The relation between menarche and the age of first symptoms in a multiple sclerosis cohort

Multiple Sclerosis

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 333-339

  Sloka, J Scott ^a   Pryse Phillips, W E M ^b   Stefanelli, M ^b  

^a MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND   (Canada)

^b Health Sciences Centre St John's   (Canada)

Author keywords

Menarche; Multiple sclerosis; Newfoundland

Indexed keywords

STEROID HORMONE;

ARTICLE; CANADA; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENARCHE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; ONSET AGE; PREVALENCE; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STUDENT T TEST; SYMPTOM; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE OF ONSET; CHILD; COHORT STUDIES; DATA COLLECTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MENARCHE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING; NEWFOUNDLAND; PREVALENCE;

EID: 33744783364     PISSN: 13524585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/135248506ms1267oa     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Sloka J, Pryse-Phillips WE, Stefanelli M. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Newfoundland and Labrador. Can J Neurol Sci 2005; 32: 37-42.
2. Rahman P, Jones A, Curtis J, Bartlett S, Peddle L, Fernandez BA et al. The Newfoundland population: a unique resource for genetic investigation of complex diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12 Spec No. 2: R167-72.
3. Mannion JJ. The peopling of Newfoundland: essays in historic geography. Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1977.
4. Statistics Canada. 2001 Population Census. 2001.
5. Bear JC, Nemec TF, Kennedy JC, Marshall WH, Power AA, Kolonel VM et al. Inbreeding in outport Newfoundland. Am J Med Genet 1988; 29: 649-60.
6. Bear JC, Nemec TF, Kennedy JC, Marshall WH, Power AA, Kolonel VM et al. Persistent genetic isolation in outport Newfoundland. Am J Med Genet 1987; 27: 807-30.
7. Martin LJ, Crawford MH, Koertvelyessy T, Keeping D, Collins M, Huntsman R. The population structure of ten Newfoundland outports. Hum Biol 2000; 72: 997-1016.
8. Wolfson C, Wolfson DB. The latent period of multiple sclerosis: a critical review. Epidemiology 1993; 4: 464-70.
9. Sloka J. The epidemiology study in multiple sclerosis - relevance to natural history. McGill J Med 2003; 7: 41-50.
10. Schumacher GA, Beebe G, Kibler RF, Kurland LT, Kurtzke JF, McDowell F et al. Problems of experimental trials of therapy in multiple sclerosis: report by the Panel on the Evaluation of Experimental Trials of Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1965; 122: 552-68.
11. Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, McDonald WI, Davis FA, Ebers GC et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 227-31.
12. McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G, Goodkin D, Hartung HP, Lublin FD et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 121-27.
13. Lublin FD, Reingold SC. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 46: 907-11.
14. Larsen JP, Kvaale G, Riise T, Nyland H, Aarli JA. Multiple sclerosis - more than one disease? Acta Neurol Scand 1985; 72: 145-50.
15. Weinshenker BG. Progressive forms of MS: classification streamlined or consensus overturned? Lancet 2000; 355: 162-63.
16. Thompson AJ, Polman CH, Miller DH, McDonald WI, Brochet B, Filippi MM et al. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1997; 120: 1085-96.
17. Boxel-Dezaire AH, Smits M, Trigt-Hoff SC, Killestein J, van Houwelingen JC, Polman CH et al. Cytokine and IL-12 receptor mRNA discriminate between different clinical subtypes in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 120: 152-60.
18. Olerup O, Hillert J, Fredrikson S, Olsson T, Kam-Hansen S, Moller E et al. Primarily chronic progressive and relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis: two immunogenetically distinct disease entities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 7113-17.
19. Weinshenker BG, Santrach P, Bissonet AS, McDonnell SK, Schaid D, Moore SB et al. Major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and the course and outcome of MS: a population-based study. Neurology 1998; 51: 742-47.
