Gait analysis methods in rehabilitation

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Volumn 3, Issue , 2006, Pages

  Baker, Richard ^a,b,c,d  

^a ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b MURDOCH CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^d LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL ERROR; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; ARTIFACT; BIOMECHANICS; FLUOROSCOPY; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; GAIT; HUMAN; IMAGING; JOINT FUNCTION; JOINT MOBILITY; KINEMATICS; KINETICS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTICS; ORTHOPEDICS; SOFT TISSUE;

EID: 33646158226     PISSN: 17430003     EISSN: 17430003     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-3-4     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Brand RA: Can Biomechanics contribute to clinical orthopaedic assessments. Iowa Orthopaedic Journal 1987, 9:61-64.
2. Brand RA, Crowninshield RD: Comment on criteria for patient evaluation tools. Journal of Biomechanics 1981, 14:655.
3. Cappozzo A: Considerations on clinical gait evaluation. Journal of Biomechanics 1983, 16:302.
4. Cappozzo A, Della Croce U, Leardini A, Chiari L: Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 1: theoretical background. Gait and Posture 2005, 21:186-196.
5. Chiari L, Della Croce U, Leardini A, Cappozzo A: Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 2: instrumental errors. Gait and Posture 2005, 21:197-211.
6. Baker R, Rodda J: All you ever wanted to know about the conventional gait model but were afraid to ask. Melbourne, Women and Children's Health; 2003.
7. Davis RB, Ounpuu S, Tyburski D, Gage JR: A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique. Human Movement Science 1991, 10:575-587.
8. Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wootten ME: Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 1990, 8:383-391.
9. Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wootten ME, Gainey J, Gorton G, Cochran GVB: Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data in normal adult gait. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 1989, 7:849-860.
10. Ounpuu S, Gage JR, Davis RB: Three-dimensional lower extremity joint kinetics in normal pediatric gait. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 1991, 11:341-349.
11. Ounpuu O, Davis RB, Deluca PA: Joint kinetics: Methods, interpretation and treatment decision-making in children with cerebral palsy and myelomeningocele. Gait and Posture 1996, 4:62-78.
12. Noonan KJ, Halliday S, Browne R, O'Brien S, Kayes K, J F: Interobserver variability of gait analysis in patients with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 2003, 23:279-287.
13. Gorton G, Hebert D, Goode B: Assessment of the kinematic variability between 12 Shriners motion analysis laboratories. Gait and Posture 2001, 13:247.
14. Gorton G, Hebert D, Goode B: Assessment of kinematic variability between 12 Shriners motion analysis laboratories part 2: Short term follow up. Gait and Posture 2002, 16 (suppl 1):S65-66.
15. Schwartz MH, Trost JP, Wervey RA: Measurement and management of errors in quantitative gait data. Gait and Posture 2004, 20:196-203.
16. Della Croce U, Leardini A, Chiari L, Cappozzo A: Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 4: assessment of anatomical landmark misplacement and its effects on joint kinematics. Gait and Posture 2005, 21:226-237.
17. Bell AL, Brand RA, Pedersen DR: Prediction of hip joint center location from external landmark: ; Atlanta, Georgia. ; 1988:212.
18. Bell AL: A comparison of the accuracy of several hip centre location prediction methods. Journal of Biomechanics 1990, 23:617-621.
19. Bell AL, Brand RA, Pedersen DR: Prediction of hip joint centre location from external landmarks. Human Movement Science 1989, 8:3-16.
20. Leardini A, Cappozzo A, Catani F, Toksvig-Larsen S, Petitto A, Sforza V, Cassanelli G, Giannini S: Validation of a functional method for the estimation of hip joint centre location. Journal of Biomechanics 1999, 32:99-103.
21. Cappozzo A, Catani F, Della Croce U, Leardini A: Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: anatomoical frame definition and determination. Clinical Biomechanics 1995, 10:171-178.
22. Piazza SJ, Okita N, Cavanagh PR: Accuracy of the functional method of hip joint center location: effects of limited motion and varied implementation. Journal of Biomechanics 2001, 34:967-973.
