메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 19-26

Capturing postoperative pain responses in critically ill infants aged 0 to 9 months

Author keywords

Behavioral measures; Infants; Pain; Pain behavior; Physiologic measures

Indexed keywords

MIDAZOLAM; MORPHINE;

EID: 33646082758     PISSN: 15297535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.PCC.0000192336.50286.8E     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0033552368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding a young child's pain
    • Mitchell P: Understanding a young child's pain. Lancet 1999; 354:1708
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1708
    • Mitchell, P.1
  • 3
    • 0033059705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consciousness, behavior, and clinical impact of the definition of pain
    • Anand KJS, Rovnaghi C, Walden M, et al: Consciousness, behavior, and clinical impact of the definition of pain. Pain Forum 1999; 8:64-73
    • (1999) Pain Forum , vol.8 , pp. 64-73
    • Anand, K.J.S.1    Rovnaghi, C.2    Walden, M.3
  • 4
    • 0036743497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges of judging pain in vulnerable infants
    • Craig KD, Korol CT, Pillai RR: Challenges of judging pain in vulnerable infants. Clin Perinatol 2002; 29:445-457
    • (2002) Clin Perinatol , vol.29 , pp. 445-457
    • Craig, K.D.1    Korol, C.T.2    Pillai, R.R.3
  • 5
    • 0031278776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision-making and paediatric pain: A review
    • Abu-Saad HH, Hamers JP: Decision-making and paediatric pain: A review. J Adv Nurs 1997; 26:946-952
    • (1997) J Adv Nurs , vol.26 , pp. 946-952
    • Abu-Saad, H.H.1    Hamers, J.P.2
  • 6
    • 0030695415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of neonatal responses to painful stimuli: A research review
    • Franck L, Miaskowski C: Measurement of neonatal responses to painful stimuli: A research review. J Pain Symptom Manage 1997; 14:343-378
    • (1997) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.14 , pp. 343-378
    • Franck, L.1    Miaskowski, C.2
  • 8
    • 0000756286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain assessment in neonates
    • Anand KJS, Stevens BJ, McGrath PJ (Eds). Amsterdam, Elsevier Science
    • Stevens B, Johnston C, Gibbins S: Pain assessment in neonates. In: Pain in Neonates. Anand KJS, Stevens BJ, McGrath PJ (Eds). Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, 1999, pp 101-134
    • (1999) Pain in Neonates , pp. 101-134
    • Stevens, B.1    Johnston, C.2    Gibbins, S.3
  • 9
    • 0345898002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foundations of knowledge about neonatal pain
    • Warnock F, Lander J: Foundations of knowledge about neonatal pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004; 27:170-179
    • (2004) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.27 , pp. 170-179
    • Warnock, F.1    Lander, J.2
  • 10
    • 0037151503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditioning and hyperalgesia in newborns exposed to repeated heel lances
    • Taddio A, Shah V, Gilbert-MacLeod C, et al: Conditioning and hyperalgesia in newborns exposed to repeated heel lances. JAMA 2002; 288:857-861
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 857-861
    • Taddio, A.1    Shah, V.2    Gilbert-MacLeod, C.3
  • 11
    • 0036731171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bedside assessment of heel lance pain in the hospitalised infant
    • Harrison D, Evans C, Johnston L, et al: Bedside assessment of heel lance pain in the hospitalised infant. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2002; 31:551-557
    • (2002) J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs , vol.31 , pp. 551-557
    • Harrison, D.1    Evans, C.2    Johnston, L.3
  • 12
    • 0033228078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors explaining lack of response to heel stick in preterm newborns
    • Johnston CC, Stevens B, Franck L, et al: Factors explaining lack of response to heel stick in preterm newborns. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999; 28:587-594
    • (1999) J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs , vol.28 , pp. 587-594
    • Johnston, C.C.1    Stevens, B.2    Franck, L.3
  • 13
    • 0033041035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heel lancing in term new-born infants: An evaluation of pain by frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability
    • Lindh V, Wiklund U, Hakansson S: Heel lancing in term new-born infants: An evaluation of pain by frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability. Pain 1999; 80:143-148
    • (1999) Pain , vol.80 , pp. 143-148
    • Lindh, V.1    Wiklund, U.2    Hakansson, S.3
  • 14
    • 0033175606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of pain from heel lance with lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream: Is it safe and efficacious in preterm infants?
