Parenting gone wired: Empowerment of new mothers on the internet?

Social and Cultural Geography

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 199-220

  Madge, Clare ^a   O'Connor, Henrietta ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cyberspace; Empowerment; Internet; Mothers

Indexed keywords

EMPOWERMENT; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; INTERNET; PARENTAL CARE;

EID: 33645755627     PISSN: 14649365     EISSN: 14701197     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14649360600600528     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Aitken, S. (1999) Fathers and faltering: 'sorry but you don't have the necessary accoutrements' Environment and Planning A, 32, pp. 581-598.
2. Aitken, S. (2000) Mothers, communities and the scale of difference Social and Cultural Geography, 1, pp. 65-82.
3. Alder, C.L. and Zarchin, Y.R. (2002) The 'virtual focus group': Using the internet to reach pregnant women on home bed rest Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 31, pp. 418-427.
4. Bailey, L. (1999) Refracted selves?: A study of changes in self-identity in the transition to motherhood Sociology, 33, pp. 335-352.
5. Blair, K. and Takayoshi, P.(1999) Mapping the terrain of feminist cyberspaces. In Feminist Cyberspaces. (pp. 1-18). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
6. Bos, H.M.W. and van Balen, F. and van der Boom, D.C. (2004) Experiences of parenthood, couple relationship, social support and child-rearing goals in planned lesbian mother families Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45, pp. 755-764.
7. Brush, L.D. (1999) Motherhood and feminist politics Signs, 21, pp. 429 - 454.
8. Buckby, S.(1998) Government plays its hand in a game of happy families. In Financial Times. 24 July
9. Burrows, R. and Nettleton, S. and Please, N. and Loader, B. and Muncer, S. (2000) Virtual community care? Social policy and the emergence of computer mediated social support Information, Communication and Society, 3, pp. 1 - 16.
10. Carter, C. and Grieco, M. (2000) New deals, no wheels: Social exclusion, tele-options and elective ontology Urban Studies, 37, pp. 1735-1748.
11. Chen, S.S-L. and Hall, G.J. and Johns, M.D.(2004) Research paparazzi in cyberspace: The voices of the researched. In Online Social Research: Methods, Issues, Ethics. (pp. 157-175). New York: Peter Lang.
12. (1996) Wired Women: Gender and New Realities in Cyberspace. Seattle: Seal Press.
13. Collins, P.H.(1994) Shifting the centre: Race, class and feminist theorising about motherhood. In Mothering: Ideology, Experience and Agency. (pp. 45-66). London: Routledge.
14. Correll, S. (1995) The ethnography of an electronic bar: The lesbian café Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 24, pp. 270-298.
15. Coyne, J.C. and Gottlieb, B.H. (1996) The mismeasure of coping by checklist Journal of Personality, 64, pp. 959-991.
16. Cunneen, C. and Stubbs, J. (2000) Male violence, male fantasy and the commodification of women through the Internet International Review of Victimology, 7, pp. 5-28.
17. Davidson, J. (2001) Pregnant pauses: Agoraphobic embodiment and the limits of (im)pregnability Gender, Place and Culture, 8, pp. 283-297.
18. Davies, J. (2004) Negotiating femininities online Gender and Education, 16, pp. 35-49.
19. Dodge, M. and Kitchin, R.(2001) Mapping Cyberspace. London: Routledge.
20. Duncan, S. and Smith, D. (2002) Geographies of family fortunes: Spatial differences and gender cultures in Britain Transactions for the Institute of British Geographers, 27, pp. 471-493.
21. Eble, M. and Breault, R. (2002) The primetime agora: Knowledge, power and 'mainstream' resource venues for women online Computers and Composition, 19, pp. 315-329.
22. Ekinsmyth, C. and Elmhirst, R. and Holloway, S. and Jarvis, H.(2004) Love changes all: Making some noise by 'coming out' as mothers. In Geography and Gender Reconsidered. (pp. 95-107). in Women and Geography Study Group (eds)
23. Engel, M. and Fisher, C. (1997/8) Women and wires: Feminist connections and the politics of cyberspace WE International, 42/43, pp. 32-34.
24. Family and Child Protection Group.(1998) Family Matters. Bedford: Centre for Contemporary Ministry.
25. Ferguson, T. (1997) Health care in cyberspace: Patients lead a revolution The Futurist, 31, pp. 29-33.
26. Figes, K.(1998) Life after Birth: What Even Your Friends Won't Tell You about Motherhood. London: Penguin.
27. Finn, J. and Banach, M. (2000) Victimization online: The downside of seeking human services for women on the Internet Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 3, pp. 785-796.
