State of the science: Procedural pain management in the neonate

Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 56-61

  D'Apolito, Karen C ^a,b  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF NURSING   (United States)

Author keywords

Neonate; Pain; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; GLUCOSE; SUCROSE;

ANALGESIA; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BREAST MILK; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERIZATION; CHILD CARE; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; NEWBORN; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; NEWBORN NURSING; NURSE ATTITUDE; NURSING; NURSING ASSESSMENT; NURSING RESEARCH; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PHLEBOTOMY; REVIEW; SUCKING;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANALGESIA; ANALGESICS; CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; INFANT CARE; INFANT, NEWBORN; INTENSIVE CARE, NEONATAL; INTUBATION, INTRATRACHEAL; MILK, HUMAN; NEONATAL NURSING; NURSE'S ROLE; NURSING ASSESSMENT; NURSING RESEARCH; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PHLEBOTOMY; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; SUCKING BEHAVIOR; SUCROSE;

EID: 33646084184     PISSN: 08932190     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005237-200601000-00018     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Taddio A, Katz J, Ilersich A, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. Lancet. 1997;349:599-603.
2. Porter F, Grunau R, Anand K. Long-term effects of pain in infants. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1999;20:253-261.
3. Stevens B, Johnson C. Physiological response of premature infants to a painful stimuli. Nurs Res. 1994;43:226-231.
4. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn, Committee on Drugs, Section on Anesthesiology, Section on Surgery. Neonatal anesthesia. Pediatrics. 1987;80:446.
5. Baker D, Rutter N. Exposure to invasive procedures in neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1995;72:F47-F48.
6. Johnson C, Collinge J, Henderson S, Anand K, Phil D. Cross-sectional survey of pain and pharmacologic analgesia in Canadian neonatal intensive care. Can J Pain. 1997;13:308-312.
7. Benis M, Suresh G. Frequency of invasive procedures in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Pediatr Res. 2001;49:392A.
8. Porter F, Anand K. Epidemiology of pain in neonates. Res Clin Forums. 1998;20:9-18.
9. Simons S, vanDijk M, Anand K, Roofthooft D, vanLingen R, Tibboel D. Do we still hurt newborn babies? Prospective study of procedural pain and analgesia in neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:1058-1064.
10. McLaughlin C, Hull J, Edwards W, Cramer C, Dewey W. Neonatal pain: a comprehensive survey of attitudes and practices. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1993;8:7-16.
11. Bauchner H, May A, Coates E. Use of analgesic agents for invasive medical procedures in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. J Pediatr. 1992;121:647-649.
12. Fernandez C, Rees E. Pain management in Canadian level 3 neonatal intensive care units. Can Med Assoc J. 1994;150:469-470.
13. Dick M. Preterm infant in pain: nurses' and physicians' perceptions. Clin Nurs Res. 1993;2(2):176-187.
14. Anand K. International evidence-based group for neonatal pain. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155:173-180.
15. Porter F, Wolf C, Miller J. Procedural pain in newborn infants: influence of intensity and development. Pediatrics. 1999;104:13-22.
16. Porter F, Wolf C, Gold J, Lotsoff D, Miller P. Pain and pain management in newborn infants: a survey of physicians and nurses. Pediatrics. 1997;100:626-632.
17. Giannakoulopoulos X, Teixeria J, Fisk N, Glover V. Human fetal and maternal noradrenalin responses to invasive procedures. Pediatr Res. 1999;45:494-499.
18. Smith R, Gitau R, Glover V, Fisk N. Pain and stress in the human infant. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2000;92:161-165.
