Landscape structure and phenotypic plasticity in flight morphology in the butterfly Pararge aegeria

Oikos

Volumn 113, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 226-232

  Merckx, Thomas ^a,c   Van Dyck, Hans ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; AGRICULTURAL LAND; BUTTERFLY; GENETICS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION;

HEXAPODA; INSECTA; PARARGE AEGERIA; POACEAE;

EID: 33646881019     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: 16000706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14501.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Asher J. Warren M. Fox R. et al. 2001. The millenium atlas of butterflies in Britain and Ireland. Oxford Univ. Press.
2. Baker R. R.. 1984. The dilemma: when and how to go or to stay? Vane-Wright R. I. Ackery P. R. The biology of butterflies, 1989 edn. Academic Press 279 296.
3. Berwaerts, K. 2004. An integrated study of flight performance in the butterfly Pararge aegeria L.: performance, morphological design and genetics. - PhD thesis, Antwerp.
4. Berwaerts K. Van Dyck H. Van Dongen S. et al. 1998. Morphological and genetic variation in the speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria L.) among differently fragmented landscapes Neth. J. Zool. 48 : 241 253.
5. Berwaerts K. Van Dyck H. Aerts P.. 2002. Does flight morphology relate to flight performance? An experimental test with the butterfly Pararge aegeria Funct. Ecol. 16 : 484 491.
6. Brakefield P. M. Mazzotta V.. 1995. Matching field and laboratory environments: effect of neglecting daily temperature variation on insect reaction norms J. Evol. Biol. 8 : 559 573.
7. Cain A. J. Sheppard P. M.. 1954. Natural selection in Cepaea Genetics 39 : 89 116.
8. Dempster J. P.. 1991. Fragmentation, isolation and mobility of insect populations Collins N. M. Thomas J. A. Conservation of insects and their habitats. Academic Press 143 154.
9. Dempster J. P. King M. L. Lakhani K. H.. 1976. The status of the swallowtail butterfly in Britain Ecol. Entomol. 1 : 71 84.
10. Dover J. Sparks T.. 2000. A review of the ecology of butterflies in British hedgerows J. Environ. Manage. 60 : 51 63.
11. Dudley R.. 2000. Biomechanics of insect flight: form, function, evolution. Princeton Univ. Press.
12. Fahrig L.. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 34 : 487 515.
13. Fric Z. Konvicka M.. 2002. Generations of the polyphenic butterfly Araschnia levana differ in body design Evol. Ecol. Res. 4 : 1017 1032.
14. Hanski I.. 1999. Metapopulation ecology. Oxford Univ. Press.
15. Higgins, L. G. and Riley, N. D. 1993. A field guide to the butterflies of Britain and Europe (5th edition). - HarperCollins.
16. Hill J. K. Thomas C. D. Blakeley D. S.. 1999a. Evolution of flight morphology in a butterfly that has recently expanded its geographic range Oecologia 121 : 165 170.
17. Hill J. K. Thomas C. D. Lewis O. T.. 1999b. Flight morphology in fragmented populations of a rare British butterfly, Hesperia comma Biol. Conserv. 87 : 277 283.
18. Karlsson B. Van Dyck H.. 2005. Does habitat fragmentation affect temperature-related life-history traits? A laboratory test with a woodland butterfly Proc. R. Soc. B 272 : 1257 1263.
19. Littell R. C. Milliken G. A. Stroup W. W. et al. 1996. SAS System for mixed models. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
20. Lorenzon P. Clobert J. Massot M.. 2001. The contribution of phenotypic plasticity to adaptation in Lacerta vivipara Evolution 55 : 392 404.
21. Maes D. Van Dyck H.. 2001. Butterfly diversity loss in Flanders (north Belgium): Europe's worst case scenario? Biol. Conserv. 99 : 263 276.
22. McGeoch M. A. Gaston K. J.. 2000. Edge effects on the prevalence and mortality factors of Phytomyza ilicis (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in a suburban woodland Ecol. Lett. 3 : 23 29.
23. Meffe G. K. Carroll C. R.. 1997. Principles of conservation biology. Sinauer Ass.
24. Merckx T. Van Dyck H.. 2005. Mate location behaviour of the butterfly Pararge aegeria in woodland and fragmented landscapes Anim. Behav. 70 : 411 416.
25. Merckx T. Van Dyck H. Karlsson B. et al. 2003. The evolution of movements and behaviour at boundaries in different landscapes: a common arena experiment with butterflies Proc. R. Soc. B 270 : 1815 1821.
26. Miner B. G. Vonesh J. R.. 2004. Effects of fine grain environmental variability on morphological plasticity Ecol. Lett. 7 : 794 801.