23. Hicks JL, Richards JG: Clinical applicability of using spherical fitting to find hip joint centers. Gait and Posture 2005, 22:138-145.
24. Piazza SJ, Erdemir A, Okita N, Cavanagh PR: Assessment of the functional method of hip joint center location subject to reduced range of hip motion. Journal of Biomechanics 2004, 37:349-356.
25. Camomilla V, Cereatti A, Vannozzi G, Cappozzo A: An optimised protocol for hip joint centre determination using the functional method. Journal of Biomechanics 2005:In press, available on-line.
26. Charlton IW, Tate P, Smyth P, Roren L: Repeatability of an optimised lower body model. Gait and Posture 2004, 20:213-221.
27. Schwartz MH, Rozumalski A: A new method for estimating joint parameters from motion data. Journal of Biomechanics 2005, 38:107-116.
28. Reinbolt JA, Schutte JF, Fregly BJ, Koh BI, Haftka RT, George AD, Mitchell KH: Determination of patient-specific multi-joint kinematic models through two-level optimization. Journal of Biomechanics 2005, 38:621-626.
29. Lamoreux LW: Errors in thigh axial rotation measurements using skin mounted markers. 1991:372-373.
30. Lu TW, O'Connor JJ: Bone position estimation from skin marker co-ordinates using global optimisatoin with joint constraints. Journal of Biomechanics 1999, 32:129-134.
31. Alexander EJ, Andriacchi TP: Correcting for deformation in skin-based marker systems. Journal of Biomechanics 2001, 34:355-361.
32. Leardini A, Chiari L, Della Croce U, Cappozzo A: Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 3. Soft tissue artifact assessment and compensation. Gait and Posture 2005, 21:212-225.
33. Asakawa DS, Pappas GP, Blemker SS, Drace JE, Delp SL: Cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for quantification of skeletal muscle motion. Seminars on Musculoskelet Radiology 2003, 7:287-295.
34. Rebmann AJ, Sheehan FT: Precise 3D skeletal kinematics using fast phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2003, 17:206-213.
35. Barrance PJ, Williams GN, Novotny JE, Buchanan TS: A method for measurement of joint kinematics in vivo by registration of 3-D geometric models with cine phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging data. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 2005, 127:829-837.
36. Banks S, Bellemans J, Nozaki H, Whiteside LA, Harman M, Hodge WA: Knee motions during maximum flexion in fixed and mobile-bearing arthroplasties. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2003:131-138.
37. Banks SA, Fregly BJ, Boniforti F, Reinschmidt C, Romagnoli S: Comparing in vivo kinematics of unicondylar and bi-unicondylar knee replacements. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2005, 13:551-556.
38. Banks SA, Hodge WA: Implant design affects knee arthroplasty kinematics during stair-stepping. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2004:187-193.
39. Banks SA, Hodge WA: 2003 Hap Paul Award Paper of the International Society for Technology in Arthroplasty. Design and activity dependence of kinematics in fixed and mobile-bearing knee arthroplasties. Journal of Arthroplasty 2004, 19:809-816.
40. Stagni R, Fantozzi S, Cappello A, Leardini A: Quantification of soft tissue artefact in motion analysis by combining 3D fluoroscopy and stereophotogrammetry: a study on two subjects. Clinical Biomechanics 2005, 20:320-329.
41. Fregly BJ, Rahman HA, Banks SA: Theoretical accuracy of model-based shape matching for measuring natural knee kinematics with single-plane fluoroscopy. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 2005, 127:692-699.
42. Li G, DeFrate LE, Park SE, Gill TJ, Rubash HE: In vivo articular cartilage contact kinematics of the knee: an investigation using dual-orthogonal fluoroscopy and magnetic resonance image-based computer models. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2005, 33:102-107.
43. Li G, Wuerz TH, DeFrate LE: Feasibility of using orthogonal fluoroscopic images to measure in vivo joint kinematics. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 2004, 126:314-318.
