198     PISSN: 15324400     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/153244000600600101     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alford, John R., and David W. Brady. 1989. "Personal and Partisan Advantage in U.S. Congressional Elections." In Congress Reconsidered, eds. Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenhemier. 4th ed. New York: Praeger.
2. Alford, John R., and David W. Brady. 1993. "Personal and Partisan Advantage in U.S. Congressional Elections, 1846-1900." In Congress Reconsidered, eds. Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer. 5th ed. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
3. Ansolabehere, Stephen, and James M. Snyder, Jr. 2004. "Using Term Limits to Estimate Incumbency Advantages When Officeholders Retire Strategically." Legislative Studies Quarterly 29:487-515.
4. Banks, Jeffreys., and D. Roderick Kiewiet. 1989. "Explaining Patterns of Candidate Competition in Congressional Elections." American Journal of Political Science 33:997-1015.
5. Berry, William D., Michael B. Berkman, and Stuart Schneiderman. 2000. "Legislative Professionalism and Incumbent Reelection: The Development of Institutional Boundaries." American Political Science Review 94:859-74.
6. Bond, Jon R., Cary Covington, and Richard Fleisher. 1985. "Explaining Challenger Quality in Congressional Elections." Journal of Politics 47:510-29.
7. Brace, Paul. 1984. "Progressive Ambition in the House: A Probabilistic Approach." Journal of Politics 46:556-69.
8. Cain, Bruce, John Ferejohn, and Morris Fiorina. 1987. The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
9. Canon, David T. 1990. Actors, Athletes, and Astronauts: Political Amateurs in the United States Congress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10. Carey, John M., Richard G. Niemi, and Lynda W. Powell. 2000. Term Limits in the State Legislatures. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
11. Carson, Jamie L., and Jason Roberts. 2005. "Strategic Politicians and U.S. House Elections, 1874-1914." Journal of Politics 67:474-96.
12. Cover, Albert D. 1977. "One Good Term Deserves Another: The Advantage of Incumbency in Congressional Elections." American Journal of Political Science 21:523-41.
13. Cover, Albert D., and David R. Mayhew. 1977. "Congressional Dynamics and the Decline of Competitive Congressional Elections." In Congress Reconsidered, eds. Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer. New York: Praeger.
14. Cox, Gary W., and Jonathan Katz. 2002. Elbridge Gerry's Salamander: The Electoral Consequences of the Reapportionment Revolution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
15. Cox, Gary W., and Scott Morgenstern. 1993. "The Increasing Advantage of Incumbency in the U.S. States." Legislative Studies Quarterly 18:495-514.
16. Daniel, Kermit, and John R. Lott, Jr. 1997. "Term Limits and Electoral Competitiveness: Evidence from California's State Legislative Races." Public Choice 90:165-84.
17. Doran, Gideon, and Michael Harris. 2001. Term Limits. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
18. Erikson, Robert S. 1971. "The Advantage of Incumbency in Congressional Elections." Polity 3:395-405.
19. Erikson, Robert S. 1972. "Malapportionment, Gerrymandering, and Party Fortunes in Congressional Elections." American Political Science Review 66:1234-45.
20. Fenno, Richard F., Jr. 1978. Home Style: House Members in Their Districts. Boston, MA: Little Brown.
21. Ferejohn, John A. 1977. "On the Decline of Competition in Congressional Elections." American Political Science Review 71:166-76.
22. Fiorina, Morris P. 1977. "The Case of the Vanishing Marginals: The Bureaucracy Did It." American Political Science Review 71:177-81.
23. Gelman, Andrew, and Gary King. 1990. "Estimating Incumbency Advantage without Bias." American Journal of Political Science 34:1142-64.
24. Groseclose, Timothy, and Keith Krehbiel. 1994. "Golden Parachutes, Rubber Checks, and Strategic Retirements from the 102nd House." American Journal of Political Science 38:75-99.
25. Hall, Richard L., and Robert P. Van Houweling. 1995. "Avarice and Ambition in Congress: Representatives' Decisions to Run or Retire from the U.S. House." American Political Science Review 89:121-36.
26. Holbrook, Thomas M., and Charles M. Tidmarch. 1991. "Sophomore Surge in State Legislative Elections, 1968-1986." Legislative Studies Quarterly 16:49-63.
27. Jacobson, Gary C. 1987. "The Marginals Never Vanished: Incumbency and Competition in Elections to the U.S. House of Representatives, 1952-1982." American Journal of Political Science 31:126-41.
28. Jacobson, Gary C. 1989. "Strategic Politicians and the Dynamics of U.S. House Elections, 1946-86." American Political Science Review 83:773-93.
29. Jacobson, Gary C. 2004. The Politics of Congressional Elections. 6th ed. New York: Pearson, Longman.
30. Jacobson, Gary C., and Michael Dimock. 1994. "Checking Out: The Effects of Bank Overdrafts on the 1992 House Elections." American Journal of Political Science 38:601-24.
31. Jacobson, Gary C., and Samuel Kernell. 1983. Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
32. Jewell, Malcolm E., and David Breaux. 1988. "The Effect of Incumbency on State Legislative Elections." Legislative Studies Quarterly 13:495-513.
33. Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and Langche Zeng. 1993. "An Analysis of Congressional Career Decisions, 1947-1986." American Political Science Review 87:928-41.
34. King, Gary. 1991. "Constituency Service and Incumbency Advantage." British Journal of Political Science 21:119-28.
35. Krehbiel, Keith, and John R. Wright. 1983. "The Incumbency Effect in Congressional Elections: A Test of Two Explanations." American Journal of Political Science 27:140-57.
36. Mann, Thomas E. 1977. Unsafe at Any Margin: Interpreting Congressional Elections. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
37. Mayhew, David R. 1974. "Congressional Elections: The Case of the Vanishing Marginals." Polity 6:295-317.
38. Petracca, Mark P. 1996. "A History of Rotation in Office." In Legislative Term Limits: Public Choice Perspectives, ed. Bernard Grofman. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
39. Powell, Richard J. 2000. "The Impact of Term Limits on the Candidacy Decisions of State Legislators in U.S. House Elections." Legislative Studies Quarterly 25:645-61.
40. Rohde, David. 1979. "Risk-Bearing and Progressive Ambition: The Case of Members of the United States House of Representatives." American Journal of Political Science 23:1-26.
41. Schlesinger, Joseph. 1966. Ambition and Politics: Political Careers in the United States. Chicago: Rand McNally.
42. Squire, Peverill. 1989. "Challengers in Senate Elections." Legislative Studies Quarterly 14:531-47.
43. Squire, Peverill. 1992. "The Theory of Legislative Institutionalism and the California Assembly." Journal of Politics 54:1026-54.
44. Tomz, Michael, Jason Wittenberg, and Gary King. 1999. CLARIFY: Software for Interpreting and Presenting Statistical Results. Version 1.21. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. http://gking.harvard.edu (September 19, 2005).
45. Will, George F. 1992. Restoration: Congress, Term Limits, and the Recovery of Deliberative Democracy. New York: Free Press.