Brazilian biomedical and epidemiological research vis-à-vis the UNGASS targets;Pesquisas brasileiras biomédicas e epidemiológicas face às metas da UNGASS

Revista de Saude Publica

Volumn 40, Issue SUPPL., 2006, Pages 31-41

  Bastos, Francisco Inácio ^a   Hacker, Mariana A ^a  

^a INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, epidemiology; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, prevention control; AIDS vaccines; Biomedical technology, trends; Drug resistance; Technological development, trends; Viral

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; GENERIC DRUG; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE; TABERNANTHINE;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COST CONTROL; DATA BASE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG COST; DRUG SAFETY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCIDENCE; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION RISK; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NONHUMAN; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; SEROCONVERSION; VIRUS RESISTANCE; VIRUS STRAIN;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS VACCINES; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; BRAZIL; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; DRUG RESISTANCE, VIRAL; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV SEROPOSITIVITY; HUMANS; INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; MALE; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; UNITED NATIONS;

EID: 33744475606     PISSN: 00348910     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0034-89102006000700006     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Alves MT, Silva AA, Nemes MI, Brito LG. Tendências da incidência e da mortalidade por Aids no Maranhão, 1985 a 1998. Rev Saúde Pública. 2003;37(2):177-82.
2. Anderson R, Hanson M. Potential public health impact of imperfect HIV type 1 vaccines. J Infect Dis. 2005;191 Suppl 1:85-96.
3. Antunes JL, Waldman EA, Borrell C. Is it possible to reduce AIDS deaths without reinforcing socioeconomic inequalities in health? Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34(3):586-92.
4. Barbosa JP, Pereira RC, Abrantes JL, Cirne dos Santos CC, Rebello MA, Frugulhetti IC et al. In vitro antiviral diterpenes from the Brazilian brown alga Dictyota pfaffii. Planta Med. 2004;70(9):856-60.
5. Barbosa MT, Struchiner CJ. Impacto da terapia antiretroviral na magnitude da epidemia do HIV/Aids no Brasil: diversos cenários. Cad Saúde Pública. 2003;19(2):535-41.
6. Barroso PF, Harrison LH, Melo M de F, Batista SM, da Silva Bastos M, da Rosa Faulhaber JC et al. Identification of a high-risk heterosexual cohort for HIV vaccine efficacy trials in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using a sensitive/less-sensitive assay: an update. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;36(3):880-1.
7. Berkman A, Garcia J, Munoz-Laboy M, Paiva V, Parker R. A critical analysis of the Brazilian response to HIV/AIDS: lessons learned for controlling and mitigating the epidemic in developing countries. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(7):1162-72.
8. Blower S. Modeling the potential public health impact of imperfect HIV vaccines. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(8):1494-5.
9. Blower SM, Bodine EN, Grovit-Ferbas K. Predicting the potential public health impact of disease-modifying HIV vaccines in South Africa: the problem of subtypes. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord. 2005;5(2):179-92.
10. Blower S, Bodine E, Kahn J, McFarland W. The antiretroviral rollout and drug-resistant HIV in Africa: insights from empirical data and theoretical models. AIDS. 2005;19(1):1-14.
11. Bonolo P de F, Cesar CC, Acurcio FA, Ceccato MG, de Padua CA, Alvares J et al. Non-adherence among patients initiating antiretroviral therapy: a challenge for health professionals in Brazil. AIDS. 2005;19 Suppl 4:5-13.
12. Brantley RK, Williams KR, Silva TM, Sistrom M, Thielman NM, Ward H et al. AIDS-associated diarrhea and wasting in Northeast Brazil is associated with subtherapeutic plasma levels of antiretroviral medications and with both bovine and human subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum. Braz J Infect Dis. 2003;7(1):16-22.
13. Brigido LF, Rodrigues R, Casseb J, Oliveira D, Rossetti M, Menezes P et al. Impact of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients at a university public service in Brazil. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2001;15(11):587-93.
14. Brindeiro PA, Brindeiro RM, Mortensen C, Hertogs K, De Vroey V, Rubini NP et al. Testing genotypic and phenotypic resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates of clade B and other clades from children failing antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(12):4512-9.
15. Brindeiro RM, Diaz RS, Sabino EC, Morgado MG, Pires IL, Brigido L et al. Brazilian Network for HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance (HIV-BResNet): a survey of chronically infected individuals. AIDS. 2003;17(7):1063-9.
16. Brito AM, Castilho EA, Szwarcwald CL. Regional patterns of the temporal evolution of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. Braz J Infect Dis. 2005;9(1):9-19.
