Compatibility between wood production and other values and uses on forested lands: A problem analysis

USDA Forest Service - General Technical Report PNW

Volumn , Issue 564, 2002, Pages 1-51

  Peterson, Charles E ^a   Monserud, Robert A ^a  

^a PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Alternative silviculture; Aquatics; Biodiversity; Compatible wood production; Economics; Forest management; Joint production; Management options; Social acceptance; Wildlife

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SILVICULTURE; SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY; TIMBER INDUSTRY;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 33646991040     PISSN: 08874840     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Ager, A.A.; McGaughey, R.J. 1997. UTOOLS: microcomputer software for spatial analysis and landscape visualization. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-397. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 15 p.
2. Alexander, S.J.; McLain, R.J.; Blatner, K.A. 2001. Socio-economic research on non-timber forest products in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 13(3/4): 95-103.
3. Assmann, E. 1970. The principles of forest yield study. New York: Pergamon Press. 506 p.
4. Aubry, K.B.; Amaranthus, M.P.; Halpern, C.B. [et al.]. 1999. Evaluating the effects of varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention: experimental design of the DEMO study. Northwest Science. 73(Special issue): 12-26.
5. Barbour, R.J. 1998. Landscape scale simulation of wood quality and quantity. Compatibility Initiative proposal 11. Unpublished report. 8 p. On file with: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Directors Office, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208.
6. Barbour, R.J.; Johnston, S.; Hayes, J.P.; Tucker, G.F. 1997. Simulated stand characteristics and wood product yields from Douglas-fir plantations managed for ecosystem objectives. Forest Ecology and Management. 91: 205-219.
7. Bisson, P.A.; Quinn, T.P.; Reeves, G.H.; Gregory, S.V. 1992. Best management practices, cumulative effects, and long-term trends in fish abundance in Pacific Northwest river systems. In: Naiman, R.J., ed. Watershed management: balancing sustainability and environmental change. New York: Springer-Verlag: 189-232.
8. Brevoort, P. 1998. The booming U.S. herb market. Herbalgram. 44: 33-48.
9. Carey, A.B. 1994. Biodiversity pathways: accelerating ecosystem development. In: Carey, A.B.; Elliot, C., eds. Washington forest landscape management project-progress report. Washington Forest Landscape Management Project Report 1. Olympia, WA: Washington Department of Natural Resources: 20-29.
10. Carey, A.B.; Elliott, C.; Lippke, B.R. [et al.]. 1996. A pragmatic ecological approach to small-landscape management. Washington forest landscape management project-final report. Washington Forest Landscape Management Project Report 2. Olympia, WA: Washington Department of Natural Resources. 99 p.
11. Carey, A.B.; Thysell, D.R.; Brodie, A.W. 1999. The forest ecosystem study: background, rationale, implementation, baseline conditions, and silvicultural assessment. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-457. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 129 p.
12. Castellano, M.A.; Molina, R. 1989. Mycorrhizae. In: Landis, T.D.; Tinus, R.W.; McDonald, S.E.; Barnett, J.P., eds. The container tree nursery manual. Agric. Handb. 674. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 101-167. Vol. 5.
13. Cázares, E.; Luoma, D.L.; Amaranthus, M.P. [et al.] 1999. Interaction of fungal sporocarp production with small mammal abundance and diet in Douglas-fir stands of the southern Cascade Range. Northwest Science. 73(Special issue): 64-76.
14. Christensen, G. 1997. Information needs in riparian reserve management and silviculture: a problem analysis. Draft report. 26 p. On file with: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208.
15. Cissel, J.H.; Swanson, F.J.; Grant, G.E. [et al.]. 1998. A landscape plan based on historical fire regimes for a managed forest ecosystem: the Augusta Creek study. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-422. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 82 p.
16. Curtis, R.O. 1982. A simple index of stand density for Douglas-fir. Forest Science. 28: 92-94.
17. Curtis, R.O. 1992. A new look at an old question-Douglas-fir culmination age. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 7(4): 97-99.
18. rd Ave., Olympia, WA 98512-9193.
19. Curtis, R.O. 1998. "Selective cutting" in Douglas-fir: history revisited. A new look at an old question-Douglas-fir culmination age. Journal of Forestry. 96(7): 40-44.
20. Curtis, R.O.; Carey, A.B. 1996. Timber supply in the Pacific Northwest: managing for economic and ecological values in Douglas-fir forests. Journal of Forestry. 94(9): 4-7, 35-37.
21. Curtis, R.O.; Marshall, D.D.; Bell, J.F. 1997. LOGS-a pioneering example of silvi-cultural research in coast Douglas-fir. Journal of Forestry. 95(7): 19-25.
