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33744809632
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PEO is known to form aggregates in toluene (see ref 11), so solutions were warmed to ∼35°C before using. This was found by dynamic light scattering to break up any aggregates in solution.
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33744781635
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note
-
The organic solvent used as the middle phase is also important: dewetting takes place when the organic solvent is purely toluene, whereas, with pure chloroform, rupture and coalescence of the inner and outer aqueous phases is always seen. The PS-PEO diblock copolymer is not as effective as a surfactant at the water-chloroform interface as it is at the water-toluene interface, presumably because of the high solubility of PEO in chloroform (ref 16).
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16
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33744800628
-
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note
-
i due to the presence of PVA at the external interface and the compression of the outer interface during solvent evaporation. As a result, the numerical factor in eq 2 should be somewhere between 1 and 2.
-
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33744780013
-
-
note
-
Toluene and chloroform are good solvents for both the PS and PEO blocks; therefore, we do not expect the PEO block to be collapsed in solution.
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24
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0027576599
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33744798325
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g = 4.9 nm used in calculating the magnitude of depletion effects.
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33744826641
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While the driving force for spontaneous emulsification in this system is not well understood, the phenomenon is observed for all polymers considered here, and other groups have reported the same behavior in similar systems (see refs 36 and 37).
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4644318417
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33744818678
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note
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The limiting value of γ varies somewhat between measurements (± 0.5 mN/m) but does not depend strongly on block copolymer concentration in the range of 0.01-1 wt %.
-
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39
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33744784385
-
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note
-
The presence of PVA at the outer oil-water interface may also be important during solvent evaporation from double emulsion drops. However, compression isotherms with both PVA and PS-PEO present indicate that PS-PEO dominates the surface behavior.
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40
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33744797754
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note
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adh = 0.001 mN/m. This is much smaller than the characteristic values of γ on the order of 1 mN/m, as well as the estimated magnitude of the depletion interaction. However, the observation of vanishing interfacial tension means that even van der Waals forces may be large enough to drive dewetting under some conditions.
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