Surface heat fluxes over global oceans exclusively from satellite observations

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 134, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 965-980

  Singh, Randhir ^a   Kishtawal, C M ^a   Pal, P K ^a   Joshi, P C ^a  

^a Indian Space Research Organization Space Application Centre   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CORRELATION METHODS; HEAT FLUX; IMAGE SENSORS; OCEANOGRAPHY; RADIOMETERS; SPEED; VELOCITY MEASUREMENT; WEATHER SATELLITES; WIND;

ADVANCED VERY HIGH RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; AIR-SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE; ROOT MEAN SQUARE ERROR; SATELLITE DERIVED FLUX; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; SPECIAL SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; SURFACE HEAT FLUX; SURFACE LATENT HEAT FLUX; SURFACE SPECIFIC HUMIDITY; WIND SPEED;

METEOROLOGY;

GLOBAL OCEAN; HUMIDITY; LATENT HEAT FLUX; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; WIND VELOCITY;

EID: 33646235657     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/MWR3119.1     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Alvarez, A., C. Lopez, M. Riera, E. Hernandez-Garcia, and J. Tintore, 2000: Forecasting the SST space-time variability of the Alboran Sea with genetic algorithms. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2709-2712.
2. Bentamy, A., K. B. Katsaros, A. M. Mestas-Nuñez, W. M. Drennan, B. E. Forde, and H. Roquet, 2003: Satellite estimates of wind speed and latent heat flux over the global oceans. J. Climate, 16, 637-655.
3. Bourras, D., L. Eymard, W. T. Liu, and H. Dupuis, 2002: An integrated approach to estimate instantaneous near-surface air temperature and sensible heat flux fields during the SEMAPHORE experiment. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 241-252.
4. Brown, J. W., O. B. Brown, and R. H. Evans, 1993: Calibration of AVHRR infrared channels: A new approach to non-linear corrections. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18 257-18 268.
5. Bunker, A. F., 1976: Computation of surface energy flux and annual air-sea interactions cycle of the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 1122-1140.
6. Chou, S. H., R. M. Atlas, C. L. Shie, and J. Ardizzone, 1995: Estimates of surface humidity and latent heat fluxes over oceans from SSM/I data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2405-2425.
7. Chou, S. H., C. L. Shie, R. M. Atlas, and J. Ardizzone, 1997: Air-sea fluxes retrieved from Special Sensor Microwave Imager data. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 12 705-12 726.
8. Chou, S. H., E. Nelkin, J. Ardizzone, R. M. Atlas, J. Ardizzone, and C. L. Shie, 2003: Surface turbulent heat and momentum fluxes over global oceans based on the Goddard Satellite Retrievals, Version 2 (GSSTF2). J. Climate, 16, 3256-3273.
9. da Silva, A. M., C. C. Young, and S. Levitus,1994: Algorithms and Procedures. Vol. 1, Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 6, 83 pp.
10. Dong, S., and K. A. Kelly, 2004: Heat budget in the Gulf Stream region: The importance of heat storage and advection. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1214-1231.
11. Esbensen, S. K., and R. W. Reynolds, 1981: Estimating monthly averaged air-sea transfers of heat and momentum using the bulk aerodynamic method. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 457-465.
12. Gautier, C., P. Peterson, and C. Jones, 1998: Ocean surface air temperature derived from multiple data sets and artificial neural network. Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 4217-4220.
13. Grabl, H., V. Jost, R. Kumar, J. Schulz, P. Bauer, and P. Schlussel, 2000: A climatological atlas of satellite-derived air-sea interaction parameters over the world ocean. Rep. 312, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, 120 pp.
14. Hasse, L., and S. D. Smith, 1997: Local sea surface wind, wind stress, and sensible and latent heat fluxes. J. Climate, 10, 2711-2724.
15. Hastenrath, S., and P. J. Lamb, 1977: Climate Atlas of the Tropical Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans. University of Wisconsin Press, 340 pp.