20. Hillert J, Gronning M, Nyland H, Link H, Olerup O. An immunogenetic heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55: 887-90.
21. Bashir K, Whitaker JN. Clinical and laboratory features of primary progressive and secondary progressive MS. Neurology 1999; 53: 765-71.
22. Motulsky H. Intuitive biostatistics. Oxford University Press, 1995.
23. Hacker NF, Moore JG. Essentials of obstetrics and gynecology. WB Saunders Company, 1998.
24. Kettyle WM, Arky RA. Endocrine pathophysiology. Lippincott-Raven, 1998.
25. Romeo RD, Richardson HN, Sisk CL. Puberty and the maturation of the male brain and sexual behavior: recasting a behavioral potential. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2002; 26: 381-91.
26. Romeo RD. Puberty: a period of both organizational and activational effects of steroid hormones on neurobehavioural development. J Neuroendocrinol 2003; 15: 1185-92.
27. Andersen SL. Trajectories of brain development: point of vulnerability or window of opportunity? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2003; 27: 3-18.
28. Lucky AW, Rich BH, Rosenfield RL, Fang VS, Roche-Bender N. LH bioactivity increases more than immunoreactivity during puberty. J Pediatr 1980; 97: 205-13.
29. Grumbach MM, Styne DM. Puberty: ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology, and disorders. In Wilson JD, Foster DW, Kronenberg HM, Larsen PR eds. Williams textbook of endocrinology. WB Saunders Company, 1998: 1525-1601.
30. Cumming DC. Menarche, menses, and menopause: a brief review. Cleve Clin J Med 1990; 57: 169-75.
31. Romeo RD, McEwen BS. The effects of steroid hormones on the brain. Academic Press, 2004.
32. Grigoriadis S, Seeman MV. The role of estrogen in schizophrenia: implications for schizophrenia practice guidelines for women. Can J Psychiatry 2002; 47: 437-42.
33. Halbreich U, Kahn LS. Role of estrogen in the aetiology and treatment of mood disorders. CNS Drugs 2001; 15: 797-817.
34. Yokosuka M, Okamura H, Hayashi S. Transient expression of estrogen receptor-immunoreactivity (ERIR) in the layer V of the developing rat cerebral cortex. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1995; 84: 99-108.
35. Arvanitis DN, Wang H, Bagshaw RD, Callahan JW, Boggs JM. Membrane-associated estrogen receptor and caveolin-1 are present in central nervous system myelin and oligodendrocyte plasma membranes. J Neurosci Res 2004; 75: 603-13.
36. McEwen BS. Non-genomic and genomic effects of steroids on neural activity. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1991; 12: 141-47.
37. Mermelstein PG, Becker JB, Surmeier DJ. Estradiol reduces calcium currents in rat neostriatal neurons via a membrane receptor. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 595-604.
38. Tischkau SA, Ramirez VD. A specific membrane binding protein for progesterone in rat brain: sex differences and induction by estrogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 1285-89.
39. Ojeda SR, Prevot V, Heger S, Lomniczi A, Dziedzic B, Mungenast A. The neurobiology of female puberty. Horm Res 2003; 60: 15-20.
40. Lee PA, Guo SS, Kulin HE. Age of puberty: data from the United States of America. APMIS 2001; 109: 81-88.
41. Viner R. Splitting hairs. Arch Dis Child 2002; 86: 8-10.
42. Okasha M, McCarron P, McEwen J, Smith GD. Age at menarche: secular trends and association with adult anthropometric measures. Ann Hum Biol 2001; 28: 68-78.
43. Kato I, Toniolo P, Koenig KL, Shore RE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Akhmedkhanov A et al. Epidemiologic correlates with menstrual cycle length in middle aged women. Eur J Epidemiol 1999; 15: 809-14.
44. Harlow BL, Cohen LS, Otto MW, Spiegelman D, Cramer DW. Early life menstrual characteristics and pregnancy experiences among women with and without major depression: the Harvard study of moods and cycles. J Affect Disord 2004; 79: 167-76.
45. Clavel-Chapelon F. Differential effects of reproductive factors on the risk of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer. Results from a large cohort of French women. Br J Cancer 2002; 86: 723-27.
