Who may be literate? Disability and resistance to the cultural denial of competence

American Educational Research Journal

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 163-192

  Kliewer, Christopher ^a   Biklen, Douglas ^b,d   Kasa Hendrickson, Christi ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN IOWA   (United States)

^b SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Equality and Non Discrimination Branch   (United States)

Author keywords

Advocacy; Disability; Disability rights; Disability studies; Literacy; Special education

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745007091     PISSN: 00028312     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3102/00028312043002163     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2004). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV: Text revision. Washington, DC: Author.
2. Biklen, D. (1992). Schooling without labels: Parents, educators, and inclusive education. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
3. Biklen, D. (2000). Constructing inclusion: Lessons from critical disability narratives. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 4, 337-353.
4. Biklen, D., with Attfield, R., Bissonnette, L., Blackman, L., Burke, J., Frugone, A., Mukhopadhyay, T. R., & Rubin, S. (2005). Autism and the myth of the person alone. New York: New York University Press.
5. Blatt, B. (1987). The conquest of mental retardation. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
6. Bogdan, R. C., & Taylor, S. J. (1990). Looking at the bright side: A positive approach to qualitative policy and evaluative research. Qualitative Sociology, 13, 183-192.
7. Braddy, N. (1933). Anne Sullivan Macy: The story behind Helen Keller. New York: Doubleday.
8. Bradley, T. B. (1983). Remediation of cognitive deficits: A critical appraisal of the Feuerstein model. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 27, 79-92.
9. Buck, J. N. (1955). The sage: An unusual mongoloid. In A. Burton & R. Harris (Eds.), Clinical studies of personality (Vol. 3, pp. 455-481). New York: Harper & Row.
10. Burt, C., & Lewis, R. B. (1946). Teaching backward readers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 16, 116-132.
11. Clark, B. (1947). They are feeble-minded no longer. Reader's Digest, 51, 111-115.
12. Cobb, T. R. R. (1968). An inquiry into the law of Negro slavery in the United States of America; to which is prefixed an historical sketch of slavery. New York: Negro University Press. (Original work published 1858)
13. Cummins, R., & Prior, M. (1992). Autism and assisted communication: A reply to Biklen. Harvard Educational Review, 62, 228-241.
14. Cutsforth, T. D. (1933). The blind in school and society: A psychological study. New York: Appleton.
15. Dashiell, J. F. (1946). Prefatory statement. In B. G. Schmidt, Changes in personal, social, and intellectual behavior of children originally classified as feebleminded (p. iii). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
16. Einhorn, L. J. (1998). Helen Keller, public speaker: Sightless, but seen, deaf but heard. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
17. Erickson, K. A., & Koppenhaver, D. A. (1995). Developing a literacy program for children with severe disabilities. Reading Teacher, 48, 676-684.
18. Ferguson, D., Ferguson, P., & Taylor, S. J. (Eds.). (1992). Interpreting disability: A qualitative reader. New York: Teachers College Press.
19. Fernald, G. M. (1943). Remedial techniques in basic school subjects. New York: McGraw-Hill.
20. Fernald, G. M., & Keller, H. B. (1921). Effect of kinaesthetic factors in the development of word recognition in the case of non-readers. Journal of Education Research, 4, 355-357.
21. Fernald, G. M., & Keller, H. B. (1936). On certain language disabilities; their nature and treatment. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
22. Feuerstein, R., & Rand, Y. (1974). Mediated learning experiences: An outline of the proximal etiology for differential development of cognitive functions. In L. Goldfien (Ed.), International understanding: Cultural differences in the development of cognitive processes (pp. 7-37). New York: Guilford Press.
23. Feuerstein, R., Rand, Y., Hoffman, M. B., & Miller, R. (1980). Instrumental enrichment: An intervention program for cognitive modifiability. Baltimore: University Park Press.