28. Fogel, J. (2004) Internet breast health information use and coping among women with breast cancer CyberPsychology and Behavior, 7, pp. 59-64.
29. Gajjala, R. (2003) South Asian digital diasporas and cyberfeminist webs: negotiating globalization, nation, gender and information technology Contemporary South Asia, 12, pp. 41-56.
30. Gajjala, R. and Mamidipudi, A. (1999) Cyberfeminism, technology and international 'development' Gender and Development, 7, pp. 8-16.
31. (2001) Virtual Gender: Technology, Consumption and Identity. London: Routledge.
32. Grimshaw, R. and McGuire, C.(1998) Evaluating Parenting Programmes: A Study of Stakeholders' Views. London: National Children's Bureau and Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
33. Gurak, L.(2001) Cyberliteracy: Navigating the Internet with Awareness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
34. Gurak, L.J. and Ebeltoft-Kraske, L. (1999) The rhetorics of gender in computer mediated communication The Information Society, 15, pp. 147-150.
35. Hanson, S.(2000) Reconceptualising accessibility?. In Information, Place and Cyberspace. (pp. 267-278). New York: Springer.
36. Haraway, D. (1985) A manifesto for cyborgs: Science, technology and social feminism in the 1980s Socialist Review, 80, pp. 65-107.
37. (1999) WomenΙnternet. In. London: Zed.
38. Harcourt, W. (2000) The personal and political: Women using the internet Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 3, pp. 699 - 706.
39. Hardey, M. (2002) Life beyond the screen: Embodiment and identity through the Internet Sociological Review, 50, pp. 570-585.
40. Hardwick, J.C.R. and MacKenzie, F.M. (2003) Information contained in miscarriage-related websites and the predictive value of website scoring systems European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 106, pp. 60-63.
41. Hawisher, G.E. and Sullivan, P.A.(1999) Fleeting images: Women visually writing on the web. In Passion, Pedagogies and 21st Century Technologies. (pp. 268-291). Logan: Utah State.
42. Haythornthwaite, C. and Wellman, B.(2002) The internet in everyday life: an introduction. In The Internet in Everyday Life. (pp. 3-41). Oxford: Blackwell.
43. Healy, D.(1997) Cyberspace and place: The internet as middle landscape on the electronic frontier. In Internet Culture. (pp. 55-68). London: Routledge.
44. Herring, S.(1996) Posting in a different voice: Gender and ethics in computer-mediated communication. In Philosophic Perspectives in Computer-Mediated Communication. (pp. 115-146). Albany: State University of York Press.
45. Higgins, R. and Rushaija, E. and Medhurst, A.(1999) Technowhores. In Desire by Design: Body, Territories and the New Technologies. (pp. 111-122). London: I.B. Tauris. in Cutting Edge: The Women's Research Group (eds)
46. Hocks, M.E. (1999) Feminist interventions in electronic environments Computers and Composition, 16, pp. 107 - 119.
47. Holloway, S. (1998) Local childcare cultures: Moral geographies of mothering and the social organisation of pre-school education Gender, Place and Culture, 5, pp. 29-53.
48. Holloway, S.(1999) Reproducing motherhood. In Geographies of New Femininities. (pp. 91-112). London: Pearson Education.
49. Holloway, S. and Valentine, G. (2001a) Making an argument: Writing up in human geography projects Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 25, pp. 127-132.
50. Holloway, S. and Valentine, G. (2001b) 'It's only as stupid as you are': children's and adults' negotiation of ICT competence at home and at school Social and Cultural Geography, 2, pp. 25-42.
51. Howard, P.E. and Rainie, L. and Jones, S.(2002) Days and nights on the internet. In The Internet in Everyday Life. (pp. 45-73). Oxford: Blackwell.
52. Hudson, D.B. and Campbell-Grossman, C. and Ofefleck, M. and Elek, S.M. and Shipman, A. (2003) Effect of new fathers network on first-time fathers' parenting self-efficacy and parenting satisfaction during the transition to parenthood Issues in Comprehensive Paediatric Nursing, 26, pp. 217-229.
53. Imken, O.(1999) The convergence of virtual and actual in the global matrix: Artificial life, geo-economics and psychogeography. In Virtual Geographies. (pp. 92-106). London: Routledge.
