Risk factors for Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium (DT104 and non-DT104) infections in The Netherlands: Predominant roles for raw eggs in Enteritidis and sandboxes in Typhimurium infections

Epidemiology and Infection

Volumn 134, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 617-626

  Doorduyn, Yvonne ^a   Van Den Brandhof, W E ^a   Van Duynhoven, Y T H P ^a   Wannet, W J B ^a   Van Pelt, W ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CHILD; DRUG USE; EGG; ENDEMIC DISEASE; FEMALE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFECTION RISK; MALE; NETHERLANDS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PLAY; PUBLIC HEALTH; RAW FOOD; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SALMONELLOSIS; SEASONAL VARIATION; SOIL POLLUTION; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EGGS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MEAT; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; RISK FACTORS; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING; SALMONELLA INFECTIONS; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SILICON DIOXIDE; SOIL MICROBIOLOGY;

EID: 33646156654     PISSN: 09502688     EISSN: 14694409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268805005406     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Wit MAS de, Koopmans MPG, Kortbeek LM, et al. Sensor, a population-based cohort study on gastroenteritis in the Netherlands, incidence and etiology. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154: 666-674.
2. Wit MAS de, Koopmans MPG, Kortbeek LM, Leeuwen WJ van, Bartelds AIM, Duynhoven YTHP van. Gastroenteritis in Sentinel General Practices, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7: 82-91.
3. Wit MAS de, Kortbeek LM, Koopmans MPG, et al. Comparison of gastroenteritis cases in a general practice-based study and a community-based study. Epidemiol Infect 2001; 127: 389-397.
4. Pelt W van, Wit MAS de, Wannet WJB, Ligtvoet EJJ, Widdowson MA, Duynhoven YTHP van. Laboratory surveillance of bacterial gastroenteric pathogens in The Netherlands, 1991-2001. Epidemiol Infect 2003; 130: 431-434.
5. Valkenburgh SM, Oosterom RAA van, Meijer-Leegwater MPM, Komijn RE, Pelt W van. Report on trends and sources of zoonotic agents, the Netherlands 2003. Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sport. Annual report according to article 5 of the Directive 92/117/EC, June 2004.
6. Pelt W van, Wit MAS de, Giessen AW van de, Leeuwen WJ van, Duynhoven YTPH van. Decrease of infections with Salmonella spp. in humans; demographic changes and shifts in serovars [in Dutch]. Infectieziekten Bull 1999;10: 98-101.
7. Pelt W van, Min J, Veling J, et al. An explosive increase of multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in 2001 in the Netherlands [in Dutch]. Infectieziekten Bull 2000; 12: 356-361.
8. Helms M, Vastrup P, Gerner-Smitt P, Mølbak K. Excess mortality associated with antimicrobial drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8: 490-495.
9. Wall PG, Morgan D, Lamden K, et al. A case control study of infection with an epidemic strain of multi-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in England and Wales. Comm Dis Rep 1994; 4: R130-R135.
10. Mølbak K, Baggesen DL, Aarestrup FM, et al. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant, quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1420-1425.
11. Pelt W van, Wannet WJB, Giessen AW van de, Duynhoven YTHP van. Trends in gastro-enteritis in the Netherlands. Lowest incidences in 2002 ever; the lull before the storm? [in Dutch]. Infectieziekten Bull 2003; 12: 424-430.
12. Threlfall EJ, Fisher IST, Berghold C, et al. Antimicrobial drug resistance in isolates of Salmonella enterica from cases of salmonellosis in humans in Europe in 2000: Results of international multi-centre surveillance. Euro Surveill 2003; 8: 41-45.
13. Rabatsky-Ehr T, Whichard J, Rossiter S, et al. Multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, United States, 1997-1998. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10: 795-801.
14. Glynn MK, Bopp C, Dewitt W, Dabney P, Mokhtar M, Angulo FJ. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States. N Eng J Med 1998; 338: 1333-1338.
15. Kimura AC, Reddy V, Marcus R, et al. Chicken consumption is a newly identified risk factor for sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infections in the United States: A case-control study in FoodNet sites. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38: 5244-5252.
