Autistic disorder: Current psychopharmacological treatments and areas of interest for future developments;Autismo: Tratamentos psicofarmacológicos e áreas de interesse para desenvolvimentos futuros

Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria

Volumn 28, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2006, Pages

  Nikolov, Roumen ^a   Jonker, Jacob ^b   Scahill, Lawrence ^c  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF NURSING   (United States)

Author keywords

Anticonvulsants; Antidepressant agents; Antipsychotic agents; Autistic disorder; Disease management

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ARIPIPRAZOLE; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; CITALOPRAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; CLOZAPINE; DESIPRAMINE; DEXAMPHETAMINE; ESCITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; HALOPERIDOL; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM CARBONATE; METHYLPHENIDATE; MIRTAZAPINE; MOOD STABILIZER; NALTREXONE; OLANZAPINE; PAROXETINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; SECRETIN; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM; ZIPRASIDONE;

AGGRESSION; AGITATION; ANOREXIA; AUTISM; BLOOD DYSCRASIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DOSE RESPONSE; DROWSINESS; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; HYPERACTIVITY; INCREASED APPETITE; INSOMNIA; IRRITABILITY; MENTAL INSTABILITY; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PARKINSONISM; PLASMA HALF LIFE; PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY; QT PROLONGATION; RASH; REVIEW; SEDATION; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; TACHYCARDIA; TARDIVE DYSKINESIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; URINE RETENTION;

ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; AUTISTIC DISORDER; CLINICAL TRIALS; CLOZAPINE; HUMANS; PLACEBOS; RISPERIDONE;

