Primary and secondary stroke prevention with antiplatelet drugs

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Volumn 12, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 1293-1297

  Diener, Hans Christoph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUISBURG ESSEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aspirin; Dipyridamole; Hypertension; Myocardial infarction; Transient ischemic attacks

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPYRIDAMOLE; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PLACEBO; TICLOPIDINE; WARFARIN;

BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; HEART INFARCTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; LOW DRUG DOSE; META ANALYSIS; MONOTHERAPY; MORTALITY; PREDICTION; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT FAILURE;

ASPIRIN; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DIPYRIDAMOLE; HUMANS; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; TREATMENT FAILURE;

EID: 33744981636     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138161206776361273     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study Investigators, Aspirin effects in diabetes mellitus. JAMA 1992; 268: 1292-1300.
2. Gaetano G. Primary prevention of vascular disease by aspirin. Lancet 1988; 1: 1093-1093.
3. Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, Dahlöf B, Elmfeld D, Julius S, et al. for the HOT Study Group. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment: HOT; randomised trial. Lancet 1998; 351: 1755-1762.
4. Meade TW. Low-dose warfarin and low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of ischemic heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65: 7-11.
5. Peto R, Gray R, Collins R, Wheatley K, Hennekens C, Jamrozik K, et al. Randomised trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. Brit Med J 1988; 296: 313-316.
6. Steering Committee of the Physicians Health Study Research Group, Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing physicians health study. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 129-135.
7. Hart RG, Halperin JL, McBride R, Benavente O, Man-Son-Hing M, Kronmal RA. Aspirin for the primary prevention of stroke and other major vascular events. Meta-analysis and hypotheses. Arch Neurol 2000; 57: 326-332.
8. Collaborative Group of the Primary Prevention Project: PPP), Low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in people at cardiovascular risk: a randomised trial in general practice. Lancet 2001; 357: 89-95.
9. Grau AJ, Weimar C, Buggle F, Heinrich A, Goertler M, Neumaier S, et al. Risk factors, outcome, and treatment in subtypes of ischemic stroke: the German stroke data bank. Stroke 2001; 32: 2559-2566.
10. Weimar C, Kraywinkel K, Rodl J, Hippe A, Harms L, Kloth A, et al. Etiology, duration, and prognosis of transient ischemic attacks: an analysis from the German Stroke Data Bank. Arch Neurol 2002; 59: 1584-1588.
11. Wilterdink JL, Easton JD. Vascular event rates in patients with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. Arch Neurol 1992; 49: 857-863.
12. Antiplatelet Trialists Collaboration, Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Brit Med J 1994; 308: 81-106.
13. Antiplatelet Trialists Collaboration, Secondary prevention of vascular disease by prolonged antiplatelet treatment. Brit Med J 1988; 296: 320-331.
14. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration, Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 524: 71-86.
15. Patrono C, Roth GJ. Aspirin in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 1996; 27: 756-760.
16. The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. A comparison of two doses of aspirin: 30 mg vs. 283 mg a day; in patients after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1261-1266.
17. UK-TIA Study Group. The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack: UK-TIA; aspirin trial: final results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1991; 54: 1044-1054.
18. Diener HC, Cuhna L, Forbes C, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A. European Stroke Prevention Study 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci 1996; 143: 1-13.
19. Topol E, Easton D, Harrington R, Amarenco P, Califf R, Graffagnino C, et al. and on Behalf of the Blockade of the Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor to Avoid Vascular Occlusion: BRAVO; Trial Investigators, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international trial of the oral IIb/ IIIa antagonist lotrafiban in coronary and cerebrovascular disease. Circulation 2003; 108: 16-23.