24. Feuerstein, R., Rand, Y., & Rynders, J. E. (1988). "Don't accept me as I am": Helping retarded people to excel. New York: Plenum.
25. Friedman, L. (1969). Argument: The oral argument before the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1952-1955. New York: Chelsea House.
26. Frisby, C. L., & Braden, J. P. (1992). Feuerstein's dynamic assessment approach: A semantic, logical, and empirical critique. Journal of Special Education, 26, 281-301.
27. Gates, A. I. (1935). The improvement of reading. New York: Macmillan.
28. Gates, H. L. (2003). The trials of Phillis Wheatley. New York: Basic Civitas Books.
29. Goodenough, F. L. (1939). A critique of experiments on raising the IQ. Educational Methods, 19, 73-79.
30. Goodenough, F. (1949). Evaluation from independent expert. Journal of Exceptional Children, 15, 228-230.
31. Green, G., & Shane, H. C. (1994). Science, reason, and facilitated communication. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 19, 151-172.
32. Gresham, F. M. (1987). On the malleability of intelligence: Unnecessary assumptions, reifications, and occlusions. School Psychology Review, 15, 245-255.
33. Hahn v. Linn County (Iowa), No. C99-19-MWB (U.S.D. Iowa, March 11, 2002).
34. Hume, D. (1963). Essays: Moral, political, and literary. New York: Oxford University Press.
35. Hunt, N. (1966). The world of Nigel Hunt: The diary of a mongoloid youth. New York: Garrett.
36. Johnson, A. (1903). Report of the Committee on Colonies for the Segregation of Defectives. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Charities and Corrections (pp. 245-254). New York: National Conference on Charities and Corrections.
37. Kant, I. (1960). Observations on the feeling of the beautiful and the sublime (J. T. Goldthwait, Trans.). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Original work published 1763)
38. Katims, D. S. (2000). Literacy instruction for people with mental retardation: Historical highlights and contemporary analysis. Education and Training in Mental Retardation & Developmental Disabilities, 35, 3-15.
39. Keller, H. (1908). Sense and sensibility: Part II. Century Magazine, 75, 773-783.
40. Keller, H. (1920). The world I live in. New York: Century.
41. Keller, H. B. (1931). Special classes for non-readers. In Fourth yearbook of the Division of Psychological and Educational Research, Los Angeles City Schools (pp. 99-105). Los Angeles: Los Angeles City School District.
42. Keller, H. (1954). The story of my life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
43. Kirk, S. A. (1948a). An evaluation of the study by Bernardine G. Schmidt entitled: "Changes in personal, social, and intellectual behavior of children originally classified as feebleminded." Psychological Bulletin, 45, 321-333.
44. Kirk, S. A. (1948b). An evaluation of the study of Bernardine G. Schmidt. Journal of Exceptional Children, 15, 34-54.
45. Kirk, S. A., & Johnson, G. O. (1951). Educating the retarded child. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
46. Kliewer, C. (1998). Schooling children with Down syndrome: Toward an understanding of possibility. New York: Teachers College Press.
47. Kliewer, C., & Biklen, D. (2001). "School's not really a place for reading": A research synthesis of the literate lives of students with severe disabilities. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 26, 1-12.
48. Kliewer, C., & Biklen, D. (in press). Enacting literacy: Local understanding, significant disability, and a new frame for educational opportunity. Teachers College Record.
49. Kliewer, C., Fitzgerald, L. M., Meyer-Mork, J., Hartman, P., English-Sand, P., & Raschke, D. (2004). Citizenship for all in the literate community: An ethnography of young children with significant disabilities in inclusive early childhood settings. Harvard Educational Review, 74, 373-403.
50. Kluger, R. (1975). Simple justice. New York: Vintage Books.
51. Lash, J. P. (1980). Helen and teacher: The story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy. New York: Delacorte Press.
52. Marcus, E., & Shevin, M. (1997). Sorting it out under fire: Our journey. In D. Biklen & D. N. Cardinal (Eds.), Contested words, contested science: Unraveling the facilitated communication controversy (pp. 115-134). New York: Teachers College Press.
53. Mirenda, P. (2003). "He's not really a reader. . .": Perspectives on supporting literacy development in individuals with autism. Topics in Language Disorders, 23, 271-282.
