A large Eustachian valve is a confounder of contrast but not of color Doppler transesophageal echocardiography in detecting a right-to-left shunt across a patent foramen ovale

International Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 109, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 375-380

  Schuchlenz, Herwig Walter ^a   Weihs, Wolfgang ^a   Hackl, Elisabeth ^b   Rehak, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL GRAZ   (Austria)

^b Medical Department   (Austria)

Author keywords

Eustachian valve; Patent foramen ovale; Transesophageal echocardiography

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COLOR ULTRASOUND FLOWMETRY; CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; HEART ATRIUM SEPTUM DEFECT; HEART FORAMEN OVALE; HEART RIGHT LEFT SHUNT; HEART VALVE; HUMAN; INFERIOR CAVA VEIN VALVE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STROKE; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY;

ADULT; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, COLOR; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSESOPHAGEAL; HEART SEPTAL DEFECTS, ATRIAL; HUMANS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; VENA CAVA, INFERIOR;

EID: 33646493791     PISSN: 01675273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.06.022     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Agmon Y., Khandheria B.K., Meissner I., et al. Comparison of frequency of patent foramen ovale by transesophageal echocardiography in patients with cerebral ischemic events versus in subjects in the general population. Am J Cardiol 88 3 (2001 (Aug 1)) 330-332
2. Cohnheim J. Thrombose und Embolie: Vorlesung über allgemeine Pathologie vol. 1 (1877), Hirschwald, Berlin, Germany 134
3. Cheng T.O. Paradoxical embolism. A diagnostic challenge and its detection during life. Circulation 53 (1976) 565-585
4. Cheng T.O. Echocardiography and paradoxical embolism. Ann Intern Med 95 (1981) 515
5. Lechat P., Mas J.I., Lascault G., et al. Prevalence of patent foramen in patients with stroke. N Engl J Med 318 (1988) 1148-1152
6. Cheng T.O. Plathypnea-ortodeoxia syndrome: etiology, differential diagnosis, and management. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 47 (1999) 64-66
7. Anzola G.P., Magoni M., Guindani L., Rozzini L., and Dalla Volta G. Potential source of cerebral embolism in migrane with aura: a transcranial Doppler study. Neurology 52 (1999) 1622-1625
8. Wilmshurst P.T., Byrne J.C., and Webb-Peploe. Relation between interatrial shunts and decompression sickness in divers. Lancet (1989) 1302-1306
9. Wilmshurst P.T., Nightingale S., Walsh K.P., and Morrison W.L. Effect on migraine of closure of cardiac right-to-left shunts to prevent recurrence of decompression illness or stroke or for haemodynamic reasons. Lancet 356 (2000) 1648
10. Gronert G.A., Mesick J.M., Cucchiara R.F., and Michenfelder J.D. Paradoxical air embolism from a patent foramen ovale. Anesthesiology 50 (1979) 548-549
11. Young M.L., Smith D.S., Murtagh F., Vasquez A., and Levitt J. Comparison of surgical and anesthetic complications in neurosurgical patients experiencing venous air embolism in the sitting position. Neurosurgery 18 2 (1986 (Feb)) 157-161
12. Mammoto T., Hayashi Y., Ohnishi Y., and Kuro M. Incidence of venous and paradoxical air embolism in neurosurgical patient in the sitting position, detection by transesophageal echocardiography. Acta Anaestesiol Scand 42 (1998) 643-647
13. Knauth M., Ries S., Pohimann S., et al. Cohort study of multiple brain lesions in sport divers: role of a patent foramen ovale. BMJ 314 (1997) 701-705
14. Pell A.C.H., Hughes D., Keating J., Christie J., Busutill A., and Sutherland G.R. Fulminant fat embolism syndrome caused by paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale. New Engl J Med 329 (1993) 926-929
15. Christie J., Robinson C.M., Pell A.C., McBirnie J., and Burnett R. Transcardiac echocardiography during invasive intramedularry procedures. J Bone Jt Surg, Br Vol 77 (1995) 450-455
16. Klötsch C, Sliwka U, Berlit P, Noth J. An increased frequency of patent foramen ovale in patients with transient global amnesia. Analysis of 53 Consecutive Patients.
17. Konstantinides S., Geibel A., Kasper W., et al. Patent foramen ovale is an important predicator of adverse outcome in patients with major pulmonary embolism. Circulation 97 (1998) 1946-1951
18. Marenco J., Naimi S., Hijazi Z., Patel A., and Pandian N. Nonsurgical closure of a patent foramen ovale in a patient with carcinoid disease and severe hypoxia from interatrial shunting. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 51 (2000) 210-213