20. Gent M, Blakely JA, Easton JD, Ellis DJ, Hachinski VC, Harbison JW, et al. The Canadian American ticlopidine study: CATS; in thromboembolic stroke. Lancet 1989; i: 1215-1220.
21. Hass WK, Easton JD, Adams HP, Pryse-Phillips W, Molony BA, Anderson S, et al. A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with aspirin for the prevention of stroke. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 501-507.
22. CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events: CAPRIE). Lancet 1996; 348: 1329-1339.
23. Ringleb P, Bhatt D, Hirsch A, Topol E, Hacke W. Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events Investigators, Benefit of clopidogrel over aspirin is amplified in patients with a history of ischemic events. Stroke 2004; 35: 528-532.
24. Bhatt DL, Marso SP, Hirsch AT, Ringleb PA, Hacke W, Topol EJ. Amplified benefit of clopidogrel versusu aspirin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 625-628.
25. Bhatt D, Chew D, Hirsch A, Ringleb P, Hacke W, Topol E. Superiority of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients with prior cardiac surgery. Circulation 2001; 103: 363-368.
26. Bhatt D, Foody J, Hirsch A, Ringleb P, Hacke W, Topol E. Complementary, additive benefit of clopidogrel and lipid-lowering therapy in patients with atherothrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: suppl. A): 326.
27. Diener H, Bogousslavsky J, Brass L, Cimminiello C, Csiba L, Kaste M, et al. and on behalf of the MATCH Investigators, Acetyl-salicylic acid on a background of clopidogrel in high-risk patients randomised after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: The MATCH trial results. Lancet 2004; 364: 331-334.
28. Diener H, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, Ciminello C, Csiba L, Kaste M, et al. and on behalf of the MATCH Investigators, Management of atherothrombosis with clopidogrel in high-risk patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke: MATCH): Study design and baseline data. Cererbrovasc Dis 2004; 17: 253-261.
29. Diener HC, Forbes C, Riekkinen PJ, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A. and and the ESPS Group, European Stroke Prevention Study 2: Efficacy and safety data. J Neurol Sci 1997; 151: S1-S77.
30. The ESPS Group. The European Stroke Prevention Study: ESPS). Principal end- points. Lancet 1987; ii: 1351-1354.
31. Acheson J, Danta G, Hutchinson EC. Controlled trial of dipyridamole in cerebral vascular disease. Brit Med J 1969; 1: 614-615.
32. American-Canadian Co-operative Study Group, Persantin-aspirin in cerebral ischemia, part II: endpoint results. Stroke 1985; 16: 406-415.
33. Bousser MG, Eschwege E, Haguenau M, Lefaucconier JM, Thibult N, Touboul D, et al. "A.I.C.L.A." controlled trial of aspirin and dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1983; 13: 5-14.
34. Leonardl-Bee J, Bath PM, Bousser MG, Davalos A, Diener HC, Guiraud-Chaumeil B, et al. Dipyridamole for preventing recurrent ischemic stroke and other vascular events: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2005; 36(1): 162-8.
35. Sacco R, Sivenius J, Diener HC, Efficacy of aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole in preventing recurrent stroke in high-risk populations. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 403-408.
36. Mohr JP, Thompson JL, Lazar RM, Levin B, Sacco RL, Furie KL, et al. and Warfarin-Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Study Group. A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1444-1451.
37. Alberts M, Bergman D, Molner E, Jovanovic B, Ushiwata I, Teruya J. Antiplatelet effect of aspirin in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 2004; 35: 175-178.
38. Helgason CM, Tortoice KL, Winkler SR, Penney DW, Schuler JJ, McClelland TJ, et al. Aspirin response and failure in cerebral infarction, Stroke 1993; 24: 345-350.
39. Diener HC. Modified-release dipyridamole combined with aspirin for secondary stroke prevention. Aging Health 2005; 1: 19-26.
40. Diener HC, Ringleb PA, Savi P. Clopidogrel for secondary prevention of stroke. Exp Opin Pharmacother 2005; 6: 755-764.
41. Clement DL, De Buyzere ML, Duprez DA. Hypertension in peripheral arterial disease. Curr Pharm Des 2004; 10(29): 3615-20.
42. Francis CW. Direct thrombin inhibitors for treatment of heparin induced thrombocytopenia, deep vein thrombosis and atrial fibrilation. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11(30): 3931-41.
43. Petersen P. Ximelagatran - a promising new drug in thromboembolic disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11(4): 527-38.