54. Jenson, J. and de Castell, S. and Bryson, M. (2003) 'Girl talk': Gender, equity and identity discourses in a school-based computer culture Women's Studies International Forum, 26, pp. 561-573.
55. Josok, G.H. and Lagesen, V. and Sorensen, K. (2003) Out of the boys room? A critical analysis of understanding of gender and ICT in Norway NORA: Nordic Journal of Women's Studies, 11, pp. 130-139.
56. Kennedy, T.L.M. (2000) An exploratory study of feminist experiences in cyberspace Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 3, pp. 707-719.
57. Kitchin, R.M.(1998a) Cyberspace: The World in the Wires. Chichester: Wiley.
58. Kitchin, R.M. (1998b) Towards geographies of cyberspace Progress in Human Geography, 22, pp. 385-406.
59. Kramer, J. and Kramarae, C.(2000) Women's political webs: Global electronic networks. In Gender, Politics and Communication. (pp. 205-222). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
60. Lamp, J.M. and Howard, P.A. (1999) Guiding parent's use of the internet for newborn education Maternal-Child Nursing Journal, 24, pp. 33-36.
61. Liff, S. and Steward, F. and Watts, P.(2002) New public places for internet access: Networks for practice-based learning and social inclusion. In Virtual Society? Technology, Cyberbole, Reality. (pp. 78 - 98). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
62. Lindsay, S. (2004) The influences of the 'spaces of everyday life' on pregnancy health Canadian Geographer, 48, pp. 35-51.
63. Lorensen, M. and Wilson, M. and White, M. (2004) Norwegian families: transition to parenthood Health Care for Women International, 25, pp. 334-348.
64. Madge, C. and O'Connor, H. (2002) On-line with e-mums: Exploring the internet as a medium for research Area, 34, pp. 92-102.
65. Madge, C. and O'Connor, H. (2005) Mothers in the making?: Exploring liminality in cyber/space Transactions for the Institute of British Geographers, 30, pp. 83-97.
66. Malina, D. and Nutt, D. (2000) Grey literature is a feminist issue: women's knowledge and the net The International Journal on Grey Literature, 1, pp. 18-27.
67. Mann, C. and Stewart, F.(2000) Internet Communication and Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
68. Margolis, M. and Resnick, D.(2000) Politics as Usual: The Cyberspace 'Revolution'. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
69. Martin, L.M. and Wright, L.T. (2005) No gender in cyberspace?: empowering entrepreneurship and innovation in female-run ICT small firms International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 11, pp. 162-178.
70. Mitra, A. (2001) Marginal voices in cyberspace New Media and Society, 3, pp. 29-48.
71. Miyata, K.(2002) Social support for Japanese mothers online and offline. In The Internet in Everyday Life. (pp. 520-548). Oxford: Blackwell.
72. Nakamura, L.(2002) Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity and Identity on the Internet. New York: Routledge.
73. Nettleton, S. and Burrows, R. and Malley, L. and Watt, I. (2004) Health e-types? Information, Communication and Society, 7, pp. 531-553.
74. Nettleton, S. and Pleace, N. and Burrows, R. and Muncer, S. and Loader, B.(2002) The reality of virtual social support. In Virtual Society? Technology, Cyberbole, Reality. (pp. 176-188). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
75. Nguyen, D.T. and Alexander, J.(1996) The coming of cyberspacetime and the end of polity. In Cultures of the Internet: Virtual Spaces, Real Histories, Living Bodies. (pp. 91-124). London: Sage.
76. Oakley, A.(1979) Becoming a Mother. Oxford: Martin Robertson.
77. O'Connor, P. (2001) Supporting mothers: Issues in a community mothers programme Community, Work and Family, 4, pp. 63-85.
78. Paccagnella, L. (1997) Getting the seat of your pants dirty: Strategies for ethnographic research on virtual communities Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 3(1). http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/issue1/ paccagnella.html (accessed April 2005)
79. Pandey, S.K. and Hart, J.J. and Tiwary, S. (2003) Women's health and the internet: Understanding emerging trends and implications Social Science and Medicine, 56, pp. 179-191.
80. Parr, H. (2002) New body-geographies: The embodied spaces of health and medical information on the internet Environment and planning D: Society and Space, 20, pp. 73-95.
81. Pendergrass, S. and Nosek, M.A. and Holcomb, J.D. (2001) Design and evaluation of an Internet site to educate women with disabilities on reproductive health care Sexuality and Disability, 19, pp. 71-83.
82. (1991) Motherhood: Meanings, Practices, Ideologies. London: Sage.