16. Hedberg CW, David MJ, White KE, MacDonald KL, Osterholm MT. Role of egg consumption in sporadic Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium infections in Minnesota. J Infect Dis 1993; 167: 107-111.
17. Schmid H, Burnens AP, Bamogartner A, Oberreich J. Risk factors for sporadic salmonellosis in Switzerland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15: 725-732.
18. Mølbak K, Neimann J. Risk factors for sporadic infection with Salmonella Enteritidis, Denmark, 1997-1999. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 654-661.
19. Hayes S, Nylen G, Smith R, Salmon RL, Palmer SR. Undercooked hens eggs remain a risk factor for sporadic Salmonella Enteritidis infection. Commun Dis Public Health 1999; 2: 66-67.
20. Cogan TA, Humphrey TJ. The rise and fall of Salmonella Enteritidis in the UK. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 94: 114S-119S.
21. Banatvala N, Cramp A, Jones IR, Feldman RA. Salmonellosis in North Thames (East), UK: Associated risk factors. Epidemiol Infect 1999; 122: 201-207.
22. Cody SH, Abbott SL, Marfin AA, et al. Two outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Northern California. J Am Med Assoc 1999; 281: 1805-1810.
23. Delarocque-Astagneau E, Bouillant C, Vaillant V, Bouvet P, Grimont P, Desenclos J. Risk factors for the occurrence of sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infections in children in France: A national case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31: 488-492.
24. Davies A, O'Neill P, Towers L, Cooke M. An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 food poisoning associated with eating beef. Comm Dis Rep 1996; 6: 159-162.
25. Delpech V, McAnulty J, Morgan K. A salmonellosis outbreak linked to internally contaminated pork meat. Aust NZ J Public Health 1998; 22: 243-246.
26. Doré K, Buxton J, Henry B, et al. Risk factors for Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 and non-DT104 infection: A Canadian multi-provincial case-control study. Epidemiol Infect 2004; 132: 485-493.
27. Anon. Defective pasteurization linked to outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 infection in Lancashire. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 1998; 8: 335-338.
28. Kapperud G, Lassen J, Hasseltvedt V. Salmonella infections in Norway: descriptive epidemiology and a case-control study. Epidemiol Infect 1998; 121: 569-577.
29. Duijkeren E van, Wannet WJB, Houwers DJ, Pelt W van. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella strains isolated from humans, cattle, pigs, and chickens in the Netherlands from 1984 to 2001. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 3574-3578.
30. Duijkeren E van, Wannet WJB, Houwers DJ, Pelt W van. Serotype and phage type distribution of Salmonella strains isolated from humans, cattle, pigs and chickens in the Netherlands from 1984 to 2001. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 3980-3985.
31. Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: Wiley, 1987.
32. Greenland S, Finkle WD. A critical look at methods for handling missing covariates in epidemiologic regression analyses. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142: 1255-1264.
33. Buuren S van, Oudshoorn CGM. Multivariate imputation by chained equations. MICE version 1.0 user's manual. TNO report PG/GZ/00.038. Leiden: TNO Prevention and Health, 2000.
34. Schutze GE, Sikes JD, Stefanova R, Cave MD. The home environment and salmonellosis in children. Pediatrics 1999; 103: E1.
35. Santamaria J, Toranzos GA. Enteric pathogens and soil: A short review. Int Microbiol 2003; 6: 5-9.
36. Anderson GL, Caldwell KN, Beuchat LR, Williams PL. Interaction of a free-living soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, with surrogates of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. J Food Prot 2003; 66: 1543-1549.
37. Glynn MK, Reddy V, Hutwagner L. Prior antimicrobial agent use increases the risk of sporadic infections with multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium: A FoodNet case-control study, 1996-1997. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38: S227-S236.
38. Neal KR, Briji SO, Slack RC, Hawkey CJ, Logan RF. Recent treatment with H2 antagonists and antibiotics and gastric surgery as risk factors for Salmonella infection. BMJ 1994; 308: 176.
39. Swift L, Hunter PR. What do negative associations between potential risk factors and illness in analytical epidemiological studies of infectious disease really mean? Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19: 219-223.
40. Tam CC. Campylobacter reporting at its peak year of 1998: Don't count your chickens yet. Commun Dis Public Health 2001; 4: 194-199.