19. Anand K, Scalzo F. Can adverse neonatal experience alter brain development and subsequent development? Biol Neonate. 2000;77:69-82.
20. Anand K, Coskun V, Thrivikraman K, Nemeroff C, Plotsky P. Long-term behavioral effects of repetitive pain in neonatal rat pups. Physiol Behav. 1999;66:627-637.
21. Grunau R, Oberland T, Whitfield M, Fitzgerald C, Lee S. Demographic and therapeutic determinants of pain reactivity in very low birth weight neonates at 32 weeks post-conceptual age. Pediatrics. 2001;107:105-112.
22. Stevens B. Pain management in newborns: how far have we progressed in research and practice. Birth. 1996;23:229-235.
23. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn, Committee on Drugs, Section on Anesthesiology, Section on Surgery, and Canadian Paediatric Society, Fetus and Newborn Committee. Prevention and management of pain and stress in the neonate. Pediatrics. 2000;105:453-461.
24. Zenk K, Sills J, Koeppel R. Drug monographs. Neonatal Medications & Nutrition: A Comprehensive Guide. 3rd ed. Petaluma, Calif: NICU Inc; 2003.
25. Menon G, Anand K, McIntosh N. Practical approaches to analgesia and sedation in the neonatal intensive care unit. Semin Perinatol. 1998;22:417-424.
26. Moustogiannis AN, Raju TN, Roohey T, McCulloch KM. Intravenous morphine attenuates pain induced changes in skin blood flow in newborn infants. Neurol Res. 1996;18(5):440-444.
27. Cordero L, Gardner D, O'Shaughnessy R. Analgesia vs sedation during broviac catheter placement. Am J Perinatol. 1991;8:284-287.
28. Anand K, McIntosh N, Hugo L, Pelausa E, Young T, Vasa R. Analgesia and sedation in preterm neonates who require ventilatory support: results from the NOPAIN study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:331-338.
29. Quinn M, Wild D, Hartley R, Rushforth J, Puntis J, Levene M. Randomized double-blind controlled trial of effect of morphine on catecholamine concentrations in ventilated pre-term babies. Lancet. 1993;342:324-327.
30. Anand K, Sippill W, Aynsley-Green A. Randomized trial of fetanyl anesthesia in preterm babies undergoing surgery: effects on the stress response. Lancet. 1987;1:243-248.
31. Baker D, Rutter N. Stress, severity of illness, and outcome in ventilated preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1996;75:F187-F190.
32. Saarenmaa E, Huttunen P, Leppaluoto J, Meretoja O, Fellman V. Advantages of fentanyl over morphine in analgesia for ventilated newborn infants after birth. A randomized trial. J Pediatr. 1999;134:144-150.
33. Anand K, Hansen D, Hickey P. Hormonal metabolic stress responses in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 1990;73:661-670.
34. Shah V, Taddio A, Ohlsson A. A randomized controlled trial of paracetamol for heel stick in neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1998;79:F209-F211.
35. Acharya A, Bustani C, Phillips J, Taub N, Beattie N. Randomised controlled trial of eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic cream for venepuncture in healthy preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1998;78:F138-F142.
36. Lindh V, Siklund U, Hakansson S. Assessment of the effects of EMLA during venipuncture in the newborn by analysis of heart rate variability. Pain. 2000;86:247-254.
37. Mcintosh N, vanVeen L, Brameyer H. Alleviation of the pain of heel prick in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1994;70:F177-F181.
38. Larson B, Jylli L, Lagercrantz H, Olsson G. Does local anesthetic cream (EMLA) alleviate pain from heel lancing in neonates. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1995;39:1028-1031.
39. Stevens B, Johnston C, Taddio A, et al. Management of pain from heel lance with lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream: is it safe and effective in premature infants? J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1999;20:216-221.
40. Stevens B, Johnston C, Frank L, Petryshen P, Jack A, Foster G. The efficacy of developmentally sensitive interventions and sucrose for relieving procedural pain in very low birth weight infants. Nurs Res. 1999;48:35-43.