    • Stevens B, Johnston C, Taddio A, et al: Management of pain from heel lance with lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream: Is it safe and efficacious in preterm infants? J Dev Behav Pediatr 1999; 20:216-221
    • (1999) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.20 , pp. 216-221
    • Stevens, B.1    Johnston, C.2    Taddio, A.3
  • 15
    • 0242576271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective pain reduction for multiple immunization injections in young infants
    • Cohen Reis E, Kraus Roth E, Syphan JL, et al: Effective pain reduction for multiple immunization injections in young infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157:1115-1120
    • (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.157 , pp. 1115-1120
    • Cohen Reis, E.1    Kraus Roth, E.2    Syphan, J.L.3
  • 16
    • 0038161064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMLA cream and oral glucose for immunization pain in 3-month-old infants
    • Lindh V, Wiklund U, Blomquist HK, et al: EMLA cream and oral glucose for immunization pain in 3-month-old infants. Pain 2003; 104:381-388
    • (2003) Pain , vol.104 , pp. 381-388
    • Lindh, V.1    Wiklund, U.2    Blomquist, H.K.3
  • 17
    • 0025041420 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal facial and cry responses to invasive and non-invasive procedures
    • Grunau RVE, Johnston CC, Craig KD: Neonatal facial and cry responses to invasive and non-invasive procedures. Pain 1990; 42:295-305
    • (1990) Pain , vol.42 , pp. 295-305
    • Grunau, R.V.E.1    Johnston, C.C.2    Craig, K.D.3
  • 18
    • 0031046446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination
    • Taddio A, Katz J, Ilersich AL, et al: Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. Lancet 1997; 349:599-603
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 599-603
    • Taddio, A.1    Katz, J.2    Ilersich, A.L.3
  • 19
    • 0028296225 scopus 로고
    • Acetaminophen analgesia in neonatal circumcision: The effect on pain
    • Howard CR, Howard FM, Weitzman ML: Acetaminophen analgesia in neonatal circumcision: The effect on pain. Pediatrics 1994; 93:641-646
    • (1994) Pediatrics , vol.93 , pp. 641-646
    • Howard, C.R.1    Howard, F.M.2    Weitzman, M.L.3
  • 20
    • 0023987972 scopus 로고
    • Newborn pain cries and vagal tone: Parallel changes in response to circumcision
    • Porter FL, Porges S, Marshall RE: Newborn pain cries and vagal tone: Parallel changes in response to circumcision. Child Dev 1988; 59:495-505
    • (1988) Child Dev , vol.59 , pp. 495-505
    • Porter, F.L.1    Porges, S.2    Marshall, R.E.3
  • 21
    • 0032041343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesia for neonatal circumcision: A randomised controlled trial of EMLA cream versus dorsal penile nerve block
    • Butler-O'Hara M, LeMoine C, Guillet R: Analgesia for neonatal circumcision: A randomised controlled trial of EMLA cream versus dorsal penile nerve block. Pediatrics 1998; 101:E5
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.101
    • Butler-O'Hara, M.1    LeMoine, C.2    Guillet, R.3
  • 22
    • 0010638459 scopus 로고
    • Nurses' decision making regarding the use of sedatives and analgesics in pediatric ICU
    • Curley MAQ, McDermott B, Berry P, et al: Nurses' decision making regarding the use of sedatives and analgesics in pediatric ICU. Heart Lung 1992; 21:296
    • (1992) Heart Lung , vol.21 , pp. 296
    • Curley, M.A.Q.1    McDermott, B.2    Berry, P.3
  • 23
    • 0028334406 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two measures of facial activity during pain in the newborn child
    • Craig KD, Hadjistavropoulos HD, Grunau RVE, et al: A comparison of two measures of facial activity during pain in the newborn child. J Pediatr Psychol 1994; 19:305-318
    • (1994) J Pediatr Psychol , vol.19 , pp. 305-318
    • Craig, K.D.1    Hadjistavropoulos, H.D.2    Grunau, R.V.E.3
  • 24
    • 0027411605 scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in pain expression in premature, full-term, two- and four-month-old infants
