Lensless focusing with subwavelength resolution by direct synthesis of the angular spectrum

Applied Physics Letters

Volumn 88, Issue 26, 2006, Pages

  Hong, Stanley S ^a   Horn, Berthold K P ^a   Freeman, Dennis M ^a   Mermelstein, Michael S ^b  

^a USA   (United States)

^b Lightwave Instruments LLC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGULAR SPECTRUM; AZIMUTHALLY POLARIZED BESSEL BEAM; FOCAL SPOT DIAMETER; SUBWAVELENGTH RESOLUTION;

COHERENT LIGHT; FOCUSING; OPTICAL INSTRUMENT LENSES; OPTICAL RESOLVING POWER; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS;

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES;

EID: 33745591448     PISSN: 00036951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.2213912     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. K. Schwarzschild, Astron. Mittheil. der Königl. Sternwarte Götingen 10, 3 (1905).
2. P. Kirkpatrick and A. V. Baez, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 38, 766 (1948).
3. H. Wolter, Ann. Phys. 10, 94 (1952).
4. A. V. Baez, Nature (London) 186, 958 (1960).
5. D. Attwood, Soft X-rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation: Principles and Applications (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999).
6. M. A. Kumakhov, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 48, 283 (1990).
7. D. H. Bilderback and D. J. Thiel, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 2059 (1995).
8. A. Snigirev, V. Kohn, I. Snigireva, and B. Lengeler, Nature (London) 384, 49 (1996).
9. L. Kipp, M. Skibowski, R. L. Johnson, R. Berndt, R. Adelung, S. Harm, and R. Seemann, Nature (London) 414, 184 (2001).
10. R. A. Meyer, Appl. Opt. 11, 613 (1972).
11. D. P. Resler, D. S. Hobbs, R. C. Sharp, L. J. Friedman, and T. A. Dorschner, Opt. Lett. 21, 689 (1996).
12. D. R. Scifres, R. D. Burnham, and W. Streifer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 33, 1015 (1979).
13. J. Katz, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv, Appl. Phys. Lett. 42, 554 (1983).
14. G. Josten, H. P. Weber, and W. Luethy, Appl. Opt. 28, 5133 (1989).
15. M. Tempus, W. Luthy, and H. P. Weber, Appl. Phys. B: Photophys. Laser Chem. 56, 79 (1993).
16. L. Mandel and E. Wolf, Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995).
17. J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996).
18. Selected Papers on Scalar Wave Diffraction, edited by K. E. Oughstun (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1992).
19. J. Durnin, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 651 (1987).
20. For clarity, we define λ̃ = λ/NA, where λ is wavelength and NA is numerical aperture.
21. G. Bekefi and A. H. Barrett, Electromagnetic Vibrations, Waves, and Radiation (MIT, Cambridge, MA, 1977).
22. The effects of polarization are neglected in Fig. 1 for simplicity.
23. The generation of azimuthally and radially polarized fields using the coherent superposition of linearly polarized fields is well known (Ref. 24), and various alternate techniques are described in the literature (Refs. 25-27).
24. S. C. Tidwell, D. H. Ford, and W. D. Kimura, Appl. Opt. 29, 2234 (1990).
25. D. Pohl, Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 266 (1972).
26. R. Oron, S. Blit, N. Davidson, A. A. Friesem, Z. Bomzon, and E. Hasman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3322 (2000).
27. U. Levy, C.-H. Tsai, L. Pang, and Y. Fainman, Opt. Lett. 29, 1718 (2004).
28. See EPAPS Document No. E-APPLAB-88-201625 for supplemental information. The document may also be reached via the EPAPS homepage (http://www.aip.org/ pubservs/epaps.html) or from ftp.aip.org in the directory /epaps. See the EPAPS homepage for more information.
29. R. H. Jordan and D. G. Hall, Opt. Lett. 19, 427 (1994).
30. Z. Bouchal and M. Olivík, J. Mod. Opt. 42, 1555 (1995).
31. Note that Fig. 5(b) was calculated using the full 1024 × 1024-pixel region recorded with the CCD imager, while Figs. 3(b) and 3(d) show a 128 × 128-pixel detail.