Angiotensin II-receptor blocker dosages: How high should we go?

International Journal of Clinical Practice

Volumn 60, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 179-183

  Düsing, Rainer ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CANDESARTAN; CAPTOPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; IRBESARTAN; LOSARTAN; MAGNESIUM; PLACEBO; POTASSIUM; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; VALSARTAN;

ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA; ARTERIAL PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; BRADYCARDIA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COUGHING; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DROWSINESS; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERURICEMIA; LEG EDEMA; MAGNESIUM DEPLETION; METABOLIC ALKALOSIS; MORTALITY; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; PERIPHERAL ISCHEMIA; POTASSIUM DEPLETION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; XEROSTOMIA;

ADULT; AGED; ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE; MIDDLE AGED; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 33646794440     PISSN: 13685031     EISSN: 17421241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00779.x     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. National heart, lung, and blood institute joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure; national high blood pressure education program coordinating committee. the seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: The JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-72.
2. Guidelines Committee. European society of hypertension -European society of cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1011-53. 2003.
3. Collins R, MacMahon S. Blood pressure, antihypertensive drug treatment and the risk of stroke and of coronary heart disease. Br Med Bull 1994; 50: 272-98.
4. Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990; 335: 827-39.
5. Staessen JA, Gasowski J, Wang JG et al. Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: Meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet 2000; 355: 865-72.
6. Psaty B, Lumley T, Furberg CD et al. Health outcomes associated with various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents. JAMA 2003; 289: 2534-44.
7. Blood Pressure Lowering Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: Results of prospectively designed overviews of randomized trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527-35.
8. Staessen JA, Wang J-G, Thijs L. Cardiovascular prevention and blood pressure reduction: A quantitative overview updated until. J Hypertens March 1 2003; 21: 1055-76. 2003.
9. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium-antagonists and other blood pressure lowering drugs: Results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2000; 355: 1955-64.
10. Blood Pressure Lowering Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 1410-9.
11. World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. World Health Organization 2003 (WHO)/international society of hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens, 2003; 21: 1983-92.
12. Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Banegas JR et al. Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA 2003; 289: 2363-9.
13. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000. JAMA 2003; 290: 199-2006.
14. Miller NH, Hill M, Kottke T, Ockene IS. The multilevel compliance challenge: Recommendations for a call to action. A statement for healthcare professionals. Circulation 1997; 95: 1085-90.
15. Métry J-M, Meyer UA, eds. Drug regimen compliance. Issues in Clinical Trials and Patient Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999: 85-96.
16. Berlowitz DR, Ash AS, Hickey EC et al. Inadequate management of blood pressure in a hypertensive population. N Engl J Med; 339: 1957-63, 1998.
17. Hagemeister J, Schneider CA, Barabas S et al. Hypertension guidelines and their limitations -the impact of physicians' compliance as evaluated by guideline awareness. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 2079-86.
18. Siegel D, Lopez J. Trends in antihypertensive drug use in the United States: Do the JNC V recommendations affect prescribing? Fifth joint national commission on the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. JAMA 1997; 278: 1745-8.
19. Hyman DJ, Pavlik VN. Self-reported hypertension treatment practices among primary care physicians: Blood pressure thresholds, drug choices, and the role of guidelines and evidence-based medicine. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 2281-6.
20. Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, et al for the VALUE trial group. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: The VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 2022-31.
21. Pedrinelli R, Dell'Omo G, Nuti M, Menegato A, Balbarini A, Mariani M. Heterogeneous effect of calcium antagonists on leg oedema: A comparison of amlodipine versus lercanidipine in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1969-73.
22. Lacourciere Y. The incidence of cough: A comparison of lisinopril, placebo and telmisartan, a novel angiotensin II antagonist: Telmisartan Cough Study Group. Int J Clin Pract 1999; 53: 99-103.
23. Lacourciere Y, Brunner H, Irwin R et al. Effects of modulators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on cough: Losartan Cough Study Group. J Hypertens 1994; 12: 1387-93.
24. Primatesta P, Brookes M, Poulter NR. Improved hypertension management and control: Results from health survey for England 1998. Hypertension 2001; 38: 827-32.
25. Gillis JC, Markham A. Irbesartan. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of hypertension. Drugs 1997; 54: 885-902.
26. Goa KL, Wagstaff AJ. Losartan potassium: A review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of hypertension. Drugs 1996; 51: 820-45.
27. Markham A, Goa KL. Valsartan. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in essential hypertension. Drugs 1997; 54: 299-311.
28. Lacourciere Y, Hebert D, Assouline L, Rehel B, Khder Y. Effective blood-pressure control with valsartan/HCTZ combination therapy in patients with moderate to severe systolic hypertension: The VALOR trial. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17: 115A.