    • Johnston CC, Stevens B, Craig KD, et al: Developmental changes in pain expression in premature, full-term, two- and four-month-old infants. Pain 1993; 52:201-208
    • (1993) Pain , vol.52 , pp. 201-208
    • Johnston, C.C.1    Stevens, B.2    Craig, K.D.3
  • 25
    • 0023113234 scopus 로고
    • Pain expression in neonates: Facial action and cry
    • Grunau RVE, Craig KD: Pain expression in neonates: Facial action and cry. Pain 1987; 28:395-410
    • (1987) Pain , vol.28 , pp. 395-410
    • Grunau, R.V.E.1    Craig, K.D.2
  • 26
    • 0001198690 scopus 로고
    • Facial activity as a measure of neonatal pain expression
    • Tyler DC, Krane EJ (Eds). New York, Raven Press
    • Grunau RVE, Craig KD: Facial activity as a measure of neonatal pain expression. In: Advances in Pain Research Therapy. Tyler DC, Krane EJ (Eds). New York, Raven Press, 1990, pp 147-155
    • (1990) Advances in Pain Research Therapy , pp. 147-155
    • Grunau, R.V.E.1    Craig, K.D.2
  • 27
    • 0032102820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bedside application of the Neonatal Facial Coding System
    • Grunau RVE, Oberlander T, Holsti L, et al: Bedside application of the Neonatal Facial Coding System. Pain 1998; 76:277-286
    • (1998) Pain , vol.76 , pp. 277-286
    • Grunau, R.V.E.1    Oberlander, T.2    Holsti, L.3
  • 28
    • 0030814385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of pain in infants and toddlers: Developmental changes in facial action
    • Lilley CM, Craig KD, Grunau RE: The expression of pain in infants and toddlers: Developmental changes in facial action. Pain 1997; 72:161-170
    • (1997) Pain , vol.72 , pp. 161-170
    • Lilley, C.M.1    Craig, K.D.2    Grunau, R.E.3
  • 29
    • 0032831934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative pain expression in preschool children: Validation of the Child Facial Coding System
    • Gilbert CA, Lilley CM, Craig KD, et al: Postoperative pain expression in preschool children: Validation of the Child Facial Coding System. Clin J Pain 1999; 15:192-200
    • (1999) Clin J Pain , vol.15 , pp. 192-200
    • Gilbert, C.A.1    Lilley, C.M.2    Craig, K.D.3
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0035212514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations between behavioral and cardiac autonomic reactivity to acute pain in preterm neonates
    • Morison SJ, Grunau RE, Oberlander TF, et al: Relations between behavioral and cardiac autonomic reactivity to acute pain in preterm neonates. Clin J Pain 2001; 17:350-358
    • (2001) Clin J Pain , vol.17 , pp. 350-358
    • Morison, S.J.1    Grunau, R.E.2    Oberlander, T.F.3
  • 32
    • 0032995971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate variability in the neonate and infant: Analytical methods, physiological and clinical observations
    • Rosenstock EG, Cassuto Y, Zmora E: Heart rate variability in the neonate and infant: Analytical methods, physiological and clinical observations. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88:477-482
    • (1999) Acta Paediatr , vol.88 , pp. 477-482
    • Rosenstock, E.G.1    Cassuto, Y.2    Zmora, E.3
  • 33
    • 2142646058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The challenges of pain measurement in critically ill young children: A comprehensive review
    • Ramelet AS, Huijer Abu-Saad H, McDonald S, et al: The challenges of pain measurement in critically ill young children: A comprehensive review. Aust Crit Care 2004; 17:33-45
    • (2004) Aust Crit Care , vol.17 , pp. 33-45
    • Ramelet, A.S.1    Huijer Abu-Saad, H.2    McDonald, S.3
  • 34
    • 0026571542 scopus 로고
    • Assessing distress in pediatric intensive care environments: The COMFORT scale
    • Ambuel B, Hamlett KW, Marx CM, et al: Assessing distress in pediatric intensive care environments: The COMFORT scale. J Pediatr Psychol 1992; 17:92-109
    • (1992) J Pediatr Psychol , vol.17 , pp. 92-109
    • Ambuel, B.1    Hamlett, K.W.2    Marx, C.M.3
  • 35
    • 0033958999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reliability and validity of the COMFORT scale as a postoperative pain instrument in 0- to 3-year-old infants
