Civil democracy, perceived risk, and insecurity in Brazil: An extension of the systemic social control model

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

Volumn 605, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 242-263

  Rodrigues, Corinne Davis ^a,b  

^a Sociology and Politics Doctoral Program

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Brazil; Democracy; Disjunctive democracy; Perceived risk; Social control

Indexed keywords

EID: 33646503261     PISSN: 00027162     EISSN: 15523349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002716206287144     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Adorno, Sérgio. 1998. Violence, security and public perspections in Brazil. Paper presented at 1998 Meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, Chicago, September.
2. Ahnen, Ron. 2003. Between tyranny of the majority and liberty: The persistence of human rights violations under democracy in Brazil. Bulletin of Latin American Research 22 (3). 319-339.
3. Alvazzi del Frate, Anna. 1998. Victims of crime in the developing countries. Publication no. 57. Rome: UNICRI.
4. Alvito, Marcos. 2001. As cores de Acarí: uma favela carioca. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Editora Fundação Getúlio Vargas.
5. Arias, Enrique Desmond, and Corinne Davis Rodrigues. Forthcoming. The myth of personal security: Dispute resolution, security, and identity in Rio de Janeiro's Favelas. Latin American Politics and Society.
6. Averitzer, Leonardo. 1997. Um desenho institucional para um novo associativismo. Nova Lua 39. São Paulo, Brazil: Cedec.
7. Baumer, Terry L. 1985. Testing a general model of fear of crime: Data from a national sample Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 22: 239-255.
8. Beato, Claudio Chaves Filho. 2001. Crime e políticas sociais na América Latina. Informativo CRISP 1: 1-9.
9. Beato, Claudio Chaves Filho, Betnia Totino Peixoto, and Mnica Viegas Andrade. 2004. Crime, Oportunidade e Vitimização. Revista Brasileira de Cincias Sociais 19 (55): 73-90.
10. Bursik, Robert J., Jr. 1988. Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: Problems and prospects. Criminology 26: 519-551.
11. Bursik, Robert J., Jr., and Harold G. Grasmick. 1993. Neighborhoods and crime: The dimensions of effective community control. New York: Lexington.
12. Bursik, Robert J., Jr., and Harold G. Grasmick. 1995. Neighborhood-based networks and the control of crime and delinquency. In Crime and public policy: Putting theory to work, ed. Hugh D. Barlow. Boulder, CO: Westview.
13. Caldeira, Teresa P. R. 2000. City without walls: Crime, segregation and citizenship in São Paulo. Berkeley: University of California Press.
14. Caldeira, Teresa P. R., and James Holston. 1999. Democracy and violence in Brazil. Comparative Studies in Society and History 41 (4). 691-729.
15. Cardia, Nancy. 2002. The impact of exposure to violence in São Paulo: Accepting violence or continuing horror? In Citizens of fear: Urban violence in Latin America, ed. Susana Rotker in collaboration with Katherine Goldman, 152-183. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
16. Carr, Patrick J. 2003. The new parochialism: The implications of the beltway case for arguments concerning informal social control. American Journal of Sociology 108 (6). 1249-1293.
17. Centro de Estudos em Criminalidade e Segurança Pública (CRISP). 2003a. Atlas da Criminalidade em Belo Horizonte: Diagnósticos, Perspectivas e Sugestões de Programas de Controle. Internal Document. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: CRISP.
18. Centro de Estudos em Criminalidade e Segurança Pública (CRISP). 2003b. Relatório Final de Pesquisa de Vitimização. Internal Document. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: CRISP.
19. Covington, Jeanette, and Ralph B. Taylor. 1991. Fear of crime in urban residential neighborhoods: Implications of between- and within-neighborhood sources for current models. Sociological Quarterly 32 (2). 231-249.
20. Diamond, Larry J. 1995. Democracy in Latin America: Degrees, illusions and directions for consolidation. In Beyond sovereignty: Collectively defending democracy in the Americas, ed. Tom J. Farer. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
21. Diamond, Larry J. 1996. Is the third wave over? Journal of Democracy 7 (3). 20-37.
22. Farrall, Stephen, and David Gadd. 2004. Evaluating crime fears: A research note on the pilot study to improve the measurement of the "fear of crime" as a performance indicator. Evaluation 10 (4). 493-502.
23. Ferraro, Kenneth F., and Randy LaGrange. 1987. The measurement of fear of crime. Sociological Inquiry 57: 70-101.
24. Garofalo, James. 1979. Victimization and fear of crime Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 16: 80-97.
25. Gibson, C., J. Zhao, N. Lovrich, and M. Gaffney. 2002. Social integration, individual perceptions of collective efficacy and fear of crime in three cities Justice Quarterly 19 (3). 537-564.
26. Huggins, Martha K. 2000. Urban violence and police privatization in Brazil: Blended invisibility. Social Justice 27 (2). 113-134.
27. Hunter, Albert J. 1985. Private, parochial and public orders: The problem of crime and incivility in urban communities. In The challenge of social control: Citizenship and institution building in modern society, ed. Gerald D. Suttles and Mayer N. Zald. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
28. Instituto Latinoamericano das Nações Unidas para Prevenção do Delito e Tratamento do Delinquente (ILANUD). 2002. Pesquisa de Vitimização 2002 e Avaliação do Plano de de Prevenção da Violncia Urbana. São Paulo, Brazil: ILANUD.
29. Kanan, James W., and Matthew V. Pruitt. 2002. Modeling fear of crime and perceived victimization risk: The (in)significance of neighborhood integration. Sociological Inquiry 72 (4). 527-548.
