Benchmarking progress in tackling the challenges of intellectual property, and access to medicines in developing countries

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Volumn 84, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 366-370

  Musungu, Sisule F ^a  

^a Programme on Innovation   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

DECISION ANALYSIS; DEVELOPING WORLD; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS; MEDICINE; PUBLIC HEALTH;

DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DRUG COST; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG MANUFACTURE; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN RIGHTS; INVESTMENT; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NEEDS ASSESSMENT; PATENT; PATIENT EDUCATION; PLANNING; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

BENCHMARKING; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 33646477028     PISSN: 00429686     EISSN: 15640604     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.06.029793     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. World Health Organization. 113th Session of the Executive Board. Note by the Director-General. Geneva; 2004. WHO document EB113/INF.DOC./1. Available from: http://www.who.int/intellectualproperty/background/en/index.html
2. Intellectual property rights, innovation and public health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003. (World Health Assembly resolution WHA56.27). Available from: www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA56/ea56r27.pdf
3. World Trade Organization. Doha Declaration. Geneva: WTO; 2001. WTO document WT/MIN(01)/DEC/W/2. Available from: http://www.who.int/ medicines/areas/policy/tripshealth.pdf
4. Médecins sans Frontières. Drugs for Neglected Diseases Working Group and the Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines. Fatal Imbalance: The Crisis in Research and Development for Drugs for Neglected Diseases. Geneva; MSF: 2001.
5. UNCTAD-ICTSD. Resource Book on TRIPS and Development. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2005.
6. Braithwaite J, Drahos P. Global Business Regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.
7. World Trade Organization. Implementation of paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and public health. Geneva: WTO; 2003. WTO document WT/L/540. Available from: http://docsonline.wto.org/DDFDocuments/t/WT/ L/540.doc
8. World Trade Organization. Amendment of the TRIPS Agreement. Geneva: WTO; 2005. WTO document WT/L/641. Available from: http://www.jpo.go.jp/torikumi/ kokusai/kokusai2/pdf/wto_trips_giron/genbun.pdf
9. Commission on Intellectual Property Rights. Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy. London: Commission on Intellectual Property Rights; 2002. Available from: http://www.iprcommission.org/papers/pdfs/ final_report/CIPRfullfinal.pdf
10. Revised drug strategy Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999 (World Health Assembly resolution WHA52.19).
11. WHO medicines strategy Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001 (World Health Assembly resolution WHA54.11).
12. Ensuring accessibility of essential medicines Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002 (World Health Assembly resolution WHA55.14).
13. Intellectual property rights, innovation and public health Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003 (World Health Assembly resolution WHA56.27).
14. Scaling up treatment and care within a coordinated and comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004 (World Health Assembly resolution WHA57.14). Available from: http://www.who. int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/
15. International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) TRIPS amendment permanently resolves export compulsory licence issue. Geneva: IFPMA; 6 December 2005. Press release. Available from: http://www.ifpma.org/News/NewsReleaseDetail.aspx?nID=3951
16. World Trade Organization Secretariat. Press Release. Geneva; WTO; 2005. Available from: http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres05_e/pr426_e.htm
17. Médecins sans Frontières. Press Release. Available from: http://www. accessmed-msf.org/prod/publications.asp?scntid= 71220051425522&conte nttype=PARA&
18. National Institute of Health Care Research and Educational Foundation (NIHCM). Changing Patterns of Pharmaceutical Innovation. Washington DC: NIHCM; 2002. Available from: http://www.nihcm.org/innovations.pdf
19. The Medical R&D treaty. Consumer Project on Technology (CPTech). Available from: http://www.cptech.org/workingdrafts/rndtreaty.html
20. Love J, Hubbard T. Paying for Public Goods, in Ghosh R, editor. Code: Collaborative Ownership and the Digital Economy. Cambridge: MIT Press; 2005. p. 207-29.
21. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) General Comment 14 The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health, August 2000 at para 17. Available from: http://www.unhchr.ch
22. Musungu S. Right to Health, Intellectual Property, and Competition Principles, in Cottier T, Joost P, Burgi E, editors. Human Rights and International Trade. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.
23. World Trade Organization. Doha Ministerial Declaration on this issue. Geneva: WTO; 2001. WTO document WT/MIN(01)/DEC/1. Paragraph 44. Available from: http://www.wto.org/English/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_e.htm
24. Brown LD, Plewes TJ, Gerstein MA, editors. Measuring Research and Development Expenditures in the US Economy. Panel on Research and Development Statistics at the National Science Foundation, National Research Council, the National Academies Press; 2004.
25. Lerner J. Patent Protection and Innovation over 150 years. Working Paper 8977. NBER Working Paper Series, June 2002.