    • Van Dijk M, De Boer JB, Koot HM, et al: The reliability and validity of the COMFORT scale as a postoperative pain instrument in 0- to 3-year-old infants. Pain 2000; 84:367-377
    • (2000) Pain , vol.84 , pp. 367-377
    • Van Dijk, M.1    De Boer, J.B.2    Koot, H.M.3
  • 36
    • 33646118662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The COMFORT score can reliably be extended for use in sedated PICU patients with abnormal baseline muscle tone
    • Nadkarni V, Griffith P, Tice L, et al: The COMFORT score can reliably be extended for use in sedated PICU patients with abnormal baseline muscle tone. Crit Care Med 1998; 27:A114
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.27
    • Nadkarni, V.1    Griffith, P.2    Tice, L.3
  • 37
    • 0035383362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of surgical and procedural pain in a critical care setting
    • Summer GJ, Puntillo KA: Management of surgical and procedural pain in a critical care setting. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2001; 13:233-242
    • (2001) Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am , vol.13 , pp. 233-242
    • Summer, G.J.1    Puntillo, K.A.2
  • 38
    • 0033942661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of early and repeated prone positioning in pediatric patients with acute lung injury
    • Curley MAQ, Thompson JE, Arnold JH: The effect of early and repeated prone positioning in pediatric patients with acute lung injury. Chest 2000; 118:156-153
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 156-1153
    • Curley, M.A.Q.1    Thompson, J.E.2    Arnold, J.H.3
  • 39
    • 0029315420 scopus 로고
    • Providing comfort to critically ill pediatric patients: Isoflurane
    • Curley MAQ, Molengraft JA: Providing comfort to critically ill pediatric patients: Isoflurane. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 1995; 7:267-674
    • (1995) Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am , vol.7 , pp. 267-674
    • Curley, M.A.Q.1    Molengraft, J.A.2
  • 40
    • 85016992183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit by using BIS and the COMFORT scale
    • Crain N, Slomin A, Ollack MM: Assessing sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit by using BIS and the COMFORT scale. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2002; 3:11-14
    • (2002) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.3 , pp. 11-14
    • Crain, N.1    Slomin, A.2    Ollack, M.M.3
  • 41
    • 33646107798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the bispectral index (BIS) with the COMFORT score to assess sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit
    • Azzam MA, Pascucci R, Curley MAQ, et al: Comparison of the bispectral index (BIS) with the COMFORT score to assess sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 28:A115
    • Crit Care Med , vol.28
    • Azzam, M.A.1    Pascucci, R.2    Curley, M.A.Q.3
  • 42
    • 0036673595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some pain, some gain: Reflections on the past two decades of neonatal pain research and treatment
    • Franck L: Some pain, some gain: Reflections on the past two decades of neonatal pain research and treatment. Neonatal Netw 2002; 21:37-41
    • (2002) Neonatal Netw , vol.21 , pp. 37-41
    • Franck, L.1
  • 43
    • 0002591288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometric issues in the measurement of pain
    • Finley GA, McGrath J (Eds). Seattle, IASP Press
    • Johnston CC: Psychometric issues in the measurement of pain. In: Measurement of Pain in Infants and Children. Finley GA, McGrath J (Eds). Seattle, IASP Press, 1998
    • (1998) Measurement of Pain in Infants and Children
    • Johnston, C.C.1
  • 44
    • 0025406983 scopus 로고
    • The use of ethology in clinical nursing research
    • Morse JM, Bottorff JL: The use of ethology in clinical nursing research. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 1990; 12:53-64
    • (1990) ANS Adv Nurs Sci , vol.12 , pp. 53-64
    • Morse, J.M.1    Bottorff, J.L.2
  • 45
    • 0347720980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive description of newborn distress behavior in response to acute pain (newborn male circumcision)