46. Salemi G, Callari G, Gammino M, Battaglieri F, Cammarata E, Cuccia G et al. The relapse rate of multiple sclerosis changes during pregnancy: a cohort study. Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 110: 23-26.
47. Vukusic S, Hutchinson M, Hours M, Moreau T, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Adeleine P et al. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis (the PRIMS study): clinical predictors of post-partum relapse. Brain 2004; 127: 1353-60.
48. Takao T, Flint N, Lee L, Ying X, Merrill J, Chandross KJ. 17beta-estradiol protects oligodendrocytes from cytotoxicity induced cell death. J Neurochem 2004; 89: 660-73.
49. Palaszynski KM, Liu H, Loo KK, Voskuhl RR. Estriol treatment ameliorates disease in males with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 149: 84-89.
50. Zorgdrager A, De Keyser J. The premenstrual period and exacerbations in multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol 2002; 48: 204-206.
51. Hernan MA, Hohol MJ, Olek MJ, Spiegelman D, Ascherio A. Oral contraceptives and the incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2000; 55: 848-54.
52. Thorogood M, Hannaford PC. The influence of oral contraceptives on the risk of multiple sclerosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 105: 1296-99.
53. Leibowitz U, Kahana E, Alter M. The changing frequency of multiple sclerosis in Israel. Arch Neurol 1973; 29: 107-10.
54. Alter M, Kahana E, Loewenson R. Migration and risk of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1978; 28: 1089-93.
55. Alter M, Okihiro M, Rowley W, Morris T. Multiple sclerosis among Caucasians and Orientals in Hawaii. Neurology 1970; 20: 399.
56. Alter M, Leibowitz U, Speer J. Risk of multiple sclerosis related to age at immigration to Israel. Arch Neurol 1966; 15: 234-37.
57. Dean G, Elian M. Age at immigration to England of Asian and Caribbean immigrants and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 63: 565-68.
58. Detels R, Visscher BR, Haile RW, Malmgren RM, Dudley JP, Coulson AH. Multiple sclerosis and age at migration. Am J Epidemiol 1978; 108: 386-93.
59. Hammond SR, English DR, McLeod JG. The age-range of risk of developing multiple sclerosis: evidence from a migrant population in Australia. Brain 2000; 123: 968-74.
60. Gale CR, Martyn CN. Migrant studies in multiple sclerosis. Prog Neurobiol 1995; 47: 425-48.
61. Hammond SR, English D, de Wytt C, Maxwell IC, Millingen KS, Stewart-Wynne EG et al. The clinical profile of MS in Australia: a comparison between medium- and high-frequency prevalence zones. Neurology 1988; 38: 980-86.
62. Fischman HR. Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage process? Am J Epidemiol 1981; 114: 244-52.
63. Alter M, Halpern L, Bornstein B. Multiple sclerosis in Israel. Arch Neurol 1962; 7: 253-63.
64. Kurland L, Reed D. Geographic and climatic aspects of multiple sclerosis: a review of current hypotheses. Am J Public Health 1964; 54: 588-97.
65. Poser CM, Benedikz J, Hibberd PL. The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: the Iceland model. Onset-adjusted prevalence rate and other methodological considerations. J Neurol Sci 1992; 111: 143-52.
66. Sloka JS, Pryse-Phillips WEM, Stefanelli M. Multiple sclerosis in Newfoundland and Labrador - a model for disease prevalence. Can J Neurol Sci 2005; 32: 43-49.
67. Frisch RE. Body fat, menarche and reproductive ability. Sem Reprod Endocrinol 1985; 3: 45-54.
68. Kirkwood RN, Cumming DC, Aherne FX. Nutrition and puberty in the female. Proc Nutr Soc 1987; 46: 177-92.
69. Cumming DC. The reproductive effects of exertion. Curr Probl Obstet Cynecol Infertil 1987; 10: 231-85.
70. Andersen SL, Arvanitogiannis A, Pliakas AM, LeBlanc C, Carlezon WA, Jr. Altered responsiveness to cocaine in rats exposed to methylphenidate during development. Nat Neurosci 2002; 5: 13-14.
71. Spear LP. The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2000; 24: 417-63.
72. Benes FM. Emerging principles of altered neural circuitry in schizophrenia. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2000; 31: 251-69.
73. Weinberger DR. Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 660-69.