27. Norberg U. Leimar O.. 2002. Spatial and temporal variation in flight morphology in the butterfly Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 77 : 445 453.
28. Nylin S. Gotthard K.. 1998. Plasticity in life-history traits Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43 : 63 83.
29. Nylin S. Wickman P.-O. Wiklund C.. 1989. Seasonal plasticity in growth and development of the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria (Satyrinae) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 38 : 155 171.
30. Nylin S. Wickman P.-O. Wiklund C.. 1995. Life-cycle regulation and life-history plasticity in the speckled wood butterfly - are reaction norms predictable Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 55 : 143 157.
31. Olivieri I. Gouyon P.-H.. 1997. Evolution of migration rate and other traits - the metapopulation effect Hanski I. A. Gilpin M. E. Metapopulation biology: ecology, genetics and evolution. Academic Press 293 323.
32. Optimas 1999. Optimas 6.5. User's guide and technical reference (9th ed.). - Optimas Corporation, Washington.
33. Price T. Qvarnström A. Irwin D. E.. 2003. The role of phenotypic plasticity in driving genetic evolution Proc. R. Soc. B 270 : 1433 1440.
34. Shapiro A. M.. 1976. Seasonal polyphenism Evol. Biol. 9 : 259 333.
35. Shreeve T. G.. 1986. Egg-laying by the speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria): the role of female behaviour, host plant abundance and temperature Ecol. Entomol. 11 : 229 236.
36. Shreeve T. G.. 1987. The mate-location behavior of the male speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, and the effect of phenotypic differences in hind-wing spotting Anim. Behav. 35 : 682 690.
37. Shreeve T. G.. 1992. Monitoring butterfly movements Dennis R. L. H. The ecology of butterflies in Britain. Oxford Univ. Press 120 138.
38. Sibly R. M. Winokur L. Smith R. H.. 1997. Interpopulation variation in phenotypic plasticity in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria Oikos 78 : 323 330.
39. Stevens D. J.. 2004. Pupal development temperature alters adult phenotype in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria J. Therm. Biol. 29 : 205 210.
40. Taylor P. D. Merriam G.. 1995. Wing morphology of a forest damselfly is related to landscape structure Oikos 73 : 43 48.
41. Thomas C. D. Hill J. K. Lewis O. T.. 1998. Evolutionary consequences of habitat fragmentation in a localized butterfly J. Anim. Ecol. 67 : 485 497.
42. Van Dyck H.. 2003. Mate-location: a matter of design? Adaptive morphological variation in the speckled wood butterfly Boggs C. L. Watt W. B. Ehrlich P. R. Butterflies: ecology and evolution taking flight. Univ. Chicago Press 353 366.
43. Van Dyck H. Matthysen E.. 1999. Habitat fragmentation and insect flight: a changing 'design' in a changing landscape Trends Ecol. Evol. 14 : 172 174.
44. Van Dyck H. Wiklund C.. 2002. Seasonal butterfly design: morphological plasticity among three developmental pathways relative to sex, flight and thermoregulation J. Evol. Biol. 15 : 216 225.
45. van Swaay, C. A. M. and Groenendijk, D. 2004. Vlinders en libellen onder de meetlat: jaarverslag 2003. - Rapport VS2004.011, De Vlinderstichting, Wageningen.
46. Verbeke G. Molenberghs G.. 2000. Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Springer-Verlag.
47. Watt W. B.. 2003. Mechanistic studies of butterfly adaptations Boggs C. L. Watt W. B. Ehrlich P. R. Butterflies: ecology and evolution taking flight. Univ. Chicago Press 319 352.
48. West-Eberhard M. J.. 2003. Developmental plasticity and evolution. Oxford Univ. Press.
49. Wickman P.-O. Wiklund C.. 1983. Territorial defence and its seasonal decline in the speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria) Anim. Behav. 31 : 1206 1216.
50. Wiklund C. Persson A.. 1983. Fecundity, and the relation of egg weight variation to offspring fitness in the speckled wood butterfly Pararge aegeria, or why don't butterfly females lay more eggs? Oikos 40 : 53 63.
51. Wiklund C. Persson A. Wickman P.-O.. 1983. Larval estivation and direct development as alternative strategies in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria in Sweden Ecol. Entomol. 8 : 233 238.
52. Zalucki M. P. Clarke A. R. Malcolm S. B.. 2002. Ecology and behavior of first instar larval lepidoptera Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47 : 361 393.