17. Buss P, Temporâo JG, Carvalheiro JR. Vacinas, soros e imunizações no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Ed Fiocruz; 2005.
18. Calazans G, Araujo TW, Venturi G, França Junior I. Factors associated with condom use among youth aged 15-24 years in Brazil in 2003. AIDS. 2005;19 Suppl 4:42-50.
19. Campos DP, Ribeiro SR, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Valente JG, Bastos FI et al. Survival of AIDS patients using two case definitions, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1986-2003. AIDS. 2005;19 Suppl 4:22-6.
20. Carmody ER, Diaz T, Starling P, dos Santos AP, Sacks HS. An evaluation of antiretroviral HIV/AIDS treatment in a Rio de Janeiro public clinic. Trop Med Int Health. 2003;8(5):378-85.
21. Carneiro M, Cardoso FA, Greco M, Oliveira E, Andrade J, Greco DB et al. Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in homosexual and bisexual men screened for admission to a cohort study of HIV negatives in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Project Horizonte. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2003;98(3):325-9.
22. Carvalho CV, Duarte DB, Merchan-Hamann E, Bicudo E, Laguardia J. Determinantes da aderência à terapia anti-retroviral combinada em Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 1999-2000. Cad Saúde Pública. 2003;19(2):593-604.
23. Castro E, Echeverria G, Deibis L, Gonzalez de Salmen B, dos Santos Moreira A, Guimaraes ML et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Venezuela: high prevalence of HIV-1 subtype B and identification of a B/ F recombinant infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32(3):338-44.
24. Chequer P, Hearst N, Hudes ES, Castilho E, Rutherford G, Loures L et al. Determinants of survival in adult Brazilian AIDS patients, 1982-1989. The Brazilian State AIDS Program Co-Ordinators. AIDS. 1992;6(5):483-7.
25. Chuenchitra T, Wasi C, Louisirirojchanakul S, Nitayaphan S, Sutthent R, Cox JH et al. Longitudinal study of humoral immune responses in HIV type 1 subtype CRF01Æ (E)-infected Thai patients with different rates of disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2003;19(4):293-305.
26. Couto-Fernandez JC, Morgado MG, Bongertz V, Tanuri A, Andrade T, Brites C et al. HIV-1 subtyping in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil: a city with African sociodemographic characteristics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999;22(3):288-93.
27. Couto-Fernandez JC, Silva-de-Jesus C, Veloso VG, Rachid M, Gracie RS, Chequer-Fernandez SL et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotyping in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessing subtype and drug-resistance associated mutations in HIV-1 infected individuals failing highly active antiretroviral therapy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2005;100(1):73-8.
28. Coplan PM, Gupta SB, Dubey SA, Pitisuttithum P, Nikas A, Mbewe B et al. Cross-reactivity of anti-HIV-1 T-cell immune responses among the major HIV-1 clades in HIV-1-positive individuals from 4 continents. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(9):1427-34.
29. De Jesus E, McCarty D, Farthing CF, Shortino DD, Grinsztejn B, Thomas DA et al. Once-daily versus twice-daily lamivudine, in combination with zidovudine and efavirenz, for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV infection: a randomized equivalence trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(3):411-8.
30. Dumans AT, Soares MA, Pieniazek D, Kalish ML, De Vroey V, Hertogs K et al. Prevalence of protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance mutations over time in drug-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46(9):3075-9.
31. El-Far F, Medeiros EA, Gasparoto CT, Diaz RS. Antiretroviral drug resistance among patients with human immunodeficiency virus who act as sources or potential sources in occupational accidents involving healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005;26(9):782-8.
32. Ferraro GA, Mello MA, Sutmoller F, Van Weyenbergh J, Shindo N, Galvão-Castro B et al. Biological characterization and chemokine receptor usage of HIV type 1 isolates prevalent in Brazil. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001;17(13):1241-7.
33. Ferreira VM, Portela MC. Avaliação da subnotificação de casos de Aids no Município do Rio de Janeiro com base em dados do sistema de informações hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. Cad Saúde Pública. 1999;15(2):317-24.
34. Ferreira VM, Portela MC, Vasconcellos MT. Fatores associados à subnotificação de pacientes com Aids, no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 1996. Rev Saúde Pública. 2000;34(2):170-7.
35. Finkelstein DM, Schoenfeld DA. AIDS clinical trials. Nova York: Wiley-Liss; 1995.
36. Gadelha SR, Shindo N, Cruz JN, Morgado MG, Galvao-Castro B. Molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in the state of Ceará, Northeast, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2003;98(4):461-3.