44. Rodda JM, Graham HK, Carson L, Galea MP, Wolfe R: Sagittal gait patterns in spastic diplegia. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2004, 86:251-258.
45. Winters TF, Gage JR, Hicks R: Gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia in children and young adults. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1987, 69a:437-441.
46. Hullin MG, Robb JE, Loudon IR: Gait patterns in children with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 1996, 5:547-251.
47. Novacheck TF, Trost JP, Schwartz MH: Intramuscular psoas lengthening improves dynamic hip function in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 2002, 22:158-164.
48. Rose SA, DeLuca PA, Davis RBIII, Ounpuu S, Gage JR: Kinematic and kinetic evaluation of the ankle after lengthening of the gastrocnemuis fascia in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 1993, 13:727-732.
49. Ounpuu S, DeLuca P, Davis R, Romness M: Long-term effects of femoral derotation osteotomies: an evaluation using three-dimensional gait analysis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 2002, 22:139-145.
50. Ounpuu S, Muik E, Davis RB, Gage JR, DeLuca PA: Rectus femoris surgery in children with cerebral palsy. Part II: A comparison between the effect of transfer and release of the distal rectus femoris on knee motion. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 1993, 13:331-335.
51. Ounpuu S, Muik E, Davis RB, Gage JR, DeLuca PA: Rectus femoris surgery in children with cerebral palsy. Part I: The effect of rectus femoris transfer location on knee motion. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 1993, 13:325-330.
52. Pirpiris M, Trivett A, Baker R, Rodda J, Nattrass GR, Graham HK: Femoral derotation osteotomy in spastic diplegia. Proximal or distal? Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2003, 85:265-272.
53. Pirpiris M: Single event multi-level surgery in spastic diplegia: comprehensive outcome analysis. In Department of Paediatrics , University of Melbourne; 2002.
54. DeLuca P, Ounpuu O, Davis RB, Walsh J: Effect of hamstrings and psoas lengthening on pelvic tilt in patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 1998, 18:712-718.
55. Gage J, Perry J, Hicks R, Koop S, Wernt J: Rectus femoris transfer to improve knee function of children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1987, 29:159-166.
56. Baker R: Pelvic angles: a mathematically rigorous definition which is consistent with a conventional clinical understanding of the terms. Gait and Posture 2001, 13:1-6.
57. Grood ES, Suntay WJ: A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: Application to the knee. Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 1983, 105:136-143.
58. Chao EYS: Justification of triaxial goniometer for the measurement of joint rotation. Journal of Biomechanics 1980, 13:989-1006.
59. Wu G, van der Helm FC, Veeger HE, Makhsous M, Van Roy P, Anglin C, Nagels J, Karduna AR, McQuade K, Wang X, Werner FW, Buchholz B: ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion - Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. Journal of Biomechanics 2005, 38:981-992.
60. Baker R: ISB recommendation on definition of joint coordinate systems for the reporting of human joint motion-part I: ankle, hip and spine. J Biomech 2003, 36:300-2; author reply 303-4.
61. Schache A, Baker R, Vaughan C: Differences in lower limb transverse plane joint moments during gait when expressed in two alternative reference frames. Journal of Biomechanics 2006, In press:.
62. Pandy MG: Moment arm of a muscle force. Exercise and Sports Science Reviews 1999, 27:79-118.
63. Saunders JBDM, Inman VT, Eberhart HD: The major determinants in normal and pathological gait. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1953, 35A:543-728.
64. Ortega J, Farley C: Minimising vertical excursion of centre of mass movement does not reduce metabolic cost in walking: ; Toledo, OH. ; 2003.
65. Gard SA, Childress DS: The effect of pelvic list on the vertical displacement of the trunk during normal walking. Gait and Posture 1997, 5:233-238.
66. Gard SA, Childress DS: The influence of stance-phase knee flexion on the vertical displacement of the trunk during normal walking. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1999, 80:26-32.