    • Warnock F, Sandrin D: Comprehensive description of newborn distress behavior in response to acute pain (newborn male circumcision). Pain 2004; 107:242-255
    • (2004) Pain , vol.107 , pp. 242-255
    • Warnock, F.1    Sandrin, D.2
  • 46
    • 0025521168 scopus 로고
    • Development and testing of a pediatric pain management sheet
    • Stevens BJ: Development and testing of a pediatric pain management sheet. Pediatr Nurs 1990; 16:543-548
    • (1990) Pediatr Nurs , vol.16 , pp. 543-548
    • Stevens, B.J.1
  • 47
    • 0030253750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Touch during preterm infant resuscitation
    • Kitchin LW, Hutchinson S: Touch during preterm infant resuscitation. Neonatal Netw 1996; 15:45-51
    • (1996) Neonatal Netw , vol.15 , pp. 45-51
    • Kitchin, L.W.1    Hutchinson, S.2
  • 48
    • 0032610471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comforting strategies used during nasogastric tube insertion
    • Penrod J, Morse J, Wilson S: Comforting strategies used during nasogastric tube insertion. J Clin Nurs 1999; 8:31-38
    • (1999) J Clin Nurs , vol.8 , pp. 31-38
    • Penrod, J.1    Morse, J.2    Wilson, S.3
  • 49
    • 0042197540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ethogram of neonatal distress behavior in response to acute pain (newborn male circumcision)
    • Warnock F: An ethogram of neonatal distress behavior in response to acute pain (newborn male circumcision). Infant Behav Dev 2003; 26:398-420
    • (2003) Infant Behav Dev , vol.26 , pp. 398-420
    • Warnock, F.1
  • 50
    • 0026147668 scopus 로고
    • The pain response of the post-operative newborn
    • Cote JJ, Morse JM, James SG: The pain response of the post-operative newborn. J Adv Nurs 1991; 16:378-387
    • (1991) J Adv Nurs , vol.16 , pp. 378-387
    • Cote, J.J.1    Morse, J.M.2    James, S.G.3
  • 51
    • 0348100867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain, consciousness and behaviour
    • Merskey H: Pain, consciousness and behaviour. Pain Res Manage 1997; 2:118-122
    • (1997) Pain Res Manage , vol.2 , pp. 118-122
    • Merskey, H.1
  • 52
    • 0031436864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judging pain in infants: Behavioural, contextual, and developmental determinants
    • Hadjistavropoulos HD, Craig KD, Grunau RE, et al: Judging pain in infants: Behavioural, contextual, and developmental determinants. Pain 1997; 73:319-324
    • (1997) Pain , vol.73 , pp. 319-324
    • Hadjistavropoulos, H.D.1    Craig, K.D.2    Grunau, R.E.3
  • 54
    • 0027478570 scopus 로고
    • Pain in the preterm neonate: Behavioral and physiological indices
    • Craig KD, Whitfield MF, Grunau RVE, et al: Pain in the preterm neonate: Behavioral and physiological indices. Pain 1993; 52:287-299
    • (1993) Pain , vol.52 , pp. 287-299
    • Craig, K.D.1    Whitfield, M.F.2    Grunau, R.V.E.3
  • 55
    • 0030670430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data
    • Cnaan A, Laird NM, Slasor P: Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data. Stat Med 1997; 16:2349-2380
    • (1997) Stat Med , vol.16 , pp. 2349-2380
    • Cnaan, A.1    Laird, N.M.2    Slasor, P.3
  • 56
    • 0030225540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated measures analysis of binary outcomes: Applications to injury research
    • Williamson DS, Bangdiwala SI, Marshall SW, et al: Repeated measures analysis of binary outcomes: Applications to injury research. Accid Anal Prev 1996; 28:571-579
    • (1996) Accid Anal Prev , vol.28 , pp. 571-579
    • Williamson, D.S.1    Bangdiwala, S.I.2    Marshall, S.W.3
  • 57
    • 0033570279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tutorial in biostatistics: Analysis of binary outcomes in longitudinal studies using weighted estimating equations and discrete-time survival methods. Prevalence and incidence of smoking in an adolescent cohort
    • Carlin JB, Wolfe R, Coffey C, et al: Tutorial in biostatistics: Analysis of binary outcomes in longitudinal studies using weighted estimating equations and discrete-time survival methods. Prevalence and incidence of smoking in an adolescent cohort. Stat Med 1999; 18:2655-2679