22. Dennis, B.; Patil, G.P.; Rossi, O. [et al.]. 1979. A bibliography of literature on ecological diversity and related methodology. In: Grassle, J.F.; Patil, G.P.; Smith, W.K.; Taillie, C., eds. Ecological diversity in theory and practice. Fairland, MD: International Co-operative Publishing House: 319-353.
23. Dilworth, J.R. 1980. Growth of western hemlock stands after precommercial thinning. Res. Bull. 33. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, Forest Research Laboratory. 16 p.
24. Emmingham, W. 1998. Uneven-aged management in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Forestry. 96(7): 37-39.
25. Everest, F.H.; Swanston, D.N.; Shaw, C.G., III [et al.]. 1997. Evaluation of the use of scientific information in developing the 1997 forest plan for the Tongass National Forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-415. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 69 p.
26. Everett, Y. 2001. Participatory research for adaptive ecosystem management: a case of nontimber forest products. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 13(1/2): 335-357.
27. Fedra, K.A.; Winkelbauer, L.; Pantultt, V.B. 1991. Expert systems for environmental screening: an application in the lower Mekong basin. Research Report RR-91-19. Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. 169 p.
28. Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team [FEMAT]. 1993. Forest ecosystem management: an ecological, economic, and social assessment. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Department of the Interior [et al.]. [Irregular pagination].
29. Franklin, J.F. 1988. Pacific Northwest forests. In: Barbour, M.G.; Billings, W.D., eds. North American terrestrial vegetation. New York: Cambridge University Press: 103-130.
30. Franklin, J.F.; Dyrness, C.T. 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-8. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 417 p.
31. Freed, J. 1997. Special forest products: past, present and future. In: Drengson, A.; Taylor, D., eds. Ecoforestry. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers: 171-178.
32. Gobster, P.H. 1994. The aesthetic experience of sustainable forest ecosystems. In: Covington, W.; DeBano, L.F., eds. Sustainable ecological systems: implementing an ecological approach to land management. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-247. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 246-255.
33. Gobster, P.H. 1996. Forest aesthetics, biodiversity, and the perceived appropriateness of ecosystem management practices. In: Brunson, M.W.; Kruger, L.E.; Tyler, C.B.; Schroeder, S.A., eds. Defining social acceptability in ecosystem management: a workshop proceedings. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-369. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: 77-97.
34. Grassle, J.F.; Patil, G.P.; Smith, W.K.; Taillie, C. 1979. Ecological diversity in theory and practice. Fairland, MD: International Co-operative Publishing House. 365 p.
35. st century: the science of ecosystem management. Washington, DC: Island Press: 69-85.
36. Halpern, C.B.; Raphael, M.G., eds. 1999. Retention harvests in Northwestern forest ecosystems: the demonstration of ecosystem management options (DEMO) study. Northwest Science. 73(Special issue). 125 p.
37. rd Ave., Olympia, WA 98512-9193.
38. Harris, A.S.; Farr, W.A. 1974. The forest ecosystem of southeast Alaska: 7. Forest ecology and timber management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-25. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 109 p.
39. Harris, A.S.; Hutchison, O.K.; Meehan, W.R. [et al.]. 1974. The forest ecosystem of southeast Alaska: 1. The setting. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-12. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 40 p.
40. Haynes, R.W.; Monserud, R.A. 2002. A basis for understanding compatibility among wood production and other forest values. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-529. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 46 p.
41. Hirt, P. 1994. A conspiracy of optimism: management of the national forests since World War II. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 416 p.
42. Horwitz, E.C.J., ed. 1974. Clearcutting: a view from the top. Washington, DC: Acropolis. 188 p.
43. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources [IUCN]. 1991. Caring for the Earth: a strategy for sustainable living. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, United Nations Environment Programme, World Wildlife Fund. 200 p.
44. Isaac, L. 1943. Reproductive habits of the Douglas-fir. Washington, DC: Lathrop Pack Forestry Foundation. 107 p.
45. Iverson, W.D. 1985. And that's about the size of it: visual magnitude as a measurement of the physical landscape. Landscape Journal. 4:14-22.
46. Johnson, A.C.; Haynes, R.W.; Monserud, R.A., eds. 2002. Congruent management of multiple resources: proceedings from the wood compatibility initiative workshop. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-563. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 264 p.
47. rd Ave., Olympia, WA 98512-9193.
48. Kallio, M.; Dykstra, D.P.; Binkley, C.S. 1987. The global forest sector: an analytical perspective. New York: Wiley and Sons. 703 p.
49. Kimmins, J.P. 1992. Balancing act: environmental issues in forestry. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press. 244 p.
50. Kirkland, B.P.; Brandstrom, A.J.F. 1936. Selective timber management in the Douglas-fir region. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 126 p.