37. Galvão J. Access to antiretroviral drugs in Brazil. Lancet. 2002;360(9348):1862-5.
38. Galvão J. Brazil and access to HIV/AIDS drugs: a question of human rights and public health. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(7):1110-6.
39. Gupta N, Silva AC, Passos LN. The role of integrated home-based care in patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2005;38(3):241-5.
40. Hacker MA, Petersen ML, Enriquez M, Bastos FI. Highly active antiretroviral therapy in Brazil: the challenge of universal access in a context of social inequality. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2004;16(2):78-83.
41. Hofer CB, Harrison LH, Struchiner CJ, Moreira RI, do Lago RF, de Melo MF et al. Acute retrovirus syndrome among prospectively identified homosexual men with incident HIV infection in Brazil. Projecto Praca Onze Study Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;25(2):188-91.
42. Johnson M, Grinsztejn B, Rodriguez C, Coco J, De Jesus E, Lazzarin A et al. Atazanavir plus ritonavir or saquinavir, and lopinavir/ritonavir in patients experiencing multiple virological failures. AIDS. 2005;19(7):685-94.
43. Kano EK, dos Reis Serra CH, Koono EE, Andrade SS, Porta V. Determination of lamivudine in human plasma by HPLC and its use in bioequivalence studies. Int J Pharm. 2005;297(1-2):73-9.
44. Kvale D, Kran AM, Sommerfelt MA, Nyhus J, Baksaas I, Bruun JN et al. Divergent in vitro and in vivo correlates of HIV-specific T-cell responses during onset of HIV viraemia. AIDS. 2005;19(6):563-7.
45. Laurentino RV, Lopes IG, Azevedo VN, Machado LF, Moreira MR, Lobato L et al. Molecular characterization of human T-cell lymphothropic virus coinfecting human immunodeficiency virus 1 infected patients in the Amazon region of Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2005;100(4):371-6.
46. Laurito TL, Santagada V, Caliendo G, Oliveira CH, Barrientos-Astigarraga RE, De Nucci G. Nevirapine quantification in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Application to bioequivalence study. J Mass Spectrom. 2002;37(4):434-41.
47. Lignani L Jr, Oliveira EI, Carneiro M, Greco M, Andrade J, Antunes CM et al. Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual and bisexual males from a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus negative volunteers (Project Horizonte), Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2000;95(6):783-5.
48. Machado DM, Fernandes SC, Succi RC, Freire WS, Pannuti CS, Gouveia AB et al. Análise da protease e transcriptase reversa do HIV-1 em crianças com falha terapêutica em uso de terapia anti-retroviral altamente eficaz (HAART). Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2005;47(1):1-5.
49. Machado ES, Lambert JS, Afonso AO, Cunha SM, Oliveira RH, Tanuri A et al. Alternative, age- and viral load-related routes of nelfinavir resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(11):1057-9.
50. Malavazi I, Abrao EP, Mikawa AY, Landgraf VO, da Costa PI. Abnormalities in apolipoprotein and lipid levels in an HIV-infected Brazilian population under different treatment profiles: the relevance of apolipoprotein E genotypes and immunological status. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004;42(5):525-32.
51. Malta M, Petersen ML, Clair S, Freitas F, Bastos FI. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a qualitative study with physicians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2005;21(5):1424-32.
52. Marins JR, Barros MB, Machado H, Chen S, Jamal LF. Hearst N. Characteristics and survival of AIDS patients with hepatitis C: the Brazilian National Cohort of 1995-1996. AIDS. 2005;19 Suppl 4:27-30.
53. Marins JR, Jamal LF, Chen SY, Barros MB, Hudes ES, Barbosa AA et al. Dramatic improvement in survival among adult Brazilian AIDS patients. AIDS. 2003;17(11):1675-82.
54. Massad E, Coutinho FAB, Burattini MN, Lopez LF, Struchiner CJ. Modeling the impact of imperfect HIV vaccines on the incidence of the infection. Math Comput Model. 2001;34(3-4):345-51.
55. Massad E, Coutinho FA, Burattini MN, Lopez LF, Struchiner CJ. The impact of imperfect vaccines on the evolution of HIV virulence. Med Hypotheses. 2006;66(5):907-11.
56. Modi WS, Goedert JJ, Strathdee S, Buchbinder S, Detels R, Donfield S et al. MCP-1-MCP-3-Eotaxin gene cluster influences HIV-1 transmission. AIDS. 2003;17(16):2357-65.