67. Gard SA, Childress DS: What determins the vertical displacement of the body during normal walking? Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 2001, 13:64-67.
68. Kerrigan DC, Riley PO, Lelas J, Della Croce U: Quantification of pelvic rotation as a determinant of gait. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001, 82:217-220.
69. Kerrigan DC, Della Croce U, Marciello M, Riley PO: A refined view of the determinants of gait: significance of heel rise. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000, 81:1077-1080.
70. Gage JR: Gait Analysis in Cerebral Palsy. Oxford, Mac Keith Press; 1991.
71. Gage JR: The treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy. London, Mac Keith Press; 2004.
72. Perry J: Normal and pathological gait. In Atlas of orthotics Edited by: Bunch WH. St Louis, CV Mosby; 1985:76-111.
73. Anderson FC, Pandy MG: Dynamic optimization of human walking. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 2001, 123:381-390.
74. Anderson FC, Ziegler JM, Pandy MG, Whalen RT: Application of high-performance computing to numerical simulation of human movement. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 1995, 117:155-157.
75. Zajac FE, Neptune RR, Kautz SA: Biomechanics and muscle contraction of human walking: Part I: Introduction to concepts, power transfer, dynamics and simulations. Gait and Posture 2002, 16:215-232.
76. Zajac FE, Neptune RR, Kautz SA: Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking: Part II: Lessons from dynamical simulations and clinical implications. Gait and Posture 2003, 17:1-17.
77. Neptune RR, Kautz SA, Zajac FE: Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking. Journal of Biomechanics 2001, 34:1387-1398.
78. Kepple T, Siegel K, Stanhope S: Relative contributions of the lower extremity joint moments to forward progression and support during gait. Gait and Posture 1997, 6:1-8.
79. Anderson FC, Pandy MG: Static and dynamic optimization solutions for gait are practically equivalent. Journal of Biomechanics 2001, 34:153-161.
80. Anderson FC, Pandy MG: Individual muscle contributions to support in normal walking. Gait and Posture 2003, 17:159-169.
81. Arnold AS, Anderson FC, Pandy MG, Delp SL: Muscular contributions to hip and knee extension during the single limb stance phase of normal gait: a framework for investigating the causes of crouch gait. Journal of Biomechanics 2005, 38:2181-2189.
82. Anderson FC, Goldberg SR, Pandy MG, Delp SL: Contributions of muscle forces and toe-off kinematics to peak knee flexion during the swing phase of normal gait: an induced position analysis. Journal of Biomechanics 2004, 37:731-737.
83. Arnold AS, Anderson FC, Liu M, Goldstein S, Thelen D, Ounpuu S, Delp SL: Biomechanical efficacy of treatments for stiff-knee gait: a simulation-based case study: ; Portland, Oregon, USA. ; 2005.
84. Liu M, Arnold AS, Goldberg SR, Anderson FC, Thelen , Ounpuu S, Delp SL: Quadriceps force in stance limits knee flexion in swing: insight from a subject specific simulation of stiff-knee gait: ; Portland, Oregon, USA. ; 2005.
85. Baker RJ, Jasinski M, Maciag-Tymecka I, Michalowska-Mrozek J, Bonikwski M, Carr LJ, MacLean J, Lin JP, Lynch B, Theologis T, Wendorff J, Eunson P, Cosgrove A: Botulinum toxin treatment of spasticity in diplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2002, 44:666-675.
86. Eames NWA, Baker R, Hill N, Graham HK, Taylor T, Cosgrove A: The effect of botulinum toxin A on gastrocnemius length: magnitude and duration of response. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1999, 41:226-232.
87. Saraph V, Zwick E, Zwick G, Steinwender C, Steinwender G, Linhart W: Multilevel surgery in spastic diplegia: evaluation by physical examination and gait analysis in 25 children. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 2002, 22:150-157.
88. Saraph V, Zwick E, Auner C, Schneider F, Steinwender G, Linhart W: Gait improvement surgery in diplegic children: How long do improvements last? Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 2005, 25:263-267.