51. Little, S.; Bormann; B.; Bednar, L. [et al.]. 2000. Long-term ecosystem productivity (LTEP) program. Governing research plan for the integrated research sites. http://www.fsl.orst.edu/ltep/. (2 April 2000).
52. Loucks, D.M.; Knowe, S.A.; Shainsky, L.J.; Pancheco, A.A. 1996. Regenerating coastal forests in Oregon: an annotated bibliography of selected ecological literature. Res. Contrib. 14. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, Forest Research Laboratory. 122 p.
53. McArdle, R.E.; Meyer, W.H.; Bruce, D. 1961. The yield of Douglas-fir in the Pacific Northwest. Tech. Bull. 201, rev. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 72 p.
54. McClellan, M.H.; Swanston, D.N.; Hennon, P.E. [et al.]. 2000. Alternatives to clearcutting in the old-growth forests of southeast Alaska: study plan and establishment report. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-494. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 40 p.
55. McGaughey, R.J. 1997. Visualizing forest stand dynamics using the stand visualization system. In: Proceedings of the 1997 ACSM/ASPRS annual convention and exposition. [Bethesda, MD]: American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing: 248-257. Vol. 4.
56. st century: the science of ecosystem management. Washington, DC: Island Press: 315-336.
57. Monserud, R.A. 2002. Large-scale management experiments in the moist maritime forests of the Pacific Northwest. Landscape and Urban Planning. 59(3): 159-180.
58. Montgomery, D.R.; Buffington, J.M. 1997. Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 109(5): 596-611.
59. Nabuurs, G.J.; Nuutinen, T.; Bartelink, H.; Korhonen, M., eds. 1998. Forest scenario modeling for ecosystem management at landscape level. EFI Proc. No. 19. Joensuu, Finland: European Forestry Institute. 382 p.
60. Naiman, R.J.; Decamps, H.; Pollock, M. 1993. The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecological Applications. 3: 209-212.
61. Nassauer, J.I. 1992. The appearance of ecological systems as a matter of policy. Landscape Ecology. 6: 239-250.
62. National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. [NCASI]. 1999. Assessing effects of timber harvest on riparian zone features and functions for aquatic and wildlife habitat. Tech. Bull. 775. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. 37 p. [plus appendices].
63. Nystrom, M.N.; DeBell, D.S.; Oliver, C.D. 1984. Development of young growth western red cedar stands. Res. Pap. PNW-324. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 9 p.
64. Oliver, C.D.; Larson, B.C. 1990. Forest stand dynamics. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 467 p.
65. Olson, D.H.; Hansen, B.; Chan, S.; Cunningham, P. 1999. A synthesis of forested headwater habitats and species: a case study of the compatibility of resource production and protection. Progress report for the Compatibility Initiative study, 4/19/99. 37 p. [plus attachments]. On file with: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331.
66. Parminter, J. [et al.]. 1995. Biodiversity guidebook. Victoria, BC: BC Ministry of Forests, Ministry of Environment. 99 p.
67. Patil, C.P.; Taillie, C. 1979. An overview of diversity. In: Grassle, J.F.; Patil, G.P.; Smith, W.; Taillie, C., eds. Ecological diversity in theory and practice. Fairland, MD: International Co-operative Publishing House: 3-27.
68. Pielou, E.C. 1982. Diversity indices. In: Encyclopedia of statistical sciences. New York: John Wiley and Sons: 408-412. Vol. 2.
69. Progar, R.A.; Schowalter, T.D.; Work, T. 1999. Arboreal invertebrate responses to varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention in Northwestern forests. Northwest Science. 73(Special issue): 77-86.
70. Reeves, G.H.; Benda, L.E.; Burnett, K.M. [et al.]. 1995. A disturbance-based ecosystem approach to maintaining and restoring freshwater habitat of evolutionarily significant units of anadromous salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. [Place of publication unknown]: American Fisheries Society Symposium. 17: 334-349.
71. Reeves, G.H.; Everest, F.H.; Sedell, J.R. 1993. Diversity of juvenile anadromous salmonid assemblages in coastal Oregon basins with different levels of timber harvest. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 122(3): 309-317.
72. Reid, W.V.; Miller, K.R. 1989. Keeping options alive: the scientific basis for conserving biodiversity. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. 128 p.
73. Reukema, D.L. 1972. Twenty-one-year development of Douglas-fir stands repeatedly thinned at various intervals. Res. Pap. PNW-141. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 23 p.
74. Reukema, D.L. 1975. Fifty-year development of Douglas-fir stands planted at various spacings. Res. Pap. PNW-253. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 19 p.
75. Reutebuch, S.E.; Carson, W.W. 1997. A rigorous test of the accuracy of USGS digital elevation models in forested areas of Oregon and Washington. In: 1997 ACSM/ASPRS annual convention technical papers. Bethesda, MD: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing: 133-143. Vol. 1.
