Ischemic heart disease in women: Clinical presentation, non-invasive testing and management of acute coronary syndromes;Cardiopatía isquémica en la mujer: Presentación clínica, pruebas diagnósticas y tratamiento de los síndromes coronarios agudos

Revista Espanola de Cardiologia

Volumn 59, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 371-381

  Heras, Magda ^a  

^a HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

Author keywords

Angina; Myocardial infarction; Women

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOBUTAMINE; EPTIFIBATIDE; ESTROGEN; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; HEPARIN; HIRULOG; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; METHOXY ISOBUTYL ISONITRILE TECHNETIUM TC 99M; THALLIUM 201; TIROFIBAN;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; AGE; ANGINA PECTORIS; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CORONARY REPERFUSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXERCISE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYSIS; HEART PROTECTION; HORMONE ACTION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MORTALITY; NON INVASIVE MEASUREMENT; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THORAX PAIN; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 33744928128     PISSN: 03008932     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1157/13087060     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Mosca L, Jones WK, King KB, Ouyang P, Redberg RF, Hill MN. Awareness, perception, and knowledge of heart disease risk and prevention among women in the United States. American Heart Association Women's Heart Disease and Stroke Campaign Task Force. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:506-15.
2. De la Mata I, López-Bescós L, Heras M, Banegas JR, Marrugat J, Villar F, et al. Resultados y comentarios. En: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo y Sociedad Española de Cardiología, editores. Cardiopatía isquémica en España. Análisis de la situación 2001. Madrid: Aula Médica; 2001. p. 35-91.
3. Marrugat J, Elosúa R, Martí H. Epidemiología de la cardiopatía isquémica en España: estimación del número de casos y de las tendencias entre 1997 y 2005. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2002;55:337-46.
4. Kesteloot H, Sans S, Kromhout D. Dynamics of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in Western and Eastern Europe between 1970 and 2000. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:107-13.
5. Kannel WB. The Framingham Study: historical insight on the impact of cardiovascular risk factors in men versus women. J Gend Specif Med. 2002;5:27-37.
6. Bowker TJ, Turner RM, Wood DA, Roberts TL, Curzen N, Gandhi M, et al. A national Survey of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ischaemia (SAMII) in the UK: characteristics, management and in-hospital outcome in women compared to men in patients under 70 years. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:1458-63.
7. Hochman JS, Tamis JE, Thompson TD, Weaver WD, White HD, Van de Werf F, et al. Sex, clinical presentation, and outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes IIb Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:226-32.
8. Methot J, Hamelin BA, Bogaty P, Arsenault M, Plante S, Poirier P. Does hormonal status influence the clinical presentation of acute coronary syndromes in women? J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004;13:695-702.
9. Goldberg R, Goff D, Cooper L, Luepker R, Zapka J, Bittner V, et al. Age and sex differences in presentation of symptoms among patients with acute coronary disease: the REACT Trial. Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment. Coron Artery Dis. 2000;11:399-407.
10. Kyker KA, Limacher MC. Gender differences in the presentation and symptoms of coronary artery disease. Curr Womens Health Rep. 2002;2:115-9.
11. Milner KA, Funk M, Richards S, Wilmes RM, Vaccarino V, Krumholz HM. Gender differences in symptom presentation associated with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:396-9.
12. Chaitman BR, Bourassa MG, Davis K, Rogers WJ, Tyras DH, Berger R, et al. Angiographic prevalence of high-risk coronary artery disease in patient subsets (CASS). Circulation. 1981;64:360-7.
13. Merz CN, Kelsey SF, Pepine CJ, Reichek N, Reis SE, Rogers WJ, et al. The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study: protocol design, methodology and feasibility report. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:1453-61.
14. Pepine CJ, Balaban RS, Bonow RO, Diamond GA, Johnson BD, Johnson PA, et al; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; American College of Cardiology Foundation. Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: current status and future research directions: report of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute workshop: October 2-4, 2002: Section 1: diagnosis of stable ischemia and ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 2004;109:e44-6.
15. Roque M, Heras M, Roig E, Masotti M, Rigol M, Betriu A, et al. Short-term effects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on coronary vascular reactivity in postmenopausal women with angina pectoris and normal results on coronary angiograms. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:139-43.
16. Sitges M, Heras M, Roig E, Duran M, Masotti M, Zurbano MJ, et al. Acute and mid-term combined hormone replacement therapy improves endothelial function in post-menopausal women with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:2116-24.
17. Reis SE, Holubkov R, Conrad Smith AJ, Kelsey SF, Sharaf BL, Reichek N, et al; WISE Investigators. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in women with chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease: results from the NHLBI WISE study. Am Heart J. 2001;141:735-41.