16. Hastenrath, S., and P. J. Lamb, 1979: Heat Budget Atlas of the Tropical Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans. University of Wisconsin Press, 104 pp.
17. Hsiung, J., 1986: Mean surface energy fluxes over the global ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10 585-10 606.
18. Jones, C., P. Peterson, and C. Gautier, 1999: A new method for deriving ocean surface specific humidity and air temperature: An artificial neural network approach. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 1229-1245.
19. Jourdan, D., and C. Gautier, 1995: Comparison between global latent heat flux computed from multisensor (SSM/I, AVHRR) and from in situ data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 46-72.
20. Kishtawal, C. M., S. Basu, F. Patadia, and P. K. Thaphyal, 2003: Forecasting summer rainfall over India using genetic algorithm. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1-5.
21. Kishtawal, C. M., F. Patadia, R. Singh, S. Basu, M. S. Narayanan, and P. C. Joshi, 2005: Automatic estimation of tropical cyclone intensity using multi-channel TMI data: A genetic algorithm approach. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11804, doi:10.1029/2004GL022045.
22. Konda, M., and N. Imasato, 1996: A new method to determine near sea surface air temperature by using satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14 349-14 360.
23. Kubota, M., and A. Shikauchi, 1995: Air temperature at ocean surface derived from surface level humidity. J. Oceanogr., 51, 619-634.
24. Kubota, M., N. Iwasaka, S. Kizu, M. Konda, and K. Kutsuwada, 2002: Japanese Ocean Flux Data Sets with Use of Remote Sensing Observations (J-OFURO). J. Oceanogr., 58, 213-225.
25. Liu, W. T., 1986: Statistical relation between monthly mean precipitable water and surface-level humidity over global oceans. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1591-1602.
26. Liu, W. T., 1988: Moisture and latent heat flux variabilities in the tropical Pacific derived from satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 6749-6760.
27. Luther, D. S., and D. E. Harrison, 1984: Observing long-period fluctuations of surface winds in the tropical Pacific: Initial results from island data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 285-302.
28. Schlussel, P., L. Schanz, and G. English, 1995: Retrieval of latent heat flux and longwave irradiance at sea surface differences at the sea surface from SSM/I and AVHRR measurements. Adv. Space Res., 16, 107-116.
29. Schulz, J., 2003: Satellite remote sensing of turbulent heat fluxes. Mausam, 54, 1, 75-88.
30. Schulz, J., P. Schlussel, and H. Grassl, 1993: Water vapour in atmospheric boundary layer over oceans from SSM/I measurements. Int. J. Remote Sens., 14, 2773-2789.
31. Schulz, J., M. Jeans, E. Stefan, and P. Schlussel, 1997: Evaluation of satellite-derived latent heat fluxes. J. Climate, 10, 2782-2795.
32. Singh, R., 2004: Satellite observation of boundary layer heat fluxes: Retrieval and variability analysis. Ph.D. thesis, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India, 170 pp.
33. Singh, R., C. M. Kishtawal, and P. C. Joshi, 2005a: Estimation of monthly mean air-sea temperature difference from satellite observations using genetic algorithm. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02807, doi:10.1029/ 2004GLO21531.
34. Singh, R., P. C. Joshi, and C. M. Kishtawal, 2005b: A new technique for estimation of surface latent heat fluxes using satellite-based observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 2692-2710.
35. Szpiro, G. G., 1997: Forecasting chaotic time series with genetic algorithms. Phys. Rev., E55, 2557-2568.
36. Walton, C. C., 1988: Nonlinear multichannel algorithm for estimating sea surface temperature with AVHRR satellite data. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 115-124.
37. Wentz, F. J., 1997: A well calibrated ocean algorithm for SSM/I. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8703-8718.
38. Wick, G. A., W. J. Emery, and P. Schlussel, 1992: A comprehensive comparison between satellite measured skin and multichannel sea surface temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5569-5595.
39. Zhang, G. J., 1995: Use of monthly mean data to compute surface turbulent fluxes in the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 8, 3084-3090.