EID: 33745307542     PISSN: 15164446     EISSN: 15164446     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S1516-44462006000500006     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc; 2000.
2. WHO. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.
3. Fombonne E. The prevalence of autism. JAMA. 2003;289(1):87-9.
4. Anderson LT, Campbell M, Adams P, Small AM, Perry R, Shell J. The effects of haloperidol on discrimination learning and behavioral symptoms in autistic children. J Autism Dev Disord. 1989;19(2):227-39.
5. Scahill L, Leckman JF, Schultz RT, Katsovich L, Peterson BS. A placebo-controlled trial of risperidone in Tourette syndrome. Neurology. 2003;60(7):1130-5.
6. Meltzer HY. The role of serotonin in antipsychotic drug action. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999;21(2S):106S-115S.
7. Kapur S, Seeman P. Does fast dissociation from the dopamine d(2) receptor explain the action of atypical antipsychotics? A new hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(3):360-9.
8. Chen NC, Bedair HS, McKay B, Bowers MB Jr, Mazure C. Clozapine in the treatment of aggression in an adolescent with autistic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(6):479-80.
9. Leysen JE, Gommeren W, Eens A, de Chaffoy de Courcelles D, Stoof JC, Janssen PA. Biochemical profile of risperidone, a new antipsychotic. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988;247(2):661-70.
10. McCracken JT, McGough J, Shah B, Cronin P, Hong D, Aman MG, Arnold LE, Lindsay R, Nash P, Hollway J, McDougle CJ, Posey D, Swiezy N, Kohn A, Scahill L, Martin A, Koenig K, Volkmar F, Carroll D, Lancor A, Tierney E, Ghuman J, Gonzalez NM, Grados M, Vitiello B, Ritz L, Davies M, Robinson J, McMahon D. Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(5):314-21.
11. Bymaster FP, Calligaro DO, Falcone JF, Marsh RD, Moore NA, Tye NC, Seeman P, Wong DT. Radioreceptor binding profile of the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1996;14(2):87-96.
12. Horrigan JP, Barnhill LJ, Courvoisie HE. Olanzapine in PDD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(9):1166-7.
13. Heimann SW. High-dose olanzapine in an adolescent. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38(5):496-8.
14. Potenza MN, Holmes JP, Kanes SJ, McDougle CJ. Olanzapine treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with pervasive developmental disorders: an open-label pilot study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999;19(1):37-44.
15. Malone RP, Cater J, Sheikh RM, Choudhury MS, Delaney MA. Olanzapine versus haloperidol in children with autistic disorder: an open pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40(8):887-94.
16. Bonanno DG, Davydov L, Botts SR. Olanzapine-induced diabetes mellitus. Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35(5):563-5.
17. Hirsch SR, Link CG, Goldstein JM, Arvanitis LA. ICI 204,636: a new atypical antipsychotic drug. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1996(29):45-56.
18. Martin A, Koenig K, Scahill L, Bregman J. Open-label quetiapine in the treatment of children and adolescents with autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 1999;9(2):99-107.
19. Seeger TF, Seymour PA, Schmidt AW, Zorn SH, Schulz DW, Lebel LA, McLean S, Guanowsky V, Howard HR, Lowe JA 3rd. Ziprasidone (CP-88,059): a new antipsychotic with combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995;275(1):101-13.
20. McDougle CJ, Kem DL, Posey DJ. Case series: use of ziprasidone for maladaptive symptoms in youths with autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41(8):921-7.
21. Cohen SA, Fitzgerald BJ, Khan SR, Khan A. The effect of a switch to ziprasidone in an adult population with autistic disorder: chart review of naturalistic, open-label treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(1):110-3.
22. Tamminga CA. Partial dopamine agonists in the treatment of psychosis. J Neural Transm. 2002;109(3):411-20.
23. Kane JM, Carson WH, Saha AR, McQuade RD, Ingenito GG, Zimbroff DL, Ali MW. Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole and haloperidol versus placebo in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(9):763-71.
24. Stigler KA, Posey DJ, McDougle CJ. Aripiprazole for maladaptive behavior in pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2004;14(3):455-63.
25. Gordon CT, State RC, Nelson JE, Hamburger SD, Rapoport JL. A double-blind comparison of clomipramine, desipramine, and placebo in the treatment of autistic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50(6):441-7.
26. Brasic JR, Barnett JY, Kaplan D, Sheitman BB, Aisemberg P, Lafargue RT, Kowalik S, Clark A, Tsaltas MO, Young JG. Clomipramine ameliorates adventitious movements and compulsions in prepubertal boys with autistic disorder and severe mental retardation. Neurology. 1994;44(7):1309-12.
27. Brodkin ES, McDougle CJ, Naylor ST, Cohen DJ, Price LH. Clomipramine in adults with pervasive developmental disorders: a prospective open-label investigation. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 1997;7(2):109-21.
28. Garber HJ, McGonigle JJ, Slomka GT, Monteverde E. Clomipramine treatment of stereotypic behaviors and self-injury in patients with developmental disabilities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992;31(6):1157-60.
29. Sanchez LE, Campbell M, Small AM, Cueva JE, Armenteros JL, Adams PB. A pilot study of clomipramine in young autistic children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35(4):537-44.
30. Hollander E, Phillips A, Chaplin W, Zagursky K, Novotny S, Wasserman S, Iyengar R. A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30(3):582-9.
31. Cook EH, Jr., Rowlett R, Jaselskis C, Leventhal BL. Fluoxetine treatment of children and adults with autistic disorder and mental retardation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992;31(4):739-45.
32. McDougle CJ, Naylor ST, Cohen DJ, Volkmar FR, Heninger GR, Price LH. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine in adults with autistic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53(11):1001-8.