57. Nemes MI, Carvalho HB, Souza MF. Antiretroviral therapy adherence in Brazil. AIDS. 2004;18 Suppl 3:15-20.
58. Pecanha EP, Figueiredo LJ, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A, Calazans AR, Antunes OA. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of new C2 symmetric derivatives designed as HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Farmaco. 2003;58(2):149-57.
59. Pereira HS, Leão-Ferreira LR, Moussatche N, Teixeira VL, Cavalcanti DN, Costa LI et al. Antiviral activity of diterpenes isolated from the Brazilian marine alga Dictyota menstrualis against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Antiviral Res. 2004;64(1):69-76.
60. Perisse AR, Schechter M, Moreira RI, do Lago RF, Santoro-Lopes G, Harrison LH. Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials among men who have sex with men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Projeto Praca Onze Study Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;25(5):459-63.
61. Pinheiro CA, de-Carvalho-Leite JC, Drachler ML, Silveira VL. Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients: a cross-sectional study in Southern Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2002;35(10):1173-81.
62. Pires IL, Soares MA, Speranza FA, Ishii SK, Vieira MC, Gouvea MI et al. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance mutations and subtypes in drug-naive, infected individuals in the army health service of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(1):426-30.
63. Remien RH, Bastos FI, Berkman A, Terto V Jr, Raxach JC, Parker RG. Universal access to antiretroviral therapy may be the best approach to 'Do no harm' in developing countries: the Brazilian experience. AIDS. 2003;17(5):786-7.
64. Renjufi B, Gilbert P, Chaplin B, Msamanga G, Mwakagile D, Fawzi W, et al. Preferential in-utero transmission of HIV-1 subtype C as compared to HIV-1 subtype A or D. AIDS. 2004:18(12):1629-36.
65. Salemi M, de Oliveira T, Soares MA, Pybus O, Dumans AT, Vandamme AM et al. Different epidemic potentials of the HIV-1B and C subtypes. J Mol Evol. 2005;60(5):598-605.
66. Santos CP, Felipe YX, Braga PE, Ramos D, Lima RO, Segurado AC. Self-perception of body changes in persons living with HIV/AIDS: prevalence and associated factors. AIDS. 2005;19 Suppl 4:14-21.
67. Saraceni V, da Cruz MM, Lauria L de M, Durovni B. Trends and characteristics of AIDS mortality in the Rio de Janeiro city after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Braz J Infect Dis. 2005;9(3):209-15.
68. Schechter M, do Lago RF, Mendelsohn AB, Moreira RI, Moulton LH, Harrison LH et al. Behavioral impact, acceptability, and HIV incidence among homosexual men with access to post-exposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;35(5):519-25.
69. Silva EM, Cirne-Santos CC, Frugulhetti IC, Galvão-Castro B, Saraiva EM, Kuehne ME et al. Anti-HIV-1 activity of the Iboga alkaloid congener 18-methoxycoronaridine. Planta Med. 2004;70(9):808-12.
70. Silveira MP, Draschler Mde L, Leite JC, Pinheiro CA, da Silveira VL. Predictors of undetectable plasma viral load in HIV-positive adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Southern Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis. 2002;6(4):164-71.
71. Soares EA, Martinez AM, Souza TM, Santos AF, Hora VD, Silveira J, Bastos FI, Tanuri A, Soares MA. HIV-1 subtype C dissemination in southern Brazil. AIDS. 2005;19 Suppl 4:81-6.
72. Soares MA, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A. Primary HIV-1 drug resistance in Brazil. AIDS. 2004;18 Suppl 3:9-13.
73. Soares MA, De Oliveira T, Brindeiro RM, Diaz RS, Sabino EC, Brigido L et al. A specific subtype C of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 circulates in Brazil. AIDS. 2003;17(1):11-21.
74. Souza CT, Bastos FI, Lowndes CM, Szwarcwald CL, dos Santos EM, Castilho EA et al. Perception of vulnerability to HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual/bisexual men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AIDS Care. 1999;11(5):567-79.
75. Souza CT, Diaz T, Sutmoller F, Bastos FI. The association of socioeconomic status and use of crack/cocaine with unprotected anal sex in a cohort of men who have sex with men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;29(1):95-100.
76. Souza CT, Lowndes CM, Szwarcwald CL, Sutmoller F, Bastos FI. Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials among a sample of men who have sex with men, with and without a history of commercial sex, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AIDS Care. 2003;15(4):539-48.
