The role of anxiety in seeking and retaining risk information: Testing the risk perception attitude framework in two studies

Human Communication Research

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 130-156

  Turner, Monique Mitchell ^a   Rimal, Rajiv N ^b   Morrison, Daniel ^c   Kim, Hyojin ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33645720240     PISSN: 03603989     EISSN: 14682958     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2006.00006.x     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. American Diabetes Association (2002). All About Diabetes. Retrieved February 28, 2004, from http://diabetes.org/about-diabetes.jsp.
2. Babrow, A. S. (2001). Uncertainty, value, communication, and problematic integration. Journal of Communication, 51, 553-573.
3. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
4. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147.
5. Bandura, A. (1983). Self-efficacy determinants of anticipated fears and calamities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 464-469.
6. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
7. Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 1-45). New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. Bandura, A. (1999). A social cognitive theory of personality. In L. Pervin & O. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality (2nd. ed., pp. 154-196). New York: Guilford.
9. Bandura, A., Pastorelli, C., Barbaranelli, C., & Caprara, G. V. (1999). Self-efficacy pathways to childhood depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 258-269.
10. Brashers, D. E., Goldsmith, D. J., & Hsieh, E. (2002). Information seeking and avoiding in health contexts. Human Communication Research, 28, 258-271.
11. Brashers, D. E., Neidig, J. L., Haas, S. M., Dobbs, L. K., Cardillo, L. W., & Russel, J. A. (2000). Communication in the management of uncertainty: The case of persons living with HIV or AIDS. Communication Monographs, 67, 63-84.
12. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
13. Darke, S. (1988). Effects of anxiety on inferential reasoning task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 499-505.
14. Deffenbacher, J. L. (1978). Worry, emotionality, and task-generated interference in test anxiety: An empirical test of attentional theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 248-254.
15. Dolinski, D., Gromski, W., & Zawisza, E. (1987). Unrealistic pessimism. Journal of Social Psychology, 127, 511-516.
16. Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2005). Developing a profile of consumer intention to seek out additional information beyond a doctor: The role of communicative and motivation variables. Health Communication, 17, 1-16.
17. Glynn, S. M., & Ruderman, A. J. (1986). The development and validation of an eating self-efficacy scale. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 403-420.
18. Hamilton, V. (1975). Socialization anxiety and information processing: A capacity model of anxiety-induced performance deficits. In I. G. Sarason & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (pp. 45-68). Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere.
19. Hays, R. D., & Ellickson, P. L. (1990). How generalizable are adolescents' beliefs about pro-drug pressures and resistance self-efficacy. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 321-340.
20. Hodges, W. F., & Spielberger, C. D. (1969). Digit span: An indicant of trait or state anxiety? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 430-434.
21. Hunter, J., & Gerbing, D. (1982). Unidimensional measurement, second order factor analysis, and causal models. Research in Organizational Behavior, 4, 267-320.
22. Jemmott, J. B., III, Jemmott, L. S., Spears, H., Hewitt, N., & Cruz-Collins, M. (1991). Self-efficacy, hedonistic expectancies, and condom-use intentions among inner-city Black adolescent women: A social cognitive approach to AIDS risk behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 13, 512-519.
23. Joseph, J. G., Montgomery, S. B., Emmons, C. A., Kirscht, J. P., Kessler, R. C., Ostrow, D. G. et al. (1987). Perceived risk of AIDS: Assessing the behavioral and psychosocial consequences in a cohort of gay men. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 231-250.
24. Larwood, L. (1978). Swine flu: A field study of self-serving bias. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 8, 283-289.
25. Lawrance, L., & Rubinson, L. (1986). Self-efficacy as a predictor of smoking behavior in young adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 11, 367-382.
26. Maibach, E., & Murphy, D. A. (1995). Self-efficacy in health promotion research and practice: Conceptualization and measurement. Health Education Research, 10, 37-50.
27. Miller, D. J., Mueller, J. H., Goldstein, A. J., & Potter, T. L. (1978). Depth of processing and test anxiety in landscape recognition. Bulletin of Psychological Society, 11, 341-343.
28. Ozer, E. M., & Bandura, A. (1990). Mechanisms governing empowerment effects: A self-efficacy analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 472-486.
29. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York, NY: Springer Verlag.
30. Rimai, R. N. (2000). Closing the knowledge-behavior gap in health promotion: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Health Communication, 12, 219-237.
31. Rimal, R. N. (2001). Longitudinal influences of knowledge and self-efficacy on exercise behavior: Tests of a mutual reinforcement model. Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 31-46.
32. Rimal, R. N. (2002). Perceived risk and self-efficacy as motivators: Understanding individuals' long-term use of health information. Journal of Communication, 51, 633-654.
33. Rimal, R. N., Flora, J. A., & Schooler, C. (1999). Achieving improvements in overall health orientation: Effects of campaign exposure, information seeking, and health media use. Communication Research, 26, 322-348.
34. Rimal, R. N. & Real, K. (2003). Perceived risk and efficacy beliefs as motivators of change. Human Communication Research, 29, 370-400.
35. Robertson, L. S. (1977). Car crashes: Perceived vulnerability and willingness to pay for crash protection. Journal of Community Health, 3, 136-141.
36. Rogers, R. W., & Prentice-Dunn, S. (1997). Protection motivation theory. In D. S. Gochman (Ed.), Handbook of health behavior research: Personal and social determinants (pp. 113-132). New York: Plenum.
37. Sengupta, J., & Johar, G. V. (2001). Contingent effects of anxiety on message elaboration and persuasion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 139-150.
38. Svenson, O., Fischhoff, B., & MacGregor, D. (1985). Perceived driving safety and seatbelt usage. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 17, 119-133.
39. van der Velde, F. W., Hooijkaas, C., & van der Pligt, J. (1991). Risk perception and behavior: Pessimism, realism, and optimism about AIDS-related health behavior. Psychology and Health, 6, 23-38.
40. Viswanath, K., & Finnegan, J. R., Jr. (1996). The knowledge gap hypothesis: Twenty-five years later. In B. Burleson (Ed.), Communication Yearbook (Vol. 19, pp. 187-227). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
41. Weinstein, N. D. (1982). Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 5, 441-460.
42. Weinstein, N. D. (1983). Reducing unrealistic optimism about illness susceptibility. Health Psychology, 2, 11-20.
43. Weinstein, N. D., Grubb, P. D., & Vautier, J. (1986). Increasing automobile seatbelt use: An intervention emphasizing risk susceptibility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 285-290.
44. Weinstein, N. D., Sandman, P. M., & Roberts, N. E. (1990). Determinants of self-protective behavior: Home radon testing. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 783-801.
45. Winkleby, M. A., Flora, J. A., & Kraemer, H. C. (1994). A community-based heart disease intervention: Predictors of change. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 767-772.
46. Witte, K. (1992). Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The Extended Parallel Process Model. Communication Monographs, 59, 3230-349.
47. Witte, K. (1994). Fear control and danger control: A test of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). Communication Monographs, 61, 113-134.
48. Witte, K., & Allen, M. (2000). A meta-analysis of fear appeals: Implications for effective public health campaigns. Health and Education Behavior, 27, 591-615.
49. Zillman, D., & Bryant, J. (Eds.). (1985). Selective exposure to communication. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.