41. Gibbins S, Stevens B, Hodnett E, Pinelli J, Ohlsson A, Darlington G. Efficacy and safety of sucrose for procedural pain relief in preterm and term neonates. Nurs Res. 2002;51:375-382.
42. Grabska J, Walden P, Lerer T, et al. Can oral sucrose relieve the pain and distress associated with screening for retinopathy of prematurity? J Perinatol. 2005;25:33-35.
43. Bauer K, Ketteler J, Hellwig M, Laurenz M, Versmold H. Oral glucose before venipuncture relieves neonatal pain, but stress is still evidenced by increase in oxygen consumption, energy expenditure and heart rate. Pediatr Res. 2004;55:695-700.
44. Abad F, Diaz N, Domenech E, Robayna M, Rico J. Oral sweet solution reduces pain-related behavior in preterm infants. Acta Paediatrica. 1996;85:854-858.
45. Bilgen H, Ozek E, Cebeci D, Ors R. Comparison of sucrose, expressed breast milk and breast feeding on the neonatal response to heel prick. J Pain. 2001;2:301-305.
46. Gray L, Miller L, Philipps B, Blass E. Breast feeding is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics. 2002;109:590-593.
47. Simons S, vanDijk M, van Linger R, et al. Randomised controlled trial evaluating effects of morphine on plasma adrenalin/noradrenalin concentrations in newborns. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005;90:F36-F40.
48. Lawrence J, Alcock K, McGrath P, Lay J, MacMurray S, Dulberg C. The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain. Neonatal Netw. 1993;12:59-66.
49. Zenk KE, Sills JH, Koeppel RM. Drug monographs. Neonatal Medications & Nutrition: A Comprehensive Guide. Petaluma, Calif: NICU Inc; 2003:1-6.
50. Anand K, DPhil M, Johnson C, et al. Analgesia and local anesthesia during invasive procedures in the neonate. Clin Ther. 2005;27:844-876.
51. Larsson B, Tannfeldt G, Lagercrantz H, Olsson G. Alleviation of the pain of venipuncture in neonates. Acta Paediatrica. 1998;87:774-779.
52. Abad R, Diaz-Gomez N, Domenech F, Gonzales D, Robayna M, Feria M. Oral sucrose compares favorably with lidocaine-prilocaine cream for pain relief during venipuncture in newborns. Acta Paediatrica. 2001;90:160-165.
53. Gradlin M, Eriksson M, Hilmqvist G, Holstein A, Schollin J. Pain reduction at venipuncture in newborns: oral glucose compared with local anesthetic cream. Pediatrics. 2002;110:1053-1057.
54. Ihlenfield J. Glucose water reduces neonates' pain better than skin cream. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2004;23(4):187.
55. Blass EM, Watt LB. Suckling- and sucrose-induced analgesia in human newborns. Pain. 1999;83(3):611-623.
56. Blass E, Hoffmeyer L. Sucrose as an analgesic for newborn infants. Pediatrics. 1991;82:215-220.
57. Schollin J. Analgesic effect of expressed breast milk in procedural pain in neonates. Acta Paediatrica. 2004;93:453-455.
58. Mooncey S, Giannakoulopoulos X, Glover V, Acolet D, Modi N. The effect of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact on plasma cortisol and B-endorphin concentrations in preterm infants. Infant Behav Dev. 1997;20:553-557.
59. Modi N, Glover V. Non-pharmacologic reduction of hypercortisolemia in preterm infants. Infant Behav Dev. 1998;21(Special International Conference on Infant Studies Issue):86.
60. Gray L, Watt L, Blass E. Skin-to-skin contact is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics. 2000;105:e14-e24.
61. Johnston C, Stevens B, Pinelli J. Kangaroo care is effective in diminishing pain response in preterm neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;157:1984-1988.
62. Ludington-Hoe S, Hosseini R, Torowicz D. Skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo care) analgesia for preterm infant heel stick. Clin Issues Adv Pract Crit Care. 2005;16:373-387.
63. Tsigos C, Chrousos G. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: neuroendocrine factors and stress. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:865-871.
64. Carbajal R, Veerapen S, Couderc S, Jugie M, Ville Y. Analgesic effect of breast feeding in term neonates: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2003;326:13-21.