Predictors of biting fly harassment and its impact on habitat use by feral horses (Equus caballus) on a barrier island

Journal of Ethology

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 147-154

  Powell, David M ^a   Danze, David E ^b   Gwinn, Michael A ^c  

^a WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY   (United States)

^b SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION   (United States)

^c GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Barrier Island; Fly; Habitat use; Harassment; Horses

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; EQUIDAE; EQUUS CABALLUS; HEXAPODA; INSECTA;

EID: 33645962478     PISSN: 02890771     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10164-005-0174-2     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Altmann P, Dittmer D (1968) Metabolism. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Bethesda, MD
2. Duncan P, Cowtan P (1980) An unusual choice of habitat helps Camargue horses to avoid blood-sucking flies. Biol Behav 5:55-60
3. Duncan P, Vigne N (1979) The effects of group size in horses on the rates of attack by blood-sucking flies. Anim Behav 27:623-625
4. Espmark Y, Langvatn R (1979) Lying down as a means of reducing fly harassment in red deer (Cervus elaphus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 5:51-55
5. Hamilton WD (1971) Geometry for the selfish herd. J Theor Biol 31:295-311
6. Hargrove JW, Holloway MTP, Vale GA, Gough AJE, Hall DR (1995) Catches of tsetse (Glossina spp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae) from traps and targets baited with large doses of natural and synthetic host odour. Bull Entomol Res 85:215-227
7. Hart BL (1990) Behavioral adaptations to pathogens and parasites: five strategies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 14:273-294
8. Hart BL (1994) Behavioural defense against parasites: interaction with parasite invasiveness. Parasitology 109:139-151
9. Hughes RD, Duncan P, Dawson J (1981) Interactions between Camargue horses and horse flies (Tabanidae). Bull Entomol Res 71:227-242
10. Keiper R, Berger J (1982) Refuge-seeking and pest avoidance by feral horses in desert and island environments. Appl Anim Ethol 9:111-120
11. Knox P, Hays K (1972) Attraction of Tabanus spp. (Diptera: Tabanidae) to traps baited with carbon dioxide and other chemicals. Environ Entomol 1:323-326
12. Mooring M, Hart B (1992) Animal grouping for protection from parasites: selfish herd and encounter-dilution effects. Behaviour 123:173-193
13. Mooring MS, Fitzpatrick TA, Fraser IC, Benjamin JE, Reisig DD, Nishihira TT (2003) Insect-defense behavior by desert bighorn sheep. Southwest Nat 48:635-643
14. Morgan N, Lee R (1977) Vegetative barriers influence flight direction of saltmarsh greenheads. Mosq News 37:263-268
15. Rockel E, Hansens E (1970a) Emergence and flight activity of saltmarsh horseflies and deerflies. Ann Entomol Soc Am 63:27-31
16. Rockel E, Hansens E (1970b) Distribution of larval horseflies and deerflies of a New Jersey saltmarsh. Ann Entomol Soc Am 63:681-684
17. Rubenstein DI, Hohmann ME (1989) Parasites and social behavior of island feral horses. Oikos 55:312-320
18. Rutberg A (1987) Horse fly harassment and the social behavior of feral ponies. Ethology 75:145-154
19. Smythe R, Goody P (1972) The horse. JA Allen, London
20. Tashiro H, Schwardt H (1949) Biology of the major species of horse flies of central New York. J Econ Entomol 42:269-272
21. Tashiro H, Schwardt H (1953) Biological studies of horseflies in New York. J Econ Entomol 46:813-822
22. Tyler SJ (1972) The behaviour and social organization of the New Forest ponies. Anim Behav Monogr 5:85-196