77. Souza Junior PR, Szwarcwald CL, Barbosa Junior A, Carvalho MF, Castilho EA. Infecção pelo HIV durante a gestação: Estudo-Sentinela Parturiente, Brasil, 2002. Rev Saúde Pública. 2004;38(6):764-72.
78. Stewart JM, Ferreira SH, Greene LJ. Bradykinin potentiating peptide PCA-Lys-Trp-Ala-Pro. An inhibitor of the pulmonary inactivation of bradykinin and conversion of angiotensin I to II. Biochem Pharmacol. 1971:20(7):1557-67.
79. Sutmoller F, Penna TL, de Souza CT, Lambert J, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation STD/HIV Prevention Group. Human immunodeficiency virus incidence and risk behavior in the 'Projeto Rio': results of the first 5 years of the Rio de Janeiro open cohort of homosexual and bisexual men, 1994-98. Int J Infect Dis. 2002;6(4):259-65.
80. Szwarcwald CL, Castilho EA. Estimativa do número de pessoas de 15 a 49 anos infectadas pelo HIV, Brasil, 1998. Cad Saúde Pública. 2000;16 Suppl 1:135-41.
81. Szwarcwald CL, Castilho EA, Barbosa A Jr, Gomes MR, Costa EA, Maletta BV et al. Comportamento de risco dos conscritos do Exército Brasileiro, 1998: uma apreciação da infecção pelo HIV segundo diferenciais sócio-econômicos. Cad Saúde Pública. 2000;16 Suppl 1:113-28.
82. Szwarcwald CL, Barbosa-Junior A, Pascom AR, de Souza-Junior PR. Knowledge, practices and behaviours related to HIV transmission among the Brazilian population in the 15-54 years age group, 2004. AIDS. 2005;19 Suppl 4:S51-8.
83. Szwarcwald CL, de Carvalho MF, Barbosa Junior A, Barreira D, Speranza FA, Castilho EA. Temporal trends of HIV-related risk behavior among Brazilian military conscripts, 1997-2002. Clinics. 2005;60(5):367-74.
84. Tanuri A, Caridea E, Dantas MC, Morgado MG, Mello DL, Borges S, et al. Prevalence of mutations related to HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance in Brazilian patients failing HAART. J Clin Virol. 2002;25(1):39-46.
85. Teixeira PR, Vitoria MA, Barcarolo J. Antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor settings: the Brazilian experience. AIDS. 2004;18 Suppl 3:S5-7.
86. Tostes MA, Chalub M, Botega NJ. The quality of life of HIV-infected women is associated with psychiatric morbidity. AIDS Care. 2004;16(2):177-86.
87. Tuboi SH, Harrison LH, Sprinz E, Albernaz RK, Schechter M. Predictors of virologic failure in HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy in Porto Alegre, Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;40(3):324-8.
88. van Leth F, Andrews S, Grinsztejn B, Wilkins E, Lazanas MK, Lange JM et al. The effect of baseline CD4-cell count and HIV-1 viral load on the efficacy and safety of nevirapine or efavirenz-based first-line HAART. AIDS. 2005:19(5):463-71.
89. van Leth F, Phanuphak P, Stroes E, Gazzard B, Cahn P, Raffi F et al. Nevirapine and efavirenz elicit different changes in lipid profiles in antiretroviral-therapy-naive patients infected with HIV-1. PLoS Med. 2004;1(1):e19.
90. Velarde-Dunois KG, Guimaraes ML, La Fuente C, Andrade R, Arevalo R, Pantoja S et al. Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals from Bolivia reveals the presence of two distinct genetic subtypes B and F. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2000;16(17):1921-6.
91. Velasque LS, Estrela R de C, Suarez-Kurtz G, Struchiner CJ. Estimating the genetic component (RGC) in pharmacokinetic variability of the antiretroviral didanosine among healthy Brazilians. AIDS. 2005;19 Suppl 4:76-80.
92. Vibhagool A, Cahn P, Schechter M, Smaill F, Soto-Ramirez L, Carosi G et al. Triple nucleoside treatment with abacavir plus the lamivudine/ zidovudine combination tablet (COM) compared to indinavir/COM in antiretroviral therapy-naive adults: results of a 48-week open-label, equivalence trial (CNA3014). Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20(7):1103-14.
93. Weiser SD, Guzman D, Riley ED, Clark R, Bangsberg DR. Higher rates of viral suppression with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors compared to single protease inhibitors are not explained by better adherence. HIV Clin Trials. 2004;5(5):278-87.
94. WHOQOL HIV Group. WHOQOL-HIV for quality of life assessment among people living with HIV and AIDS: results from the field test. AIDS Care. 2004;16(7):882-9.