54. Mostert, M. P. (2002). Useless eaters: Disability as a genocidal marker in Nazi Germany. Journal of Special Education, 36, 155-168.
55. Newland, T. E. (1949). Evaluation of independent expert. Journal of Exceptional Children, 15, 230-232.
56. Nolan, W. J. (Ed.). (1949). A critique of the evaluation of the study by Bernardine G. Schmidt entitled: "Changes in personal, social, and intellectual behavior of children originally classified as feebleminded." Journal of Exceptional Children, 15, 225-234.
57. Oelwein, P. L. (1995). Teaching reading to children with Down syndrome: A guide for parents and teachers. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House.
58. Ozick, C. (2003). What Helen Keller saw, The New Yorker, 79(16), 188-191.
59. Palfreman, J. (1993, October). Prisoners of silence [Frontline documentary]. Boston: WGBH.
60. Prendergast, C. (2002). The economy of literacy: How the Supreme Court stalled the civil rights movement. Harvard Educational Review, 72, 206-229.
61. Renfro, G. H. (1916). Life and works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing her complete poetical works, numerous letters, and a complete biography of this famous poet of a century and a half ago. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press.
62. Robinson, W. H. (Ed.). (1982). Critical essays on Phillis Wheatley. Boston: Hall.
63. Rubin, S. (1995, June 12). Battling for the disabled with Cesar Chavez in mind. Los Angeles Times, p. B5.
64. Rubin, S. (1997, November). On facilitated communication and independence. Address delivered to the California Autism Society of America, San Diego, CA.
65. Rubin, S. (1998, December). Communication and human rights. Keynote address delivered at the annual conference of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, Seattle, WA.
66. Rubin, S. (1999). The experience of autism. Durham: Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire.
67. Rubin, S., Bilden, D., Kasa-Hendrickson, C., Kluth, P., Cardinal, D. N., & Broderick, A. (2001). Independence, participation, and the meaning of intellectual ability. Disability and Society, 16, 415-429.
68. Schmidt, B. G. (1945). The rehabilitation of feebleminded adolescents. School and Society, 62, 409-412.
69. Schmidt, B. G. (1946). Changes in personal, social, and intellectual behavior of children originally classified as feebleminded. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
70. Schmidt, B. G. (1947). Changes in behavior of originally feebleminded children. Journal of Exceptional Children, 14, 67-72, 94-96.
71. Schmidt, B. G. (1948). A reply. Psychological Bulletin, 45, 334-343.
72. Seagoe, M. V. (1964). Yesterday was Tuesday, all day and all night: The story of a unique education. Boston: Little, Brown.
73. Sendak, M. (1963). Where the wild things are. New York: HarperCollins.
74. Shayer, M., & Beasley, F. (1987). Does instrumental enrichment work? British Educational Research Journal, 13, 101-119.
75. Skeels, H. M., & Dye, H. B. (1939). A study of the effects of differential stimulation on mentally retarded children. Proceedings of the American Association on Mental Deficiency, 44, 114-136.
76. Stern, E. M. (1947). Feeble-minded children can be cured! Women's Home Companion, 74(9), 34-35, 157-158.
77. Stothers, C. E. (1949). Report on parallel experiments. Journal of Exceptional Children, 15, 226-227.
78. Terman, L. M. (1943). Foreword. In G. M. Fernald, Remedial techniques in basic school subjects (pp. vii-ix). New York: McGraw-Hill.
79. Terman, L. M. (1949). Evaluation from independent expert. Journal of Exceptional Children, 15, 228.
80. U.S. Department of Education. (2003), OSERS 24th annual report to Congress on the implementation of the IDEA. Washington, DC: Author.
81. Wheeler, D. L., Jacobson, J. W., Paglieri, R. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1992). An experimental assessment of facilitated communication (Report No. 92-TA1). Schenectady, NY: O. D. Heck Developmental Center.
82. Wheeler, D. L., Jacobson, J. W., Paglieri, R. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1993). An experimental assessment of facilitated communication. Mental Retardation, 31, 49-60.
83. Witty, P. A., & Koppel, D. (1936). Causation and diagnosis of reading disability. Journal of Psychology, 2, 161-191.
84. Wurzburg, G. (Producer/Director). (2004). Autism is a world [documentary film]. Atlanta, GA: CNN.