30. Kelling, George L. 1988. Police and communities: The quiet revolution. Perspectives on Policing, no. 1. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice/Harvard University.
31. Kelling, George, and Catherine Coles. 1996. Fixing broken windows: Restoring order and reducing crime in our communities. New York: Free Press.
32. Kubrin, Charis E., and Ronald Weitzer. 2003. New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 40 (4). 374-402.
33. Lee, B. A. 1981. The urban unease revisited: Perceptions of local safety and neighborhood among metropolitan residents. Social Science Quarterly 62: 611-629.
34. Leeds, Anthony, and Elizabeth Leeds. 1972. Brazil in the 1960's: Favelas and polity, the continuity of the structure of social control. Austin: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Texas.
35. Leeds, Elizabeth. 1996. Cocaine and parallel polities in the Brazilian urban periphery: Constraints on local-level democratization. Latin American Research Review 31: 47-83.
36. McGarrell, Edmund F., Andrew Giacomazzi, and Quint C. Thurman. 1997. Neighborhood disorder, integration and the fear of crime. Justice Quarterly 14: 479-500.
37. O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1993. On the state, democratization, and some conceptual problems: A Latin American view with glances at some postcommunist countries. The Kellogg Institute Working Paper Series, no. 192 (April): 1-26.
38. O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1999. Polyarchies and the (un)rule of law in Latin America: A partial conclusion. In The (un)rule of law and the underprivileged in Latin America, ed. Juan E. Mendez, Guillermo O'Donnell, and Paulo Sergio Pinheiro. South Bend, IN: Norte Dame University Press.
39. Pattillo, Mary. 1998. Sweet mothers and gangbangers: Managing crime in a middle-class black neighborhood. Social Forces 76: 747-774.
40. Paxton, Pamela. 2002. Social capital and democracy: An interdependent relationship. American Sociological Review 67 (2). 254-277.
41. Perlman, Janice E. 1976. The myth of marginality: Urban poverty and politics in Rio de Janeiro. Berkeley: University of California Press.
42. Putnam, Robert. 2000. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
43. Reiseg, Michael D., and Roger B. Parks. 2004. Can community policing help the truly disadvantaged? Crime and Delinquency 50 (2). 139-167.
44. Rountree, Pamela W. 1998. A reexamination of the crime-fear linkage. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 35 (3). 341-372.
45. Rountree, Pamela W., and Kenneth Land. 1996. Perceived risk versus fear of crime: Empirical evidence of conceptually distinct reactions in survey data. Social Forces 74: 1353-1376.
46. Sampson, Robert J., Stephen W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls. 1997. Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science 277: 918-924.
47. Shaw, Clifford, and Henry D. McKay. 1969. Juvenile delinquency in urban areas. Rev. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
48. Silva, Nelson do Valle. 1988. Cor e processo de realização socio-econmica. In Estrutura Social, Mobilidade e Raça, ed. Carlos Hasenbalg and Nelson do Valle Silva. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: IUPERJ.
49. Skogan, Wesley G. 1986. Fear of crime and neighborhood change. In Communities and Crime, ed. Albert J. Reiss and Micheal Tonry, 203-229. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
50. Skogan, Wesley G. 1987. The impact of victimization of fear. Crime and Delinquency 33: 135-154.
51. Skogan, Wesley G. 1990. Disorder and decline. New York: Free Press.
52. Skogan, Wesley G., and Michael G. Maxfield. 1981. Coping with crime: Individual and neighborhood reactions. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
53. Stafford, Mark C., and Omar R. Galle. 1984. Victimization rates, exposure to risk and fear of crime. Criminology 22: 173-185.
54. Tadesco, Laura. 2002. La ñata contra el vidrio: Urban violence and democratic governability in Argentina. Bulletin of Latin American Research 19: 527-545.
55. Taylor, Ralph B. 1997. Social order and disorder of streetblocks and neighborhoods: Ecology, microecology and the systemic model of social disorganization. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 33: 113-155.
56. Taylor, Ralph B. 2002. Fear of crime, social ties and collective efficacy: Maybe masquerading measurement, maybe deja vu all over again. Justice Quarterly 19 (4). 773-792.
57. Taylor, Ralph B, Stephen D. Gottfredson, and Sidney Brower. 1984. Block crime and fear: Defensible space, local social ties, and territorial functioning. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 21 (4). 303-331.
58. Velez, M. B. 2001. The role of public social control in urban neighborhoods. Criminology 39: 837-864.
59. Venkatesh, Sudhir. 2000. American project: The rise and fall of a modern ghetto. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
60. Villarreal, Andres, and Braulio Figueiredo A Silva. 2004. Social cohesion, criminal victimization and perceived risk of crime in Brazilian neighborhoods. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco.
61. Warr, Mark. 1984. Fear of victimization: Why are women and the elderly more afraid? Social Science Quarterly 65: 681-702.
62. Wilson, James Q., and George L. Kelling. 1982. Broken windows. Atlantic Monthly, March, pp. 29-38.
63. Xu, Yili, Mora L. Fielder, and Karl H. Flaming. 2005. Discovering the impact of community policing: The broken windows thesis, collective efficacy, and citizens' judgment. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 42 (2). 147-186.
64. Zaluar, Alba. 1985. A maquina e a revolta: as organizacoes populares e o significado da pobreza. Sao Paulo, Brazil: Editora Brasiliense.
65. Zvekic, U., and Anna Alvazzi del Frate. 1995. Criminal victimisation in the developing world. United Nations Publication no. 55. Rome: UNICRI.