76. Reynolds, K.; Saunders, M.; Miller, B. [et al.]. 1997. An application framework for decision support in environmental assessment. In: GIS 97 conference proceedings of the eleventh annual symposium on geographic information systems. Washington, DC: GIS World: 333-337.
77. Ribe, R. 1999. Regeneration harvests versus clearcuts: public views of the acceptability and aesthetics of Northwest Forest Plan harvests. Northwest Science. 73(Special issue): 102-117.
78. Sachs, D.L.; Sollins, P.; Cohen, W.B. 1998. Detecting landscape changes in the interior of British Columbia from 1975 to 1992 using satellite imagery. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 28(1): 23-36.
79. Shugart, H.H. 1984. A theory of forest dynamics. New York: Springer-Verlag. 278 p.
80. Smith, J.P.; Gresswell, R.E.; Hayes, J.P. 1997. A research problem analysis in support of the cooperative forest ecosystem research (CFER) program. Corvallis, OR: [Publisher unknown]. Report, agreement H952A1-0101-25. Submitted to: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR. 92 p.
81. Spies, T.A.; Reeves, G.H.; Burnett, K.M. [et al.]. [In press]. Assessing the ecological consequences of forest policies in a multi-ownership province in Oregon. In: Liu, J.; Taylor, W.W., eds. Integrating landscape ecology into natural resource management. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
82. Swanson, F.J.; Gregory, S.V.; Sedell, J.R.; Campbell, A.G. 1982. Land-water interactions: the riparian zone. In: Edmonds, R.L., ed. Analysis of coniferous forest ecosystems in the Western United States. U.S. Intern. Biol. Prog. Synthesis Series 14. Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company: 267-291.
83. Tappeiner, J.C.; Huffman, D.; Marshall, D. [et al.]. 1997. Density, ages, and growth rates in old-growth and young-growth forests in coastal Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 27: 638-648.
84. Teck, R.; Moeur, M.; Adams, J., eds. 1997. Proceedings: forest vegetation simulator conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-373. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 222 p.
85. rd Ave., Olympia, WA 98512-9193.
86. Ulrich, R.S. 1986. Human responses to vegetation and landscapes. Landscape Urban Planning. 13: 29-44.
87. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1994. Alternatives to clearcutting in the old-growth forests of southeast Alaska. 69 p. [plus appendices]. Study plan on file with: Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545.
88. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1997a. Land and resource management plan: Tongass National Forest. R10-MB-338dd. [Juneau, AK]: Alaska Region. [Irregular pagination].
89. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1997b. Tongass land management plan revision: final environmental impact statement [FEIS]. Part 1. R10-MB-338b. [Juneau, AK]: Alaska Region. [Irregular pagination].
90. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service 1997c. Tongass land management plan revision: record of decision [ROD]. R10-MB-338a. [Juneau, AK]: Alaska Region. [Irregular pagination].
91. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 2000. National Forest System land and resource management planning. 36 CFR Parts 217 and 219 Federal Register 65(218): 67513-67581.
92. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 1994a. Final supplemental environmental impact statement on management of habitat for late-successional and old-growth forest related species within the range of the northern spotted owl. Washington, DC. Vols. 1 and 2. [Irregular pagination].
93. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 1994b. Record of decision for the President's forest plan. Washington, DC. 74 p. [plus appendices].
94. Vance, N.C. 1995. Medicinal plants rediscovered. Journal of Forestry. 93: 8-9.
95. Vance, N.C. 2002. Research in non-timber forest products: contributions of the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 13(3/4): 71-82.
96. Vance, N.C.; Borsting, M.; Pilz, D.; Freed, J. 2001. Special forest products: species information guide for the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-513. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 169 p.
97. Walstad, J.D.; Kuch, P.J., eds. 1987. Forest vegetation management for conifer production. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 523 p.
98. Walter, H. 1985. Vegetation of the Earth and ecological systems of the geobiosphere. 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag. 318 p.
99. Warila, J.E.; Boyle, J.R. 1995. Effects of forest practices on soils. In: Beschta, R.L.; Boyle, J.R.; Chambers, C.C. [et al.], comps. Cumulative effects of forest practices in Oregon: literature and synthesis. Final report. Chap. 6. On file with: Oregon Department of Forestry, 2600 State Street, Salem, OR 97310.
100. Williamson, R.L. 1973. Results of shelterwood harvesting of Douglas-fir in the Cascades of western Oregon. Res. Pap. PNW-161. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 13 p.
101. Worthington, N.P. 1953. Reproduction following small group cuttings in virgin Douglas-fir. Res. Note 84. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 5 p.
102. Zeide, B. 1998. Biodiversity: a mixed blessing. Bulletin Ecological Society of America. 79(3): 215-216.