18. Redberg RF, Cannon RO 3rd, Bairey Merz N, Lerman A, Reis SE, Sheps DS; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; American College of Cardiology Foundation. Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: current status and future research directions: report of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute workshop: October 2-4, 2002: Section 2: stable ischemia: pathophysiology and gender differences. Circulation. 2004;109:e47-9.
19. Buchthal SD, Den Hollander JA, Merz CN, Rogers WJ, Pepine CJ, Reichek N, et al. Abnormal myocardial phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in women with chest pain but normal coronary angiograms. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:829-35.
20. Panting JR, Gatehouse PD, Yang GZ, Grothues F, Firmin DN, Collins P, et al. Abnormal subendocardial perfusion in cardiac syndrome X detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1948-53.
21. Rosen SD, Paulesu E, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS, Davies GJ, Jones T, et al. Central nervous pathways mediating angina pectoris. Lancet. 1994;344:147-50.
22. Sweitzer NK, Douglas PS. Cardiovascular disease in women. En: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, editores. Braunwald's Heart Disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. p. 1951-64.
23. Mieres JH, Shaw LJ, Arai A, Budoff MJ, Flamm SD, Hundley WG, et al; Cardiac Imaging Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, American Heart Association. Role of noninvasive testing in the clinical evaluation of women with suspected coronary artery disease: consensus statement from the Cardiac Imaging Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, American Heart Association. Circulation. 2005;111:682-96.
24. Kwok Y, Kim C, Grady D, Segal M, Redberg R. Meta-analysis of exercise testing to detect coronary artery disease in women. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:660-6.
25. Gulati M, Pandey DK, Arnsdorf MF, Lauderdale DS, Thisted RA, Wicklund RH, et al. Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: the St James Women Take Heart Project. Circulation. 2003;108:1554-9.
26. Mora S, Redberg RF, Cui Y, Whiteman MK, Flaws JA, Sharrett AR, et al. Ability of exercise testing to predict cardiovascular and all-cause death in asymptomatic women: a 20-year follow-up of the lipid research clinics prevalence study. JAMA. 2003;290:1600-7.
27. Picano E. Stress echocardiography: a historical perspective. Am J Med. 2003;114:126-30.
28. Shaw LJ, Vasey C, Sawada S, Rimmerman C, Marwick TH. Impact of gender on risk stratification by exercise and dobutamine stress echocardiography: long-term mortality in 4234 women and 6898 men. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:447-56.
29. Mieres JH, Shaw LJ, Hendel RC, Miller DD, Bonow RO, Berman DS, et al; Writing Group on Perfusion Imaging in Women. American Society of Nuclear Cardiology consensus statement: Task Force on Women and Coronary Artery Disease-the role of myocardial perfusion imaging in the clinical evaluation of coronary artery disease in women [correction]. J Nucl Cardiol. 2003;10:95-101.
30. Santana-Boado C, Candell-Riera J, Castell-Conesa J, Aguade-Bruix S, García-Burillo A, Canela T, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of technetium-99m-MIBI myocardial SPECT in women and men. J Nucl Med. 1998;39:751-5.
31. Klocke FJ, Baird MG, Lorell BH, Bateman TM, Messer JV, Berman DS, et al; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; American Society for Nuclear Cardiology. ACC/AHA/ ASNC guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASNC Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging). Circulation. 2003;108:1404-18.
32. Marwick TH, Shaw LJ, Lauer MS, Kesler K, Hachamovitch R, Heller GV, et al. The noninvasive prediction of cardiac mortality in men and women with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Economics of Noninvasive Diagnosis (END) Study Group. Am J Med. 1999;106:172-8.
33. Steingart RM, Packer M, Hamm P, Coglianese ME, Gersh B, Geltman EM, et al. Sex differences in the management of coronary artery disease. Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:226-30.
34. Schulman KA, Berlin JA, Harless W, Kerner JF, Sistrunk S, Gersh BJ, et al. The effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:618-26.
35. Haberl R, Becker A, Leber A, Knez A, Becker C, Lang C, et al. Correlation of coronary calcification and angiographically documented stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: results of 1,764 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:451-7.
36. Raggi P, Shaw LJ, Berman DS, Callister TQ. Gender-based differences in the prognostic value of coronary calcification. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004;13:273-83.
37. Holubkov R, Pepine CJ, Rickens C, Reichek N, Rogers WJ, Sharaf BL, et al; Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Investigators. Electrocardiogram abnormalities predict angiographic coronary artery disease in women with chest pain: results from the NHLBI WISE Study. Clin Cardiol. 2002;25:553-8.
38. Triola B, Olson MB, Reis SE, Rautaharju P, Merz CN, Kelsey SF, et al. Electrocardiographic predictors of cardiovascular outcome in women: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:51-6.
39. Wessel TR, Arant CB, Olson MB, Johnson BD, Reis SE, Sharaf BL, et al. Relationship of physical fitness vs body mass index with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events in women. JAMA. 2004;292:1179-87.