83. Pitts, V. (2004) Illness and internet empowerment: Writing and reading breast cancer in cyberspace Health, 8, pp. 33-59.
84. Plant, S.(2000) On the matrix: Cyberfeminist simulations. In The Cybercultures Reader. (pp. 325-436). London: Routledge.
85. Pudrovska, T. and Ferree, M.M. (2004) Global activism in virtual space: the European Women's Lobby in the network of transnational women's NGOs on the web Social Politics, 11, pp. 117-143.
86. Roberts, L.D. and Parks, M.R.(2001) The social geography of gender switching in virtual environments on the Internet. In Virtual Gender: Technology, Consumption and Gender. (pp. 265-285). London: Routledge.
87. (1997) Bounty Infant Health and Feeding Guide. Norfolk: Bounty Publications Ltd
88. Safran, C. (2003) The collaborative edge: Patient empowerment for vulnerable populations International Journal of Medical Informatics, 69, pp. 185-190.
89. Sarkadi, A. and Bremberg, S. (2005) Socially unbiased parenting support on the internet: A cross-sectional study of users of a large Swedish parenting website Child: Care, Health and Development, 31, pp. 43-52.
90. Savicki, V. and Kelley, M. (2000) Computer mediated communication: gender and group composition Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 3, pp. 817-826.
91. Seymour, W. (2001) In the flesh or online? Exploring qualitative research methodologies Qualitative Research, 1, pp. 147-168.
92. Shade, L.R. (2003) Whose global knowledge? Women navigating the net Development, 46, pp. 49-54.
93. Sharf, B. (1997) Communicating breast cancer online: Support and empowerment on the Internet Women and Health, 26, pp. 65-84.
94. Shields, R.(2003) The Virtual. London: Routledge.
95. Sutton, J. and Pollock, S. (2000) Online activism for women's rights Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 3, pp. 699-706.
96. Thorp, S.R. and Krause, E.D. and Cukrowicz, K.C. and Lynch, T.R. (2004) Postpartum partner support, demand-withdraw communication and maternal stress Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28, pp. 362-369.
97. Travers, A. (2003) Parallel subaltern feminist counterpublics in cyberspace Sociological Perspectives, 46, pp. 223-237.
98. Valentine, G. (1997) 'My son's a bit dizzy'. 'My wife's a bit soft': gender, children and cultures of parenting Gender, Place and Culture, 4, pp. 37-62.
99. Valentine, G.(2001) Social Geographies. Space and Society. Harlow: Prentice Hall.
100. Valentine, G. and Holloway, S. (2001) A window on the wider world? Rural children's use of information and communication technologies Journal of Rural Studies, 17, pp. 383-394.
101. Valentine, G. and Holloway, S. (2002) Cyberkids? Exploring children's identities and social networks in on-line and off-line worlds Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92, pp. 302-319.
102. Valentine, G. and Holloway, S. and Bingham, H. (2002) The digital generation?: Children, ICT and the everyday nature of social exclusion Antipode, 34, pp. 296-315.
103. Vehvilainen, M.(2001) Gender and citizenship in the information society: women's information technology groups in North Karelia. In Virtual Gender: Technology, Consumption and Identity. (pp. 225-240). London: Routledge.
104. Wakeford, N.(1999) Gender and the landscapes of computing in an Internet café. In Virtual Geographies. (pp. 178-202). London: Routledge.
105. Warf, B. (2001) Segueways into cyberspace: Multiple geographies of the digital divide Environment and Planning B, Planning and Design, 28, pp. 3-19.
106. Watt, S.E. and Lea, M. and Spears, R.(2002) How social is Internet communication? A reappraisal of bandwidth and anonymity effects. In Virtual Society? Technology, Cyberbole, Reality. (pp. 61-77). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
107. Wellman, B. and Gulia, M.(1999) Virtual communities as communities: Net surfers don't ride alone. In Communities in Cyberspace. (pp. 167-194). London: Routledge.
108. White, M.(2001) Virtual pleasure in textual places: Gazing in the multi-user object-orientated worlds. In Virtual Gender: Technology, Consumption and Identity. (pp. 124-149). London: Routledge.
109. Woolgar, S.(2002) Five rules of virtuality. In Virtual Society? Technology, Cyberbole, Reality. (pp. 1-22). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
110. Youngs, G.(2001) Theoretical reflections on networking in practice: The case of the women on the net. In Virtual Gender: Technology, Consumption and Identity. (pp. 84-99). London: Routledge.