19. Boglioli L.R., Gardiner J., Gerstenblith G., Taff M.L., and Cameron D.E. Carcinoid heart disease with severe hpoxia due to interatrial shunt through a patent foramen ovale. Tex Heart J Inst 24 (1997) 125-128
20. Shanoudy H., Soliman A., Raggi P., et al. Prevalence of patent foramen oval and its contribution to hypoxemia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 113 (1998) 91-96
21. Pearson A.C., Labovitz A.J., Tatineni S., and Gomez C.R. Superiority of transesophageal echocardiography in detecting cardiac source of embolism in patients with cerebral ischemia of uncertain etiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 17 (1991) 66-72
22. Fisher D.C., Fisher E.A., Budd J.H., Rosen S.E., and Goldman M.E. The incidence of patent foramen ovale in 1000 consecutive patients: a contrast transesophageal echocardiography study. Chest 107 (1995) 1504-1509
23. DeBelder M.A., Tourikis L., Griffith M., Leech G., and Camm A.J. Transesophageal contrast echocardiography and color flow mapping: methods of choice for the detection of shunts at the atrial level?. Am Heart J 124 (1992) 1545-1550
24. Berkompas D.C., and Sagar K.B. Accuracy of color Doppler transesophageal echocardiography for diagnosis of patent foramen ovale. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 7 (1994) 253-256
25. Sun P.J., Stewart W.J., Hanna J., and Thomas J.D. Diagnosis of patent foramen ovale by contrast versus Doppler transesophageal echocardiography: relation to atrial size. Am Heart J 13 (1996) 239-244
26. Movsowitz H.D., Movsowitz C., Jacobs L.E., and Kotler M.N. Negative air-contrast test does not exclude the presence of patent foramen ovale by transesophageal echocardiography. Am Heart J 126 (1993) 1031-1032
27. Schuchlenz H.W., Weihs W., Beitzke A., Stein J., Gamillscheg A., and Rehak P. Transesophageal echocardiography for quantifying size of patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic cerebrovascular events. Stroke 33 (2002) 293-296
28. Wu L.A., Malouf J.F., Dearani J.A., et al. Patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke: current understanding and management options. Arch Intern Med 164 9 (2004 (May 10)) 950-956
29. Homma S., Sacco R.L., DiTullio M.R., et al. Atrial anatomy in non-cardioembolic stroke patients: effect of medical therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 42 6 (2003 (Sep 17)) 1066-1072
30. Schuchlenz H.W., Saurer G., Weihs W., and Rehak P. Persisting eustachian valve in adults: relation to patent foramen ovale and cerebrovascular events. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 17 (2004) 231-233
31. Schneider B., Zienkiewicz T., Jansen V., et al. Diagnosis of patent foramen ovale by transesophageal echocardiography and correlation with autopsy findings. Am J Cardiol 77 (1996) 1202-1209
32. Madala D., Zaroff J.G., Hourigan L., et al. Harmonic imaging improves sensitivity at the expense of specificity in the detection of patent foramen ovale. Echocardiography 21 1 (2004 (Jan)) 33-36
33. Daniels C., Weytjens C., Cosyns B., et al. Second harmonic transthoracic echocardiography: the new reference screening method for the detection of patent foramen ovale. Eur J Echocardiogr 5 6 (2004 (Dec)) 449-452
34. Eldridge M.W., Dempsey J.A., Haverkamp H.C., et al. Exercise-induced intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol Apr 23 (2004 (Apr 23)) [Electronic publication ahead of print]
35. Tobin C.E. Arteriovenous shunts in the peripheral pulmonary circulation in the human lung. Thorax 21 3 (1966 (May)) 197-204
36. Tobinn C.E., and Zariquiey M.O. Arteriovenous shunts in the human lung. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 75 3 (1950 (Dec)) 827-829
37. Whyte M.K., Hughes J.M., Jackson J.E., et al. Cardiopulmonary response to exercise in patients with intrapulmonary vascular shunts. J Appl Physiol 75 1 (1993 (Jul)) 321-328
38. Nanthakumar K., Graham A.T., Robinson T.I., et al. Contrast echocardiography for detection of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Am Heart J 141 (2001) 243-246
39. Ahmed S., Nanda N.C., Nekkanti R., et al. Contrast transesophageal echocardiographic detection of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation draining into left lower pulmonary vein. Echocardiography 20 (2003) 391-394
40. Naqvi T.Z., Nagai T., Atar S., et al. Early appearance of echo-contrast simulating an intracardiac shunt in a patient with liver cirrhosis and intrapulmonary shunting. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 15 (2002) 379-381