40. Reis SE, Olson MB, Fried L, Reeser V, Mankad S, Pepine CJ, et al. Mild renal insufficiency is associated with angiographic coronary artery disease in women. Circulation. 2002;105:2826-9.
41. Arant CB, Wessel TR, Olson MB, Bairey Merz CN, Sopko G, Rogers WJ, et al; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study. Hemoglobin level is an independent predictor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women undergoing evaluation for chest pain: results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:2009-14.
42. Kip KE, Marroquin OC, Shaw LJ, Arant CB, Wessel TR, Olson MB, et al. Global inflammation predicts cardiovascular risk in women: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. Am Heart J. 2005;150:900-6.
43. Bueno H, Bardají A, Fernández-Ortiz A, Marrugat J, Martí H, Heras M, en nombre de los investigadores del Estudio DESCARTES. Manejo del síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST en España. Estudio DESCARTES (Descripción del Estado de los Síndromes Coronarios Agudos en un Registro Temporal Español). Rev Esp Cardiol. 2005;58:244-52.
44. Reina A, Colmenero M, Aguayo de Hoyos E, Arós F, Martí H, Claramonte R, et al, on behalf of the PRIAMHO II investigators. Gender differences in management and outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. En prensa.
45. Marrugat J, Sala J, Masia R, Pavesi M, Sanz G, Valle V, et al. Mortality differences between men and women following first myocardial infarction. RESCATE Investigators. Recursos Empleados en el Sindrome Coronario Agudo y Tiempo de Espera. JAMA. 1998;280:1405-9.
46. Gottlieb S, Harpaz D, Shotan A, Boyko V, Leor J, Cohen M, et al. Sex differences in management and outcome after acute myocardial infarction in the 1990s: A prospective observational community-based study. Israeli Thrombolytic Survey Group. Circulation. 2000;102:2484-90.
47. Tamis-Holland JE, Palazzo A, Stebbins AL, Slater JN, Boland J, Ellis SG, et al; GUSTO II-B Angioplasty Substudy Investigators. Benefits of direct angioplasty for women and men with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes Angioplasty (GUSTO II-B) Angioplasty Substudy. Am Heart J. 2004;147:133-9.
48. Mehilli J, Kastrati A, Dirschinger J, Pache J, Seyfarth M, Blasini R, et al. Sex-based analysis of outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated predominantly with percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2002;287:210-5.
49. Blomkalns AL, Chen AY, Hochman JS, Peterson ED, Trynosky K, Diercks DB, et al; CRUSADE Investigators. Gender disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: large-scale observations from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines) National Quality Improvement Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:832-7.
50. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS, Natarajan MK, et al; Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial (CURE) Investigators. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet. 2001;358:527-33.
51. Cho L, Topol EJ, Balog C, Foody JM, Booth JE, Cabot C, et al. Clinical benefit of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade with abciximab is independent of gender: pooled analysis from EPIC, EPILOG and EPISTENT trials. Evaluation of 7E3 for the Prevention of Ischemic Complications. Evaluation in Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty to Improve Long-Term Outcome with Abciximab GP IIb/IIIa blockade. Evaluation of Platelet IIb/IIIa Inhibitor for Stent. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:381-6.
52. Lansky AJ, Hochman JS, Ward PA, Mintz GS, Fabunmi R, Berger PB, et al; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association. Percutaneous coronary intervention and adjunctive pharmacotherapy in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2005;111:940-53.
53. Redberg RF. Gender, race, and cardiac care: why the differences? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1852-4.
54. Lincoff AM, Kleiman NS, Kereiakes DJ, Feit F, Bird JA, Jackman JD, et al; REPLACE-2 Investigators. Long-term efficacy of bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIa blockade vs heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary revascularization: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. JAMA. 2004;292:696-703.
55. Anand SS, Xie CC, Mehta S, Franzosi MG, Joyner C, Chrolavicius S, et al; CURE Investigators. Differences in the management and prognosis of women and men who suffer from acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1845-51.
56. Bittner V. Perspectives on dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1628-35.
57. Lansky AJ. Outcomes of percutaneous and surgical revascularization in women. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2004;46:305-19.
58. Lagerqvist B, Safstrom K, Stahle E, Wallentin L, Swahn E; FRISC II Study Group Investigators. Is early invasive treatment of unstable coronary artery disease equally effective for both women and men? FRISC II Study Group Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:41-8.
59. Glaser R, Herrmann HC, Murphy SA, Demopoulos LA, DiBattiste PM, Cannon CP, et al. Benefit of an early invasive management strategy in women with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2002;288:3124-9.
60. Vaccarino V, Parsons L, Every NR, Barron HV, Krumholz HM. Sex-based differences in early mortality after myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Participants. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:217-25.
61. Marrugat J, Anto JM, Sala J, Masia R. Influence of gender in acute and long-term cardiac mortality after a first myocardial infarction. REGICOR Investigators. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47:111-8.