    • (1999) Stat Med , vol.18 , pp. 2655-2679
    • Carlin, J.B.1    Wolfe, R.2    Coffey, C.3
  • 58
    • 0028815931 scopus 로고
    • Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain responses during vaccination in boys
    • Taddio A, Goldbach M, Ipp M, et al: Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain responses during vaccination in boys. Lancet 1995; 345:291-292
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 291-292
    • Taddio, A.1    Goldbach, M.2    Ipp, M.3
  • 59
    • 3242737187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maturational changes in physiologic and behavioral responses of preterm neonates to pain
    • Walden M, Penticuff JH, Stevens B, et al: Maturational changes in physiologic and behavioral responses of preterm neonates to pain. Adv Neonatal Care 2001; 1:94-106
    • (2001) Adv Neonatal Care , vol.1 , pp. 94-106
    • Walden, M.1    Penticuff, J.H.2    Stevens, B.3
  • 60
    • 0348031180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain assessment and management in the critically ill: Wizardry or science?
    • Puntillo KA: Pain assessment and management in the critically ill: Wizardry or science? Am J Crit Care 2003; 12:310-316
    • (2003) Am J Crit Care , vol.12 , pp. 310-316
    • Puntillo, K.A.1
  • 61
    • 0032324084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of pain in infants
    • Abu-Saad HH: Assessment of pain in infants. Res Clin Forums 1998; 20:31-44
    • (1998) Res Clin Forums , vol.20 , pp. 31-44
    • Abu-Saad, H.H.1
  • 62
    • 0242413319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal Facial Coding System for assessing postoperative pain in infants: Item reduction is valid and feasible
    • Peters JWB, Root HM, Grunau RE, et al: Neonatal Facial Coding System for assessing postoperative pain in infants: Item reduction is valid and feasible. Clin J Pain 2003; 19:353-363
    • (2003) Clin J Pain , vol.19 , pp. 353-363
    • Peters, J.W.B.1    Root, H.M.2    Grunau, R.E.3
  • 63
    • 33646115987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are we hurting our children? Procedural pain in acute care settings
    • San Diego, World Pain Congress, 2002
    • Morris AB, Stanik-Hutt J, Thompson CI, et al: Are we hurting our children? Procedural pain in acute care settings. Abstr. In: World Pain Congress, 2002. San Diego, World Pain Congress, 2002
    • (2002) World Pain Congress
    • Morris, A.B.1    Stanik-Hutt, J.2    Thompson, C.I.3
  • 64
    • 0034015210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are twitches, startles, and body movements pain indicators in extremely low birth weight infants?
    • Grunau RE, Holsti L, Whitfield MF, et al: Are twitches, startles, and body movements pain indicators in extremely low birth weight infants? Clin J Pain 2000; 16:37-45
    • (2000) Clin J Pain , vol.16 , pp. 37-45
    • Grunau, R.E.1    Holsti, L.2    Whitfield, M.F.3
  • 65
    • 0032605346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of developmentally sensitive interventions and sucrose for relieving procedural pain in very low birth weight neonates
    • Stevens B, Johnston C, Franck L, et al: The efficacy of developmentally sensitive interventions and sucrose for relieving procedural pain in very low birth weight neonates. Nurs Res 1999; 48:35-43
    • (1999) Nurs Res , vol.48 , pp. 35-43
    • Stevens, B.1    Johnston, C.2    Franck, L.3
  • 66
    • 0033835912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary validation of an observational pain checklist for persons with cognitive impairments and inability to communicate verbally
    • Breau LM, McGrath PJ, Camfield C, et al: Preliminary validation of an observational pain checklist for persons with cognitive impairments and inability to communicate verbally. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42:609-616
    • (2000) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 609-616
    • Breau, L.M.1    McGrath, P.J.2    Camfield, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.