29. Mallion JM, Carretta R, Trenkwalder P et al. Co-Diovan Study Group. Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide is effective in hypertensive patients inadequately controlled by valsartan monotherapy. Blood Pressure 2003; 12 (Suppl. 1): 36-43.
30. Benz JR, Black HR, Graff H. Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension: A multiple dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing combination therapy with monotherapy. J Hum Hypertens 1998; 12: 861-6.
31. Malacco E, Santonastaso M, Vari NA et al. Blood pressure reduction and tolerability of valsartan in comparison with lisinopril study. Comparison of valsartan 160 mg with lisonopril 20 mg, given as monotherapy or in combination with a diuretic, for the treatment of hypertension: The blood pressure reduction and tolerability of valsartan in comparison with lisonopril (PREVAIL) study. Clin Ther 2004; 26: 855-65.
32. Chan P, Tomlinson B, Huang TY, Ko JT, Lin TS, Lee YS. Double-blind comparison of losartan, lisinopril, and metolazone in elderly hypertensive patients with previous angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough. J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 37: 253-7.
33. Sharma PK, Yium JJ. Angioedema associated with angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan. South Med J 1997; 90: 552-3.
34. van Rijnsoever EW, Kwee-Zuiderwijk WJ, Feenstra J. Angioneurotic edema attributed to the use of losartan. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 2063-5.
35. Cohn J, Tognogni G. Valsartan Heart Failure Trial Investigators. A randomised trial of the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1667-75.
36. Maggioni AP, Anand I, Gottlieb SO, Latini R, Tognoni G, Cohn JN. Val-HeFT Investigators (Valsartan Heart Failure Trial). Effect of valsartan on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure not receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 1414-21.
37. McMurray JJV, Ostergren J, Swedberg K et al. CHARM Investigators and Committees. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: The CHARM-added trial. Lancet 2003; 362: 767-71.
38. Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJV, Valasquez EJ et al. Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Investigators. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular function, or both. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1893-906.
39. Pool JL, Glazer R, Chiang Y-T, Gatlin M. Dose-response efficacy of valsartan, a new angiotensin II receptor blocker. J Hum Hypertens 1999; 13: 275-81.
40. Biswas PN, Wilton LV, Shakir SW. The safety of valsartan: Results of a postmarketing surveillance study on 12881 patients in England. J Hum Hypertens 2002; 16: 795-803.
41. Dahlhöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE et al. Life Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995-1003.
42. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D et al. (RENAAL Study Investigators). Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 861-9.
43. Parving H-H, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner P. Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870-8.
44. Viberti G, Wheeldon NM. (MARVAL study investigators). Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A blood pressure independent effect. Circulation 2002; 106: 672-8.
45. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR et al. Collaborative Study Group. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan and patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 851-60.
46. Pitt B, Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R et al. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial -the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 2000; 355: 1582-7.
47. Dickstein K, Kjekshus J. (OPTIMAAL Steering Committee of the OPTIMAAL Study Group). Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: The OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 752-60.
48. Weber MA, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE et al. Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE Trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 2049-51.
49. Kloner R, Weinberger M, Pool J et al. for the Comparison of Candesartan and Amlodipine for Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy (CASTLE) Study Investigators. Comparative effects of candesartan cilexetil and amlodipine in patients with mild systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 727-31.
50. Verdecchia P, Angeli FA. Assessment of the optimal daily dose of valsartan in patients with hypertension, heart failure, or both. Clin Ther 2004; 26: 460-72.
51. Brunner HR, Ménard J, Waeber B et al. Treating the individual hypertensive patient: Considerations on dose, sequential monotherapy and drug combinations. J Hypertens 1990; 8: 3-11.
52. Dzau V. Theodore Cooper lecture: Tissue angiotensin and pathobiology of vascular disease: A unifying hypothesis. Hypertension 2001; 37: 1047-52.
53. Mazzolai L, Maillard M, Rossat J, Nussberger J, Brunner HR, Burnier M. Angiotensin II receptor blockade in normotensive subjects. A direct comparison of three AT1 receptor antagonists. Hypertension 1999; 33: 850-5.
54. Maillard MP, Wurzner G, Nussberger J, Centeno C, Burnier M, Brunner HR. Comparative angiotensin II receptor blockade in healthy volunteers: The importance of dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002; 71: 68-76.
55. Forclaz A, Maillard M, Nussberger J, Brunner HR, Burnier M. Angiotensin II receptor blockade. Is there truly a benefit of adding an ACE-inhibitor. Hypertension 2003; 41: 31-6.
56. Oparil S, Dyke S, Harris F et al. The efficacy and safety of valsartan compared with placebo in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension. Clin Ther 1996; 18: 797-810.
57. Weinberg MS, Kaperonis N, Bakris GL. How high should an ACE-inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker be dosed in patients with diabetic nephropathy? Curr Hypertens Rep 2003; 5: 418-25.
58. Weinberg AJ, Zappe DH, Ashton M, Weinberg MS. Safety and tolerability of high-dose angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: A pilot study. Am J Nephrol 2004; 24: 340-5.