33. Martin A, Koenig K, Anderson GM, Scahill L. Low-dose fluvoxamine treatment of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders: a prospective, open-label study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2003;33(1):77-85.
34. Hellings JA, Kelley LA, Gabrielli WF, Kilgore E, Shah P. Sertraline response in adults with mental retardation and autistic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996;57(8):333-6.
35. McDougle CJ, Brodkin ES, Naylor ST, Carlson DC, Cohen DJ, Price LH. Sertraline in adults with pervasive developmental disorders: a prospective open-label investigation. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998;18(1):62-6.
36. Steingard RJ, Zimnitzky B, DeMaso DR, Bauman ML, Bucci JP. Sertraline treatment of transition-associated anxiety and agitation in children with autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 1997;7(1):9-15.
37. Snead RW, Boon F, Presberg J. Paroxetine for self-injurious behavior. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994;33(6):909-10.
38. Posey DI, Litwiller M, Koburn A, McDougle CJ. Paroxetine in autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38(2):111-2.
39. Davanzo PA, Belin TR, Widawski MH, King BH. Paroxetine treatment of aggression and self-injury in persons with mental retardation. Am J Ment Retard. 1998;102(5):427-37.
40. Namerow LB, Thomas P, Bostic JQ, Prince J, Monuteaux MC. Use of citalopram in pervasive developmental disorders. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2003;24(2):104-8.
41. Posey DJ, Guenin KD, Kohn AE, Swiezy NB, McDougle CJ. A naturalistic open-label study of mirtazapine in autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2001;11(3):267-77.
42. A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The MTA Cooperative Group. Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56(12):1073-86.
43. Kerbeshian J, Burd L, Fisher W. Lithium carbonate in the treatment of two patients with infantile autism and atypical bipolar symptomatology. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1987;7(6):401-5.
44. Steingard R, Biederman J. Lithium responsive manic-like symptoms in two individuals with autism and mental retardation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1987;26(6):932-5.
45. Hollander E, Dolgoff-Kaspar R, Cartwright C, Rawitt R, Novotny S. An open trial of divalproex sodium in autism spectrum disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(7):530-4.
46. Belsito KM, Law PA, Kirk KS, Landa RJ, Zimmerman AW. Lamotrigine therapy for autistic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Autism Dev Disord. 2001;31(2):175-81.
47. Messenheimer JA. Rash in adult and pediatric patients treated with lamotrigine. Can J Neurol Sci. 1998;25(4):S14-8.
48. Panksepp J, Lensing P. Brief report: a synopsis of an open-trial of naltrexone treatment of autism with four children. J Autism Dev Disord. 1991;21(2):243-9.
49. Campbell M, Overall JE, Small AM, Sokol MS, Spencer EK, Adams P, Foltz RL, Monti KM, Perry R, Nobler M. Naltrexone in autistic children: an acute open dose range tolerance trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1989;28(2):200-6.
50. Campbell M, Anderson LT, Small AM, Adams P, Gonzalez NM, Ernst M. Naltrexone in autistic children: behavioral symptoms and attentional learning. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993;32(6):1283-91.
51. Kolmen BK, Feldman HM, Handen BL, Janosky JE. Naltrexone in young autistic children: replication study and learning measures. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(11):1570-8.
52. Feldman HM, Kolmen BK, Gonzaga AM. Naltrexone and communication skills in young children with autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38(5):587-93.
53. Horvath K, Stefanatos G, Sokolski KN, Wachtel R, Nabors L, Tildon JT. Improved social and language skills after secretin administration in patients with autistic spectrum disorders. J Assoc Acad Minor Phys. 1998;9(1):9-15.
54. Van Gent T, Heijnen CJ, Treffers PD. Autism and the immune system. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997;38(3):337-49.
55. DelGiudice-Asch G, Simon L, Schmeidler J, Cunningham Rundles C, Hollander E. Brief report: a pilot open clinical trial of intravenous immunoglobulin in childhood autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 1999;29(2):157-60.
56. Sandler RH, Finegold SM, Bolte ER, Buchanan CP, Maxwell AP, Vaisanen ML, Nelson MN, Wexler HM. Short-term benefit from oral vancomycin treatment of regressive-onset autism. J Child Neurol. 2000;15(7):429-35.
57. Krystal JH, D'Souza DC, Petrakis IL, Belger A, Berman RM, Charney DS,Abi-Saab W, Madonick S. NMDA agonists and antagonists as probes of glutamatergic dysfunction and pharmacotherapies in neuropsychiatric disorders. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1999;7(3):125-43.
58. Carlsson ML. Hypothesis: is infantile autism a hypoglutamatergic disorder? Relevance of glutamate - serotonin interactions for pharmacotherapy. J Neural Transm. 1998;105(4-5):525-35.
59. Davis M, Walker DL, Myers KM. Role of the amygdala in fear extinction measured with potentiated startle. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;985:218-32.
60. Yurgelun-Todd DA, Coyle JT, Gruber SA, Renshaw PF, Silveri MM, Amico E, Cohen B, Goff DC. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of schizophrenic patients during word production: effects of D-cycloserine. Psychiatry Res. 2005;138(1):23-31.
61. Posey DJ, Kem DL, Swiezy NB, Sweeten TL, Wiegand RE, McDougle CJ. A pilot study of D-cycloserine in subjects with autistic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(11):2115-7.
62. King BH, Wright DM, Handen BL, Sikich L, Zimmerman AW, McMahon W, Cantwell E, Davanzo PA, Dourish CT, Dykens EM, Hooper SR, Jaselskis CA, Leventhal BL, Levitt J, Lord C, Lubetsky MJ, Myers SM, Ozonoff S, Shah BG, Snape M, Shernoff EW, Williamson K, Cook EH Jr. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of amantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of children with autistic disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40(6):658-65.